Since the 1990?s the Swedish school system has undergone major and recurring structural reforms. Two of the most comprehensive changes has been the shift of primary schools as an integral part of the welfare state to the responsibility of the municipalities as well as the introduction of free school choice for the students. Through two months of participant observations and semi-structured interviews this thesis seeks to answer the question of how these reforms has come to effect the work of teachers in a medium sized public school in a small municipality in the outskirts of Stockholm. Earlier research has shown that public schools in socio-economically vulnerable areas are disadvantaged due to the reformation of the school system (Beach & Sernhede, 2011; Östh, Andersson, & Malmberg, 2013).

The school is under constant change and school reform on the conveyor belt. In 2009 the Swedish government introduced new directives for the elementaryschool, including multi-national sample, written testimonials from grade one and grade with several grades rose from grade six. The purpose of this study is to examine currently active primary teacher perceptions of the pupils' learning and development might be affected by those earlier and clearer knowledge assessments, and how teachers perceive this reform on the basis of the Swedish school's motto "a school for all". The study was carried out with a phenomenological approach where the method has been depth interviews with five active primary teachers from grades one to six in a school. The results show that teachers perceive that the earlier and clearer assessments will affect students differently according to student performance and knowledge.

Swedish public administration has for the last few decades undergone reforms aimed at making it more efficient. A substantial part of these reforms have concerned creating clearer roles for politicians versus officials in the public sector, i.e. giving politicians a responsibility for setting goals and steering activities and public officials the role of implementing them.This study aims to examine one reform following this path that is under implementation in a Swedish public authority; Försäkringskassan, the Social Insurance Agency. The purpose of the reform is to increase the organization?s effectiveness and the rule of law.

The aim of this study is to enhance the knowledge of target and performance management?s effects on the judiciary. In the past decades there have been a number of reforms in the general public sector of many countries. The management philosophy often used to describe these public sector reforms is called New Public Management (NPM). One main theme has been an increased focus on the management control systems, for example a greater emphasis on target and performance management.

Denna uppsats utgör ett försök att förstå de drivkrafter som låg bakom det tämligen omfattande byggandet av mindre vattenkraftverk (understigande 1500 kW) som inträffade i Norrbotten vid mitten av 1910-talet. Ett annat mål med uppsatsen var att undersöka vilka problem som en entreprenör inom småskalig vattenkraft kunde stöta på i konstruerandet av ett tekniskt system. En vanlig förklaring till att byggandet av småskalig vattenkraft tog fart vid 1910-talets mitt har varit att det första världskriget orsakade en energikris då tillförseln av fotogen för belysning i stort sett upphörde. Undersökningen har visat att planerna på att bygga mindre vattenkraftverk i vissa fall föregick denna energikris. Andra faktorer har uppenbarligen varit viktiga drivkrafter bakom övergången till elektricitet.

This thesis aims to study the impact of the transition from communism to democracy on the public libraries in Poland. The central areas of study are changes in: the organisation of the public library system, the role of the public library in society, the librarian's daily work and job situation and collection development. The thesis is based on qualitative interviews with public librarians, public library managers and researchers in Warsaw, Torun and Gdansk. The theoretical background consists of chapters outlining thoughts on democratic and communist library ideas and public libraries' responses to a changing society. The results show that the public library system has been affected by two major decentralisation reforms in Poland, leaving the libraries in the care of local governments.

En av Sveriges attraktiva kommuner är Örebro. Örebro kommun har en befolkningstillväxt som tenderar att öka i framtiden, vilket kan komma att leda till bostadsbrist. En attraktiv kommun behöver ha en bostadsmarknad som är balanserad, för att ha en möjlighet att förse invånare med bostäder. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur bostadsbyggandet i Örebro kommun fungerar mellan aktörer som är delaktiga i bostadsbyggandet. Vidare har det studerats hur Örebro kommun kan påverka bostadsbyggandet, samt vad som krävs för att bostäder ska expandera i inflyttningens takt. .

