Different methods for shelterwood cutting have been used in differ-ent parts of Europe since the middle ages. The use of shelter wood cutting in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) forests in Sweden met a revival in the early 1990s as an alternative for the dominating clear-cutting system when silvicultural costs increased dramatically for the latter. Shelterwood cutting systems involve some possible problems but also a lot of positive effects. Among the problems are increased risk of wind throw and damage of the remaining shelter trees caused by the cutting operation. Positive effects are for example a valuable growth in the remaining trees and increased biological di-versity. This study is based on a total of 79 trees from 4 different treatments in a spruce shelterwood, cut in 1994, in the middle of Sweden (62,4º N).

Olika former av prestationsmått har sedan en tid tillbaka provats i kommuner. En av de modeller som kommuner har hämtat från privata företag är balanserat styrkort. Ett problem är huruvida en modell som är framtagen för privata företag direkt kan tillämpas inom kommuner trots de skillnader som finns mellan dessa verksamheter. Syftet med denna uppsats är att, ur ett ledningsperspektiv, öka förståelsen för hur en kommun kan utforma och använda sig av balanserat styrkort. Delsyftet är att identifiera vilka fördelar och nackdelar som kan uppstå vid användning av balanserat styrkort i en kommun.

Det första steget i produktionskedjan för trävaror är skördaren vars uppgift är att avverka och sönderdela träd. Sönderdelningen till stockar baseras på sågverkens beställning som innehåller information om önskad längd och diameter. Diametermätning i skördare genomförs idag med berörande teknik som i takt med att kraven för träproduktion ökar kommer vara tvungen att förbättras alternativt bytas ut.I tidigare studier har beröringsfri diametermätning med lasertriangulering genomförts som visar att en ökad mätnoggrannhet går att uppnå, men att robustheten för ett sådant system måste öka för att kunna användas i praktiken. I studierna föreslås förbättring av mätsystemets algoritm som ett naturligt nästa steg för att öka robustheten.I detta examensarbete utvecklas en algoritm som med mätdata från det ovan nämnda systemet strävar efter att göra en robust diametermätning. I algoritmen löses två delproblem där det första är att identifiera bra mätdata genom sökning och eliminering av extremvärden och det andra är att anpassa en trädmodell för att utifrån denna beräkna diametern.

The governing set of regulations for structural engineering in Sweden used to be Boverket, BKR. However in the beginning of the 21st century a changeover to new regulations, the Eurocodes, started.The transition was completed in year 2011 when the Eurocodes became the mandatory design work policy for all countries within the European Union. The Eurocodes were implemented to simplify and remove potential barriers to trade that may exist when countries have different design rules.  Since the changeover it has been important for all construction companies to update their knowledge base and their design software.When comparing the two calculation processes they seem similar, but there are a couple of differences worth noting.  With the new regulations, engineers will find that the process when designing joints in timber structures has changed.  What used to be a fairly easy and straight forward calculation procedure has now become tedious and time consuming.The objective of this degree project is to present a product, a dimensioning tool that will help structural engineers when computing lateral load carrying joints in timber structures.The degree project is made up of two parts where the first part is the written report describing the background and theory behind load carrying computations. The second part of the project is the actual dimensioning tool which includes several worksheets in Microsoft Excel. The program treats single and double shear connections of the following:Nail jointsScrew jointsSteel plates (thick and thin types) The user can edit the following parameters:Type of plate/ number of shearsStrength class of timber membersMember and plate sizeType of fastenerDiameter of fastenerLength of fastenerYield moment of fastenerkmod and partial factors for design load carrying capacityThe dimensioning tool was created and developed in collaboration with structural engineers at the company Byggteknik AB.

Syfte: Att undersöka om anatomiska fynd återspeglas i funktionella tester; finns det något samband mellan temporala RNFL och kontrastseende hos friska personer?Material och metoder: Friska personer mellan 18-60 år inkluderades i denna studie. Mätningar gjordes på ögon som hade en refraktion inom ±6,00 DS och detta kontrollerades med en inledande synundersökning. Kontrastseende mättes med Pelli-Robson-testet på 1 m avstånd och testpersonen hade då på sig en provbåge med optimal korrektion samt +0,75 DS extra för att kompensera för testavståndet. Tjockleken på RNFL mättes med en OCT-SLO-mätare med inställningen RNFL.

Since the 1980s, the management philosophy New Public Management has resulted in major changes in the public administration system in several countries, especially in the West. A market oriented approach and an increased focus on performance measurement are ideals that are salient in these changes. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to examine the management philosophy?s influence on international relations through a critical analysis of some of its ideals in the management of international development cooperation, where effectiveness, quality, and results have been new dominant concepts. Through a qualitative content analysis of a Swedish Communication from 2014 ? the Aid Policy Framework ? and a debate in the Swedish parliament where this Communication was discussed, different themes that reflect the strategy of so called results based management in Sweden are identified.

