By limiting our horse?s freedom of movement, we restrict their opportunity to forage, which is one of their most important needs. If their need of forage is not fulfilled it can lead to frustration, which might manifest itself in abnormal behaviour, like the oral stereotypies for example crib-biting. It is a held belief that the horse swallows air while crib-biting, which they don?t, and that swallowed air causes colic, and the belief that other horses can copy the behaviour, leads to the use of many methods to prevent the behaviour.

I denna studie undersöks hur införandet av jobbskatteavdraget 2007 och de två utbyggnaderna 2008-2009 påverkade arbetsmarknaden i form av sysselsättning, arbetslöshet, långtidsarbetslöshet och sysselsättning i åldersgruppen 55-64 år. Med utgångspunkt från en tillämpning av konsumtionsteorin, med arbetsutbudet i fokus, så görs en difference-in-differences analys av reformens tre första år i jämförelse med tre år innan dess införande. Resultaten visar att införandet av jobbskatteavdraget har haft en positiv effekt på arbetsmarknaden i form av en större andel avbefolkningen i arbete, medan ytterliggare steg av jobbskatteavdraget ger estimat som tyder på att effekten blir en minskad aktivitet på arbetsmarknaden..

In this paper I present a website on the Internet. The EuropeanLinkTreasury ELT is a resource to Swedish children between 10 and 15 years of age. I am looking at this resource from a gender point of view. I want to see if ELT has thought of this perspective. Are there as many websites for girls as there are for boys? I want to see if the text is separated between gender.

We investigate the effects of various types of word-of-mouth (WOM) messages on consumer bahavior. The message is varied along two dimensions where one is valence and the other is whether or not it contains an explicit call for certain behavior or attitude change. We use an experiment in the form of a web-based survey. Five different scenarios were designed to represent neutral, positive, and negative WOM. The latter two came in two different versions - one with a recommendation and one without.

Uppsatsens syfte är att analysera och diskutera varför och på vilka sätt ett detaljhandelsföretag bör erbjuda kunden en multisensorisk varumärkesupplevelse. Uppsatsen kommer att ge företag ökad förståelse för Sinnesmarknadsföring och vad det får för konsekvenser vid utformandet av servicelandskapet.Vi har använt oss av både en kvantitativ och en kvalitativ metod. Den kvantitativa metoden innebar ett experiment där vi undersökte doft- och ljudets påverkan på kundbeteendet. Experimentet utfördes på en utvald yta på EM Kalmar Severins i samband med den specifika produktgruppen soffa. Den kvalitativa undersökningen genomfördes med observationer, 15 kundintervjuer samt en intervju med varuhuschefen..

Many organizations strive to be transnational. This means that individuals with different cultural background will work together. Countries around the world have their own culture, which mark the way individual?s think and act. Different values between leaders and their subordinates are often a key factor to misunderstandings and conflicts in transnational organisations.

Diskussionen i Sverige angående dataspelsberoende och att främst att ungdomar, spenderarmycket av sin vakna tid framför spelen, har på senare tid tagit fart i media. Många hardiskuterat om inte detta är ett samhällsproblem. WoW (World of Warcraft) är ett av depopuläraste spelen i världen och lockar väldigt många individer.Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att undersöka spelet WoW för att ta reda på vilken ellervilka av dess spelkomponenter som kan ha ett samband med ett beroende. Detta har gjortsgenom experiment, observation och intervju av individer som spelar spelet.Syftet anses uppnått och frågeställningen i arbetet har besvarats. De komponenter som ansågsha ett samband med beroende var Spelare (spelarna i spelet påverkade varandra på en socialnivå) och Karaktärsuppgraderingen (jakten efter att få sin karaktär att bli bättre och bättre)..

Current technology offers many possibilities for remotecommunication. Nevertheless, people with cognitive and communicativedisabilities have limited access to common communication technology like textmessaging via a mobile phone. This study is part of the project Text messagingwith picture symbols - a possibility for AAC users and people with cognitiveimpairments. Semi structured interviews were used to investigate three menand four women?s experiences of using Windows mobiles with adaptedfunctions for text messaging.

