The Swedish Transport Administration manage nearly 4,000 railway bridges in different condition and age around the country. These bridges is in constant need of maintenance and requires continuous inspections. This thesis is designed as a damage investigation on a single-track railway bridge south of Solvarbo in Säter municipality. The railway bridge is in operation and serves over 10,000 trains a year, everything from speed trains to freight trains. The bridge is built as a beam bridge, simply supported over a road.

Due to the decrease in obtaining driver?s licenses among young people, the main purpose of this study was to acquire a deeper understanding of young people?s attitudes towards driver?s license and towards driver?s education. This is a qualitative study with a theoretical approach, which combines Bourdieu with post modern theories. By using focus groups a wide rage of attitudes among young people have been gathered. Having a driver?s license is still considered a standard among young people even though their attitude mostly depends on their need for one.

AbstractJohannes Åberg 2012: Har längden betydelse? ? En kvantitativ studie av elevers textstrukturer.Does the length matter? ? A quantitative study of student text structures. Essay writing is one part of the national test in the school subject Swedish. Here the student gets the opportunity to demonstrate that it is able to follow instructions and produce a coherent text. The examinator's task hereby becomes a troublesome process with subtle distinctions between rights and wrongs.

Detta examensarbete behandlar slamhanteringen på Sibbhults avloppsreningsverk (Sarv).I denna rapport tas det upp hur avvattningen och förtjockningen av slammet går till i dagsläget och vilka förändringar som kan göras för att förbättra dessa processer.Här visas även vilka eventuella vinster som kan fås med förändringar och eventuella investeringar i en avvattningsapplikation. Redan med små medel kan förtjockningen av slammet förändras, även om det inte införskaffas en mekanisk avvattnare, som t ex med inblandning av polymerer i avloppsvattnet.För att finna olika fungerande alternativ har information insamlats från flera företag som tillhandahåller applikationer för slamavvattnare. Information har även införskaffats genom egen erfarenhet under min verksamhetsförlagda utbildnings (VFU) period på SArv, och vid diskussion med personal som arbetar vid vatten- och avloppsreningsverken i Östra Göinge kommun..

This essay examines the olfactory reading as a possible way to make sense of a fragmented novel, in this case Sara Stridsberg?s debut Happy Sally (2004). Through close reading, the essay identifies the source of the smells, who perceives it, and how this is portrayed in the text. The smell?s position in the text is understood in relation to Maurice Merleau-Ponty?s phenomenology, where the body, as created in the literary text, is considered as a source of knowledge.

The Main problem: How small-sized manufacturing companies can create and sustain a stable position in the industry, which leads to profitability.Purpose: The purpose with this essay is to compare two small-sized manufacturing companies, Datek Industrielektronik AB and AB Micatrone to study which strategical resources each company possesses. At the same time analyse if the strategical resources are to be consider as sustainable competitive advantage.Method: A case study has been implemented in two small-sized manufacturing companies. The collected primary data derives from semi-structured interviews.Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework is based on The Resource-based view where the independent variables are the VRIO-model, resource tree and external resources. The dependable variable is sustainable competitive advantage.Empirical foundation: The empirical foundation is based on the compilation of the few conducted interviews with Datek and Micatrone.Results & Conclusion: Datek and Micatrone show both similarities and differences in what creates their sustainable competitive advantage. The management of both companies creates according to the VRIO-model sustainable competitive advantage.

Due to their complexity and heavy wear from rail traffic, switches are a sensitive part of the railway infrastructure and moreover expensive to maintain. Furthermore, increasing railway traffic not only accelerates the wear rate but also obstructs the necessary maintenance measures. This paper examines the opportunities for a transition to a long-term maintenance strategy in the Swedish railway network. It contains a study of the maintenance strategy of Banverket, and also analyses statistics of errors in the railway infrastructure. The survey was completed utilising interviews with infrastructure managers, maintenance contractors, planners of railway operations and the Banverket material service department.