Dagens företag befinner sig i en föränderlig omvärld som kräver flexibilitet, kreativitet och innovationsförmåga från dess aktörer. Bland annat utifrån den kritik som framkommit mot traditionell ekonomistyrning, har ett flertal prestationsmätningssystem vuxit fram, varav det balanserade styrkortet är ett. Att utforma och implementera ett balanserat styrkort är ett komplext och resurskrävande arbete som är mycket avgörande för funktionen. Men att följa upp och uppdatera det är än betydelsefullare. Ett balanserat styrkort som inte följs upp, är till slut ett balanserat styrkort utan funktion.

Automatic rumination measuring can be applied as a health indicator in dairy farming but is also highly desirable for research purposes. This study aimed to validate the technical functionality of the product RuminActTM, which employ acoustics to monitor rumination duration. The time budget of high yielding cows was studied and possible differences in rumination time between 13 rations were interpreted. Further the study examined what affects daily rumination and rumination efficiency. The validation was performed with direct observations that were compared to the automatically recorded rumination durations.

This report is written on commission by WSP Acoustics. The report studies the outdoor sound levels on school yards in Stockholm. The questions given by the company to be answered was what are the actual sound levels at diffrent school yards with low traffic noise and how can you construct a facade element that reduces the sound level from the outside and meet the indoor requirements. Mesurements for four hours was done at eight schools set north and south of the city centre. The measurement period included one school break and one lunch break.

Testing and analysis of measurement data is a major part of the workday for development engineers within the section Fluid and Emission Treatment to assure the quality of products developed by Scania CV. The ineluctable variation and therefore uncertainty of results can be quantified and discussed with the use of statistical methods.The overall objective of this study is to examine how the competence of development engineers can be improved within the area of statistics. This has been done by relating the concept of competence with the use of statistical methods to analyse experimental data and by investigating which factors that influence the competence of the engineers. Observations of the daily operations, interviews and a focus group with development engineers and a workshop with management personnel, has been used as research methods in this study.The results show that the desired competence, from the perspective of the individual, consists of knowledge, motivation and support. It is important that none of these parts are neglected when the competence of engineers is to be strengthened.

Medieföretaget AB is a Swedish Media Company that covers several different business areas.The company daily produces one of the biggest newspapers in Sweden and publishes editorialnews on one of the country?s most visited news homepage. The company also has smallerfirms that produce new business models. Due to big changes in the media climate over theworld and a new company management team the company in November 2008 started adepartment for innovation. The main purpose of the department was to create a structuredway for managing ideas and to promote innovation.

Dagens ökade miljökrav driver energibolagen till effektivisering av vattenkraftverken. En turbinrenovering är en omfattande process. Vid renoveringen effektiviseras turbinen och behovet av miljöfarliga smörjmedel minimeras. Genom att förse ledskenor med en rostfri motyta möjliggörs användandet av självsmörjande lager, vilket förutom minimering av miljöfarliga smörjmedel, leder till minskat underhållsbehov Målet med det här examensarbetet är att dokumentera och analysera befintligt förfarande vid renovering och uppgradering av ledskenor som ofta blir tidskrävande och komplicerade. Syftet är att presentera en produktionstekniskt förbättrad metod för modifiering av ledskenor.

The term ?good marketing practice? in the 4 § 1 section Swedish marketing law (Marknadsföringslagen 1995:450) has a wide meaning. Besides 5-13 d §§ and 17 §, the term also covers other non legal rules. The essay intends to define the legal meaning of the term as well as examine how it is experienced of laymen in the area. According to 1 § Swedish Marketing law aims to protect business men and consumers from unjustified marketing.

This report is part of a Bachelor?s degree corresponding to 15 creditsat the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm. The work hasbeen carried out by Max Wikander, author of the report, supervisedby Lanie Gutierrez-Farewik and Erik Dijkstra.Gait analysis includes measurement, characterization and assessmentof human movement and is used to assess kinematic or otherabnormalities during gait. Center of rotation and the axis of rotationof a joint are fundamental parameters in motion analysis. However,the ability to create individualized analysis is limited by the lack ofaccuracy when these parameters are calculated.

Performance of an intersection affects the total travel time in a traffic network. An intersection with good performance can easily be described by its contribution to lower travel time than in a comparable intersection. The travel time is of importance in the cost calculations when a specific intersection is to be chosen and designed. It is important to be able to make correct and precise performance calculations so that the cost calculations will not be incorrect. For that purpose the software Capcal, which is a traffic model for intersection analysis on performance, is used in Sweden.