Atelektaser uppsta?r inom tio minuter hos 90 % av alla patienter som so?vs och leder till fo?rsa?mrad syresa?ttning men kan a?ven leda till postoperativa lungkomplikationer. Syftet med studien var att beskriva hur anestesisjuksko?terskan med olika ventilationsstrategier kan fo?rebygga atelektasbildning under generell anestesi. Studien genomfo?rdes som en litteraturstudie da?r 19 vetenskapliga artiklar granskades och analyserades.

Denna uppsats grundar sig i kommunikationens va?rld da?r det konstant byggs nya varianter av kommunikationsmedel. Music branding a?r ett kommunikationsmedel med musik som sitt verktyg. Med sin emotionella kraft anva?nds music branding av fo?retag fo?r att marknadsfo?ra och bilda varuma?rken.

Det ?vergripande syftet med studien ?r att unders?ka vilken tillg?ng patientf?retr?dare har till vetenskaplig kunskap och m?jligheten att bidra under vetenskaplig kunskapsproduktion, vilka resurser som kr?vs f?r patientdelaktighet och hur lekmannakunskap v?rderas inom l?kemedelsforskning. Studiens fr?gest?llningar lyder: 1. Utifr?n patientf?retr?dares f?rst?else, vilken tillg?ng har de till vetenskaplig kunskap g?llande l?kemedelsforskning och hur p?verkar det m?jligheten att medverka vid vetenskaplig kunskapsproduktion? 2.

The aim is to find out how teachers apply the knowledge they get from mathematics pilots in preschool and from mathematics developer in the municipality, as well as how they work further towards the children with mathematics.The study is based on qualitative interviews with two teachers, one mathematic pilot and one mathematic developer. I used the semi-structured interview questions.The results show that teachers believe that mathematics pilots will inspire the teachers in their work with mathematics in preschool. One of the teachers who were interviewed said:?Mathematics pilots should be those that have the strongest glasses and coming up with new ideas and they push the rest of the teachers in their work with mathematics in relation to children in preschool?.The teachers use the correct terms for mathematical concepts with the children. They also stressed how important it is to point out to the kids that it is mathematics that they are doing.The conclusion of the study is that the teachers agree that it is their approach towards the children that is important and how they can lead the children?s interest of mathematics forward.

Denna studie syftar till att belysa l?rare i fritidshems perspektiv p? det h?lsofr?mjande arbetet i fritidshemmet samt hur detta arbete utf?rs i verksamheten. Med vetskapen om att barn i dag r?r sig f?r lite i f?rh?llande till rekommendationerna s? vill vi unders?ka hur detta ?terspeglar sig i den fritidshemspedagogiska verksamheten. Det ?r ett intressant omr?de att l?gga fokus p? d? m?nga barn spenderar mycket tid i fritidshemmet.

I uppsatsen underso?ks hur ma?n och kvinnor representeras i Pitea? Tidningen, en av Norrbottens sto?rsta lokaltidningar. I Norrbotten pa?ga?r en genusdebatt, som kretsar kring kvinnors sva?righeter att sla? sig fram pa? na?ringsmarknaden. Fo?ljande studie utga?r ifra?n en kvantitativ inneha?llsanalys, som genom en rad variabler so?ker besvara uppsatsen fra?gesta?llningar: [1] Hur stort utrymme ges ma?n respektive kvinnor i tidningen? [2] I vilka sammanhang fo?rekommer ma?n respektive kvinnor i nyhetsrappoteringen? och [3] Vilka skillnader och likheter finns i framsta?llningen av kvinnor och ma?n? Genom en rad olika teorier och tidigare forskningar tolkas resultatet och analyseras i en slutlig diskussion.

Alexandra ?Kissie? Nilsson driver en av Sveriges fra?msta mode/livsstils blogg. Hon a?r omtalad runt om i landet fo?r sina extrema bantningsmetoder och fo?r sina sko?nhetsingrepp. Syftet med va?r uppsats a?r att fo?rklara hur betydande sociala medier a?r fo?r ungdomars identitetsskapande och hur en frontfigur influerar dem.

The aim of this study was to develop, implement and evaluate a mindfulness- and acceptance-based smoking cessation program in group (MRG). MRG was developed into an intervention consisting of 6 group sessions during 35 days including individual homework assignments. 8 of 10 participants completed the program. In order to evaluate the effect of MRG a quasi-experimental design with pretest and double posttest (second posttest at 1 month) was chosen. At second posttest, 50 percent (of 8 completers) were non-smokers, and the rest showed a decrease in smoking at a rate between 45 and 75 percent.