Mine waste from Ljusnarsbergsfältet in Kopparberg, Sweden, is considered to constitute a great risk for human health and the surrounding environment. Some of the waste rock consists of sulphide minerals. When sulphide minerals come into contact with dissolved oxygen and precipitation, oxidation may occur resulting in acid mine drainage (AMD) and the release of heavy metals. The purpose of this study has been to characterise the waste material and try to chemically stabilize the waste rock with a mixture of sewage sludge and calcium carbonate. The drawback of using organic matter is the risk that dissolved organic matter can act as a complexing agent for heavy metals and in this way increase their mobility.

We have performed a historical research, trying to establish the auditing conditions, in terms of adjustments over time. Our purpose with this essay was to demonstrate the facts behind the independence of the auditor, and hopefully give the reader some new information.Our questions at issue were: What in the debate, regarding the independence of the auditor, in concern of the scandals, is most relevant each decade?Witch aftermath has influenced the regulation regarding the independence of the auditor?What we thought was the best way to answer this question was to study a large amount of journals according to the current decade, since 1930 and forward. The journals presented different persons opinions regarding the scandals, and we used them as an instrument to analyse the regulations and after-effects of the scandals.Our conclusion is that in purpose to make the auditor independent, the debate among competent and well-informed people in the line of business has, through the decades, frequently recurred to strive towards a more homogenous auditing..

The purpose of this paper was to examine how people experience the practice of Cannabis in daily life. The study was based on interviews with five individuals who have experience with cannabis use. They do not represent a bigger population only themselves. We chose these particular individuals because all of them began using cannabis at a young age- everyone before they were twenty. But they have been using cannabis because of different reasons.

The intention is to focus on the implementation of the tablet in preschools and how the intentions around the introduction of the tablet take shape in different preschools. The method is semi structured interviews where the respondents consist of 3 preschool directors and 6 teachers where the preschool directors work. This is a relevant subject to illustrate, as the tablet has become a tool in preschool where it seems to be different opinions about how it should be used. This study aims to understand how the implementation can take form in different preschools, what kind of similarities and differences we can see with the intentions of the tablet and if there is need of clarification on the workings of the tablets in preschools. The results show that the intentions around the introduction of the tablet in preschool look different in the preschools, and the implementation of this new technology starts in a small scale with help of photographing and videotaping.

Tidigare studier har visat att ett syfte med stereotypisering är att ge vägledning i möten med andra människor där en snabb personbedömning kan underlätta kommunikation och kognitiva strategier. I denna studie har undersökts om ett negativt affekttillstånd kan förbättras vid en negativ stereotypbedömning av en person som det är socialt accepterat att ogilla, alltså om avreaktion förekom. Deltagarna, 111 studenter vid Luleå tekniska universitet, ingick i ett experiment där affektmanipulation, personbedömning och självskattning av affekttillståndet gjordes med hjälp av enkäter och försöksledarens anvisningar. Resultaten visar, tvärtemot antagandet, att deltagare som initialt varit negativa till sinnes blev ännu mer negativa efter att ha bedömt en person, vilken det är socialt accepterat att ogilla. I kontrollgrupperna påvisades ingen ökning av den negativa affekten..

In many earlier investigations a recall advantage of auditory lists spoken in a single voice has been found over recall of lists spoken in two alternating voices. One explanation proposed is an organization strategy which makes recall of alternating-voice lists so difficult. The strategy implies sorting same-voice words into same-voice groups at encoding. Based on this proposition, it was assumed that voice-by-voice recall would be better than recall in order of presentation, as then the recall instruction and the organization of items in memory would be in concordance. The present experiment tested and was unable to support this hypothesis.

En relativt ny metod i skogsbruket är att samla in data med hjälp av små obemannade flygplan s.k. drönare. Målet med denna studie var erhålla svar på om det är möjligt att använda drönare vid skogsvårdsplanering. Det som undersöktes var vilka parametrar som kunde identifieras i bilder tagna ifrån drönare vid inventering av återväxt, röjningsbehov och röjningsuppföljning. Även hur olika väderlekar, tider på dygnet och omgivande vegetation påverkade bilderna undersöktes.