Hepatitis E virus, HEV, is a frequent causative agent behind, especially waterborne, infections in developing countries such as India. However, during the last years the number of non-travel-associated infections in industrialised countries, for example US, Germany and Sweden, has increased. The symptoms vary from mild with nausea to icterus and it can even be lethal. There are four different genotypes of HEV and many studies consider HEV infection to be a zoonosis. Scientists have by using phylogenetic analyses found great genetic similarity between strains isolated from humans, pigs and food, such as pork and liver, especially among viruses belonging to genotype 3.

Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder affecting a range of different mammals, including dogs, cats, horses and humans. Worldwide, 347 million people have diabetes, and the disease is an increasing burden on the world?s poorest countries. The disease is characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia and afflicted individuals experience increased thirst, polyuria and weight loss, sometimes despite increased appetite. Diabetes mellitus is either insulin dependent or non-insulin dependent.

Emerging infectious diseases are a recurring threat to both human and animal health. Understanding the multiple causes behind the emergence of new diseases is key to the prevention of new and potentially devastating outbreaks. The list of underlying causes is long, including a variety of anthropogenic, environmental, molecular and climatic changes that promote the emergence and spread of disease. Two of these factors are central to the emergence of new diseases and receive special attention in this study. The spread of disease from wildlife to livestock and diseases that spread from animals to humans (zoonoses) are of importance as they implicated in the majority of EID events.

Begreppet Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) har vuxit sig stort pa? senare tid och kan ha positiva effekter pa? fo?retags verksamhet och samha?llet i stort. Fo?r att fo?retag ska kunna nyttja de positiva fo?ljderna med ett CSR-arbete a?r kommunikationen till intressenterna central. Forskningen kring CSR-kommunikationen till intressenter har fra?mst fokuserat pa? intressentgruppen konsumenter, varvid denna studie underso?kte hur fo?retag kommunicerar om CSR till intressentgrupperna ansta?llda, investerare/a?gare och NGO:s.

Syftet med uppsatsen a?r att ta reda pa? hur identitet tillskrivs svenskar i olika la?nder i va?rlden, beroende pa? vilken situation de befinner sig i. Uppsatsens problemomra?de bero?r identitetsskapande processer da?r ma?nniskor av olika nationaliteter mo?ts och agerar med varandra. Jag utga?r fra?n Ernesto Laclau och Chantal Mouffes diskursteori som beskriver fo?rha?llandet mellan differens och ekvivalens kopplat till hur identitet tas i anspra?k.

De fo?rsta a?ren pa? civilingenjo?rsutbildningen besta?r till stor del av matematik och utgo?r en viktig grund fo?r kommande kurser i utbildningen. I en studie fra?n Sveriges Ingenjo?rer uppma?rksammas det dessva?rre att genomstro?mningen pa? de inledande matematikkurserna a?r relativt la?g. Samtidigt observeras det att anva?ndandet av internetbaserad undervisning, sa? som videofo?rela?sningar, o?kat markant bland ingenjo?rsstudenter de senaste a?ren.I denna studie underso?ker vi hur studenter pa? medieteknikprogrammet pa? Kungliga Tekniska Ho?gskolan anva?nder sig av videofo?rela?sningar i sina matematikstudier.

Informell formativ bedo?mning a?r inte bedo?mning som tenderar att dokumenteras och sammanfattas till ett betyg, utan den bedo?mning som via dialoger i klassrummet hja?lper la?raren att avgo?ra vad eleverna kan eller om de ha?nger med i det la?raren fo?rso?ker fo?rmedla. Fo?r att bedo?mningen sedan skall vara formativ kra?vs det att informationen som la?raren fa?r fram vid dessa dialoger anva?nds som grund i fortsatt undervisning. Syftet med den ha?r studien a?r att fo?rdjupa kunskapen om informell formativ bedo?mning inom matema- tik pa? gymnasieskolan.

To investigate the possibilities for effective soil tillage, that could imply lower costs, lower negative environmental impact and in addition a meaningful occupation for foraging pigs, a field experiment was carried out in Gränna, Småland, during growing season 2006. The experiment contained two treatments that were repeated three times and were carried out on a couch grass-infected fallow on a light soil close to Sweden?s second largest lake, Vättern. Ploughing was one treatment and pig rooting followed by ploughing, was the other. The experiment was conducted according to the guidelines of organic growing and seedbed preparation was done the same way in the two treatments. The pigs, three groups of five half-year old Linderödssvin (an old Swedish breed), was encouraged to perform an even tillage by strip-grazing, i.e.