Det övergripande syftet med denna uppsats har varit att undersöka baptismens framväxt, genombrott och utveckling under perioden 1850-1910. I anslutning till detta har jag även studerat baptismens etablering på nationell nivå. De frågeställningar som har utformats i anknytning till syftet har varit; När, varför och genom vilka uppkom baptismen i Piteå? Vilka människor kom att ansluta sig till baptismen i Piteå? Vilka orsaker fanns till baptismens förändring och utveckling på lokal nivå? Den metod som använts för att undersöka dessa aspekter har varit i huvudsak kvalitativ, där studiet av material i form av medlemsmatriklar, församlingsprotokoll, minnes- och årsskrifter samt relevant litteratur och avhandlingar använts. Resultatet av studien visar att den svenska baptiströrelsen har sin bakgrund i Amerika, England och Tyskland, och att den spreds till vårt land därifrån.

The process of European Integration and creation of the single market revealed many questions and boundaries on the development and improvement of the European Social Policy. Pension?s sustainability has become the priority issue especially during the EU enlargement processes. Different policy instruments and institutions available to governments of Member States in realization of social objectives resulted in a growing diversity of pension polices which produced different combinations of public and private provisions - ?private-public hybrids? , with the state exercising different degrees of influence in their development.

Background: Røvik claim that both public and private sector, large and small firms, are working with the same administrative standards, recipes, as these are currently considered to be ?right?. He argues that this is partly due to the globalization of the information society, which is making it possible for recipes to spread rapidly. An area affected of this is purchasing, where many new strategic and organizational concepts have been developed. Nowadays, people argue that ?every penny saved in the procurement function, is an extra penny in profit? and that purchasing decisions affect the entire company and its performance.

Lokala investeringsprogram was a subsidy program which supported environmental reforms during the years 1998 to 2002. The subsidies were given to Swedish municipalities. Most of the evaluations of the subsidised projects have now been completed and included in a database. The purpose with this thesis is to analyse whether the instrument has been effective with respect to carbon dioxide reductions and costs. These calculations have focused on subsidy and cost efficiency. The analysis has been compared with a previous report called "LIP ur ett samhällsekonomiskt perspektiv". The result shows that the reduction cost for one kg CO2 has been almost one SEK, which is twice as high as the cost reported in a previous report, half a SEK.

As most developed countries Norway has an ageing population meaning that the number of pensioners is predicted to grow rapidly over the coming years. As a consequence the Norwegian pension system will not be able to provide for these future pensioners. Meanwhile, a rising number of early retirees and disability pension claimants is diminishing the real retirement age. Also the individual pension amount is growing while the pension system itself reaches maturity. In short, major reforms are needed in the Norwegian pension system.

Split-screen innebär att filmduken är uppdelad i flera delar. Uppsatsen behandlarfilmer där subjektiva upplevelser beskrivs med hjälp av split-screen. Det är ett berättande utifrån en karaktär. En subjektiv upplevelse kan vara en dröm, en hallinucation, ett minne, eller förnimmelse. Split-screen har funnits sen filmens begynnelse och haft sina glansdagar på bland annat 1910-talet och 1970-talet.

Titel: En regulativ reforms vandring mellan olika kontexter:revisionskommittéer på ?resande fot?.Bakgrund: Allt fler länder väljer att implementera olika regulativa reformer inom corporate governance från andra länder, oftast från de anglosaxiska. En regulativ reform kan vara en riktlinje, en bestämmelse eller förordning. Då det har påvisats tydliga skillnader mellan olika länders corporate governance system, kan det ifrågasättas om det verkligen fungerar attöverföra regulativa reformer bara för att de har visat sig fungera bra i ettannat land.Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att beskriva och förklara vad som händer meden regulativ reform då den införs i en ny kultur och affärskontext. Som exempel på en regulativ reform har vi i vårt fall studerat införandet av revisionskommitteer i svensk kontext.Metod: För att komma fram till vad som kan hända med en implementeradregulativ reform i en ny kultur och affärskontext, har vi valt att titta närmare på implementeringen av revisionskommittéer i Sverige.Slutsats: Vi har kommit fram till att en regulativ reform som kommer från en annan kultur och affärskontext kommer att omtolkas då den överförs till en ny kontext.

The purpose of the paper is to examine the state of law concerning taxation of Swedish poker winnings. The main findings are: Poker is seen as a random and adventurous game. Poker is thereby considered a lottery. Swedish poker winnings are thereby not taxed as income. Foreign poker winnings are taxed as income.