The aim of this study is to examine how two Kenyan school's approaches gender roles, by what the curriculum says and by how the teachers way of teaching are effecting the creation of gender roles. The aim is further to find out what the Kenyan school settings are, according to gender and equality, and how these are implemented in practice. This was examined through interviews at two local schools in Kenya, with five practicing teachers from grade one through grade six. This work compares the respondents' answers to the research that is related to the topic. Because of lack in the research about Kenya, the research has been based on mostly Swedish investigations.

Face-to-face communication is always complemented with non-verbal signals that give us clues as to how a message shall be interpreted, but as communication is moved online the possibilities to express oneself becomes more limited.This paper focuses on the instant messaging client Windows Live Messenger and three of the non-verbal functions that it provides (nudges, winks and emotes). The purpose of the paper and its underlying study is to compare the senders' intentions with the receivers' conceptions when it comes to these functions.The study was done as a questionnaire with two different versions of the questions, one looking at the senders' intentions and the other at the receivers' conceptions.The results were then compared in order to look for tendencies. The results showed that the most common intention among the senders was also the most common conception among the receivers, but that the rest of the attitudes didn't match at all. The functions that are supposed to help the conversation flow often create ambiguity instead and lead to vagueness, misconceptions and annoyance..

I denna uppsats har vi gjort ett fo?rso?k att ta reda pa? hur det ga?r till i samband med vidareutbildning fo?r de som a?r ansta?llda i Socialtja?nsten. Vi har genom analys av enka?ter fo?rso?kt utskilja vad som varit sa?rskilt hja?lpsamt och vad som mo?jliggjort en god implementering av olika metoder. Vi har da?rfo?r ocksa? so?kt fo?rsta?else fo?r dess motsats, na?mligen de hinder som kan ha funnits.Vi hoppas att denna uppsats kan utgo?ra ett diskussionsunderlag fo?r sa?va?l studenter, socialarbetare och chefer, eftersom det kan vara bra att fo?rsta? processer av implementering och la?rande info?r att utbildningar ska planeras och genomfo?ras.Va?r avsikt med uppsatsen a?r inte att presentera nya teorier utan att fo?rso?ka presentera hur upplevelser av implementering kan se ut fo?r enskilda socialarbetare.

This thesis is concerned with how identity is connected to historical writings and what normsshapes the perspectives of history. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibilitiesfor identification offered in history books used for history teaching. This study is concernedwith what role the nation plays and how it shapes the conception of history, with the hope ofcounteracting negative attitudes towards those not being identified as ?Swedish? in the historytelling.The study was conducted through discourse analysis. The material for this analysis consistedof three history books directed towards 4-6th graders.The study shows how identity is created through putting ?us? against ?them?.

Ofta sker planeringsarbete i en tvådimensionell miljö, där man går miste om både djup och närvarokänsla. Därför är det intressant att undersöka ifall möjligheten att själv effektivt navigera sig runt i en tredimensionell miljö med hjälp av virtual reality-teknik har något värde för planeringsprocessen, där utställningsansvariga på museer är målgruppen. För att undersöka detta modellerades virtuella rum, skript skapades för utplacering, borttagning samt val av objekt. Dessa integrerades med en spelmotor och Oculus Rift, varpå användaren själv kan ?kliva in i? en virtuell miljö presenterad tredimensionellt och som reagerar på huvudrörelser, tangentbord och mus.

This thesis consists of a discourse and queer theoretical text and image analysis of school books in English used in the Swedish upper secondary school.  The whole content of two school books have been analysed from a norm critical perspective but one chapter in each of them has been analysed more thoroughly than the rest. These two chapters form the major part of the analysis.The thesis? problem formulation and objective derive from a personal experience of being a teacher student and part time teacher in Swedish schools. This experience shows the prevalence of a strong heteronormativity both in the schools? every day life and in the used school books.

This report is going to discuss the relatively new and in schools, frequently debated concept of inclusion. The concept inclusion, easily explained means that all children, regardless of special needs or other conditions should be involved in the schools ordinary environment.In the democratic school of today, the education is supposed to be adapted to every individual and its special needs. The dilemma of the special need education is described as giving all children the same, but at the same time adapt to each and everyone?s differences.This study describes the teachers approach to the concept of inclusion and especially the inclusion of children in need of special support. And the teachers experience of possible advantages and disadvantages in their work to include all children.The method?s that were used to collect the empirical information to this report were qualitative interviews.The questions at issue were:How do the teachers include children in need of special support in the education?The teachers experiences of advantages and disadvantages in the way they work whit inclusionPartly for the children in need of special supportPartly for the teachersPartly for the rest of the class.