5 till 7 miljoner ton asfalt har tillverkats och lagts ut under de senaste åren i Sverige och anläggningsbranschens årliga omsättning ligger på ca 4 mljarder kronor per år. Samtidigt har asfaltmarknadsbranschens upphandlingsmetoder varit ett diskutabelt ämne runt om i världen.Examensarbetet består av en geografisk prisjämförelse av asfalt och studera de ingående faktorer som påverkar priset. Intervjuer har gjorts med beläggningsentreprenörer från olika företag i Mellan- till Sydsverige. Resultatet påverkas av att reliabiliteten är låg eftersom relativt få aktörer har svarat på frågeformuläret, men visar på kraftiga prisskillnader mellan olika regioner. Totalkostnaden för beläggning, emulsion, bergmaterial, transport, maskin och hantverk skilde nästan 50 % mellan den med lägst och den med högst pris.

AbstractBuilding Information Model/Modeling/Management (BIM) is a tool that allows for efficient working methods. BIM saves time and money while providing the potential for visualization. This method of working is based on a 3D-model, and then a fourth and fifth dimension are connected. 5D modeling means that a spreadsheet creates cost estimates based on the 3D model. This provides opportunities to carry out calculations in the early stages of the projects. Calculations are currently performed manually and do not contribute to the development that the construction industry requires.

Introduction: Every year about 450 women in Sweden are diagnosed with cervical cancer, almost 200 die and thousands undergo surgery because of cell changes in the cervix. A HPV infection can lead to cervical cancer and therefor costs for the society. The implementation of a vaccination program against HPV is a way to avoid these costs. Aim: The study aimed to calculate the economic impact of the HPV- vaccination program for children in Sweden through a cost-benefit analysis. Method: In this analysis, status quo was compared with non-administration of the HPV-vaccine for the selected cohort of ten-years-old girls in Sweden.

Materialhantering är den del av produktionslogistiken som hanterar det interna materialflödet, vilket innefattar intern lagerhållning och transport. Målet med den interna materialhanteringen är att säkerställa tillgången av material till produktionssystemet där hanteringen ska ske utan skador på material eller personal. I ett tillverkande företag kan en betydande del av den totala produktionskostnaden härledas till den interna materialhanteringen. Enligt Lean Production ska både transport och lagerhållning betraktas som slöseri. Det är därmed viktigt att effektivisera den interna materialhanteringen samtidigt som det inte får ske på bekostnad av sämre leveransprecision till produktionssystemet eller säkerheten.

This paper aims to analyze how child restraint systems (CRS) in cars should be positioned to protect children at the ages 1 to 5. The study is preformed in co-operation with the Swedish insurance company Folksam. Data from Folksam´s database on car crashes in the years 1999-2004 is being used in this study. Every child in the ages 1 to 5 was searched for in the database, which resulted in 184 observations. To perform the analysis, categorical data analysis is suitable.

Findus Sverige AB, referred to asFindus from now on, harvests peas during a period ofaround 50 days during the summer. The harvest generates about 30 000 tonnes of peas which gives around 40 000 pallets to distribute to the warehouses which Findus uses for final storage. Three hours after the peas are picked in the fields, they have to be frozen to keep their good taste and quality. Because of this the pallets are marked with a preliminary label with quality classification of the content. The Findus quality department then has one day to determine the correct quality of each pallet.

This Master thesis was written for Lantmännen Agroetanol in Norrköping concerning the layout of their finished goods inventory and unloading of feed after introducing a new product mix. Lantmännen Agroetanol has two production lines which produces feed. Both lines lead to six silos, used as inventory of finished goods. The feed from the two production lines differ in terms of quality, where as Lantmännen Agroetanol wants to separate their finished inventory in order to charge a higher price, by selling the better product as a premium. With two different feed products the yearly revenue is expected to increase which motivates a research about the current capabilities and necessary changes to be made in the factory.

This study has its background in the debate about religion and the existence of God, which has been an ongoing issue throughout the Western cultural tradition. Today´s information society has been an impact on the increasing interest for this subject. The essay?s main task is to accomplish a rhetorical analysis of two books, Illusionen om Gud (2008) by atheist Richard Dawkins and Guds dödgrävare (2010) by Christian John Lennox, in order to investigate the authors? use of rhetorical strategies to influence their audience. The texts are studied using a qualitative approach with the theoretical basis of some well-defined rhetorical variables: ethical, logical and pathetic means of persuasion, propaganda, and the important factor that a message always is presented in a certain context in which the recipients both have their own values and subjects to general truths and common frames of reference.