Swedish sawmills of today suffer from unsatisfying economy with high costs and low benefits. The economical result depends on how well the sawmill can use their raw material. Iggesund Timber AB, a sawmill in the Holmen group, produces a large amount is enduse orientated products for the woodworking industry. Therefore the aim of this student thesis was to investigate the possibility of automatic enduse orientated quality grading of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) saw logs by using a gamma-ray log scanner. Iggesund Timber AB has the possibility to grade logs automatically with TINA, a two way gamma-ray log scanner. Grading and classification of Scots Pine logs in Sweden today are mainly manual but can in some rare cases be automatic.

ECG-Screening for young elite athletesAbstractBackgroundSudden cardiac death (SCD) during physical activity is a frightening and emotional tragedy that draws huge media attentions when it occurs. Fortunately it is a relatively uncommon occurrence but happens nonetheless to young athletes who often seems to be in perfect health. SCD is used as a term for sudden unexpected complications on the cardiovascular system that leads to a deadly outcome normally within the first hour of onset of symptoms and the cause is some sort of underlying cardiovascular disease that gets triggered by physical activity.Normally athletes gets divided into two groups dependent on age, over and under 35 years, and this studies focus is on the younger group since it is often during this period athletes are at the elite level. It is also in this category the most unexpected sudden deaths occur that is not due to coronary atherosclerosis, which is the dominant cause of death, and drastically increases, for people over 35 years old.AimThe aim of this study was to scientific and unbiased analyze peer-reviewed clinical articles todescribe the pros, cons and cost to implement an ECG-screening as a standard before physicalactivities for specifically defined elite athletes.MethodA systematic review was performed and after all data collection 21 articles was chosen to beused as a base for both background and analyze. At the end 10 articles was fulfilling the criteria to be used at the analyze and later the results.ResultsThe implementation of ECG-screening has reduced SCD in Italy by 89 % between the years 1979-2004.

Scholarly research on comical popular theatre is rare in the Swedish context even though the genre has attracted large audiences throughout the 20th century. Nils Poppe is one of the greatest Swedish actors in the comical genre and he is famous for his playful acting style. With my Master?s dissertation I aim to shed some light on both the genre and this great actor. Another aim of this Master?s dissertation is to gain understanding of what causes the audience?s laughter experiencing Nils Poppe?s comical acting.

This master thesis is about the collaboration between the custom dairy heifer grower and thedairy producer.The custom dairy heifer grower is a rather unusual strategy of reproductive management inSweden compared to other countries like U.S. and Denmark where the specialization withindairy production gone much further. In these countries the research also has reached muchfurther within this type of industry. However in Sweden there has been research made in thearea of collaboration, but then only within collaborations in the industries of crop production,dairy production and pork meat.The down going trend of profitability within dairy production together with poor profitabilityin the beef industry could partly remedy if more collaborations around heifer contractingwould arise. But since the industry still is of a rare kind in Sweden the knowledge about howthese types of collaborative arrangements works and their contracts are put together is poor.By that the aim of this master thesis is formulated as follows: "how is usually thecollaborative arrangement between the dairy producer and custom dairy heifer growerdesigned".

In order to understand the human impact on today?s remaining ?virgin? forest and to develop sensible management strategies for future reserves, it is necessary to know how these forests have developed. This knowledge can be gained by using forest history analysis. here are large areas of forests still untouched by modern forestry in the mountainous region in the county of Norrbotten. These forests are highly interesting study objects from an ecological and historical point of view.

I uppsatsen undersöks bildens betydelse för den svenska utvandringen till Amerika vid 1900-talets början. Utgångspunkten är i Västernorrland och en analys av Örnsköldsviks Allehanda,Allers Familj-Journal och Hvita Stjern-Liniens rederibroschyr. Under antagandet att varjebild fick ett större nyhetsvärde i en mer bildfattig kultur än den vi har idag och sparades underen längre tid är syftet att undersöka den blivande emigrantens bildvärld och världsbild. Frågorsom behandlas är: I vilket källmaterial förekom bilder, vilken funktion fyllde de och vilkenkunskap om Amerika kan den blivande emigranten tänkas ha haft? Vidare behandlasemigrantens bildbiografi, emigrationsbildens ontologi och bilden som emigrationspåverkandefaktor.