Half of Sweden?s 140 000-150 000 sows are culled and replaced by 75 000 gilts annually. Culling of old sows is necessary and allows new breeding material to enter the herd. However, many of the culled sows are young, and have not yet become profitable at the time for culling. Therefore, it is an important question for the pig industry, how to raise gilts to sows with a high and sustainable production level.

Soybean meal from South America is the most common protein feed used for animal production in Sweden. Production of soybean has negative effects on the environment and the transports from South America to Sweden causes considerable CO2 emissions. Therefore it is a growing interest in locally produced protein feed in Sweden. Protein feeds that are possible to grow in Sweden are rapeseed, peas, faba beans and lupins. Those are adapted to the Nordic climate and are perfect to grow in cereal rotations.

Lawsonia intracellularis is an important pathogen in the intestine, causing diarrhea and retarded (or poor) growth in pigs. Diagnostics is based on sampling of small amounts of faeces. Several publicated scientific papers mention the use of faecal swabs as sampling material for diagnosis in experiments and in prevalence studies. Therefore the need of an evaluation of this sampling technique is urgent since, to our knowledge, this has not previously been done. Here reported work compare the use of rectal swabs for feacal sampling, with sampling and analysis of 0.1-0.2 gram of faeces. The studie included twelve herds with a case history of earlier or ongoing problems with diarrhoea where Lawsonia intracellularis could be suspected as the causative agent. A total of 120 growing pigs where examined.

I en tid da?r tra?ning och motion blivit allt viktigare fo?r svensken har gym sett mo?jligheten att na? ut till nuvarande och nya kunder via sociala medier. Dock har ma?ngden information som anva?ndarna pa? sociala medier na?s av o?kat till en niva? da?r anva?ndarna blivit mer selektiva av vad de faktiskt konsumerar.Syftet med studien a?r att analysera hur gym anva?nder Facebook idag och ja?mfo?ra detta med gymmedlemmars fo?rva?ntningar och behov av gyms Facebooksidor. Detta fo?r att ta reda pa? om gymmens tilla?mpning av sociala medier sta?mmer o?verens med vad anva?ndarna vill se pa? en sa?dan Facebooksida.Detta gjordes genom telefonintervjuer med tre gym och en enka?tunderso?kning bland gymmedlemmar.

Uppsatsen a?r skriven fo?r att ta fram ett alternativt sa?tt att ranka lag i olika serier. Vi har lagt sto?rst fokus pa? fotbollsallsvenskan, men a?ven tabellerna i fotbolls-EM, basketligan och elitserien i hockey kommer att ja?mfo?ras. Vi kommer att introducera Perron-Frobenius sats med en kortare beskrivning och fo?rklara hur Google anva?nder satsen genom PageRank fo?r att du ska kunna hitta just den artikel eller hemsida som du letar efter.Senare i uppsatsen beskriver hur vi anva?nder Perron-Frobenius sats fo?r att fa? fram en alternativ ranking till den som anva?nds idag.

Arbetet handlar om improvisationens fo?rekomst i dagens undervisning pa? klassiska instrument. I den klassiska musiken har improvisation inte haft na?gon sto?rre roll de senaste 150 a?ren. Jag ville framfo?rallt fa? reda pa? om dagens klassiska instrumentalla?rare pa? musik och kulturskolor anva?nder sig av improvisation i sin undervisning och vilka tillva?gaga?ngssa?tt de i sa? fall har.

Denna uppsats har fo?r avsikt att na?rmare underso?ka hur ursprungsregler inom det multilaterala handelssystemet a?r utformade, hur de tilla?mpas och om de kan ta?nkas anva?ndas pa? ett protektionistisk eller diskriminerande sa?tt och da?rfo?r utgo?ra handelshinder. Det har under arbetets ga?ng visat sig att det finns bela?gg fo?r att ursprungsreglerna a?r mycket komplexa och sva?rhanterliga i ma?nga avseenden och att de administrativa procedurerna kring ursprungsregler a?r kunskapskra?vande, tidskra?vande och kostsamma. Att la?nder sja?lva ges mo?jligheten att utforma ursprungsregler medfo?r ocksa? risker fo?r att reglerna anva?nds pa? ett protektionistiskt sa?tt a?ven om de la?nder som antagit WTO:s avtal om ursprungsregler underkastat sig att respektera och fo?lja de grundla?ggande riktlinjer och principer som avtalet om ursprungsregler bygger pa?.