Vi som a?r fo?rfattare a?r ba?da fo?dda och uppvuxna i eller runt omkring Falkenberg. Vi har pa? sa? vis av erfarenhet sett och under va?ra a?r pa? studie- och yrkesva?gledarutbildningen analyserat Falkenbergs ungdomars kulturella upplevelser och fo?rha?llningssa?tt gentemot att flytta ifra?n hemstaden fo?r sa?va?l studier som arbete. Fo?r ett a?r sedan skrev vi va?r B-uppsats med fokus pa? ungdomar i Falkenbergs tankar om ett liv utanfo?r hemstaden.

A high amount of dead wood is one of the most important prerequisites for high biodiversity on forest land in Sweden. Dead wood is most abundant in young forests, thinned forests, woodland key habitats and protected forest land. In old-growth forests most of the dead wood consists of logs and snags, whilst in managed forests a huge proportion of dead wood is made up of logging residues like stumps and FWD, fine woody debris (< 10 cm diameter). All these different types of dead wood may serve as substrates for epixylic bryophytes and lichens. However, few studies have been conducted on the relative importance of these different fractions of dead wood for the occurrence of bryophytes and lichens, especially when considering dead wood on thinned forest land.

Samverkan mellan kommuner a?r na?got som varit en aktuell fra?ga fo?r svenska myndigheter under en la?ngre tid. Mer specifikt har en tydlig o?kning identifierats sedan kommunallagen tra?dde i kraft 1991 och samverkansformen visade sig mo?ta reella politiska behov pa? ett positivt sa?tt. Samtidigt har offentliga organisationer de senaste 15 a?ren ga?tt fra?n att fo?respra?ka skyddandet av information till att bli mer o?ppna och utbyta information o?ver organisatoriska gra?nser.Denna kvalitativa fallstudie underso?ker informationssa?kerhet i en interorganisatorisk samverkan mellan svenska kommuner.

Vilka var de viktigaste faktorerna till att fyra individer lyckades bryta med sin kriminella bakgrund? Samtliga informanter studien bygger pa? a?r medlemmar i en organisation som hja?lper individer med en bakgrund kantad av kriminalitet och droger tillbaka ut i det konventionella samha?llet. Informanterna valdes ut genom en kombination av sno?bollsurval och bekva?mlighetsurval. Studien baseras pa? narrativa djupintervjuer samt deltagande observationer.

BakgrundI Sverige a?r bro?stcancer den vanligaste cancertypen bland kvinnor. Var fja?rde kvinna som har fa?tt diagnosen do?r. Den vanligaste behandlingsmetoden a?r kirurgi, antingen att man tar bort en bit av bro?stet eller att man tar bort hela bro?stet, sa? kallad mastektomi.

Insufficient intake of vegetables is a reason for micronutrient deficiencies and malnutrition in developing countries. With urbanization, globalization and a growing world population it is of major importance to secure sufficient food supply for the world?s population. Part of the solution to increased food security among the world?s poor could be the introduction of vegetable home gardens, plots for small scale vegetable production which can provide households with sufficient vegetables as well as serve as an extra income source. The study Improving peri-urban home gardens aims at examining the existence of vegetable home gardens in the peri-urban areas of Hyderabad, India.

Vilka var de viktigaste faktorerna till att fyra individer lyckades bryta med sin kriminella bakgrund? Samtliga informanter studien bygger pa? a?r medlemmar i en organisation som hja?lper individer med en bakgrund kantad av kriminalitet och droger tillbaka ut i det konventionella samha?llet. Informanterna valdes ut genom en kombination av sno?bollsurval och bekva?mlighetsurval. Studien baseras pa? narrativa djupintervjuer samt deltagande observationer.

Skolverket (2009:5) har i sin alarmerande rapport kommit fram till att resultaten i svensk skola dalar kraftigt. Ma?nga elever na?r inte godka?nda ma?l na?r de la?mnar grundskolan. Anledningen till varfo?r det ser ut sa? a?r sja?lvklart ma?ngfacetterad, men jag funderar pa? om en anledning kan vara att elever idag kanske fa?tt en annan insta?llning till skolga?ng och utbildning.

The business mission of Norra Skogsägarna is to achieve a profitable forestry for the private forest owners. With this as a background it is of interest for the forest owner association to know how forest owners think about voluntary retentions, the methods of increasing production and quality and if there are differences between those who have chosen to certify their forest and those who haven?t. This kind of knowledge is of importance, to in an effectively and adjusted way, help the forest owners achieve a profitable forestry. The objective of this master thesis is to increase knowledge about private forest owners? opinions of the methods of increasing production and quality and to what extent these methods are used.