The purpose of this study is to investigate the teaching of literacy in two schools in different countries, South Africa and Sweden. The basis for the comparison was the decline of the two countries in the international PIRLS assessment. The aim of this essay was thus to identify possible similarities or differences between the two countries, possibly contributing to the decline in the literacy level of young students. The study was conducted by interviewing teachers of young children in South Africa and Sweden about their views on teaching literacy. The research shows that there are several factors contributing both positively and negatively to the literacy of young children.

The school is under constant change and school reform on the conveyor belt. In 2009 the Swedish government introduced new directives for the elementaryschool, including multi-national sample, written testimonials from grade one and grade with several grades rose from grade six. The purpose of this study is to examine currently active primary teacher perceptions of the pupils' learning and development might be affected by those earlier and clearer knowledge assessments, and how teachers perceive this reform on the basis of the Swedish school's motto "a school for all". The study was carried out with a phenomenological approach where the method has been depth interviews with five active primary teachers from grades one to six in a school. The results show that teachers perceive that the earlier and clearer assessments will affect students differently according to student performance and knowledge.

This study aimed to explore the perceived role and mandate of civil servants employed in municipalities in Kronoberg county. The study aimed to answer the question whether civil servants engaged in municipal economics have different perspectives on their mandate and role based on how said civil servants implement and manage policy tools available in Swedish municipalities. The study aimed to through policy tools theory explain how civil servants through four categories view the policy tools employed in the municipality. The study is based on the reasoning that policy tools influences exercise of authority that in turn influences view on policy tools. In order to study civil servants perspective on perceived mandate and role interviews were conducted with a sample of civil servants from each of the eight municipalities in Kronoberg county.

This thesis investigates how Ericsson AB should do to achieve fast and secure handover when roaming in a WLAN. It also provides a security analysis of the system that the wireless access point is part of. The reason for this is that Ericsson is selling an access point called the ABS 2200 aimed at the public hotspot market. The premise was that they wanted a standardized way of handling the roaming issue. At the outset the 802.11F standard looked like a good alternative (in fact the only standardized alternative).

Practitioners of financial statement analysis are dependent on key ratios in a multiple number of situations, one in particular being equity valuation. A lack of historical benchmarks, and knowledge regarding the time series behaviour of such ratios, has been identified regarding Swedish companies. Therefore, this study sets out to provide such data and knowledge. Companies listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange are examined over the period 1979-2009 where the sample is divided into nine industry groups. Historical values for eight common key ratios are documented with regards to median, mean, standard deviation and percentiles.

The Nasometer is a non-invasive acoustic measuring instrument that quantifies the ratio ofnasal resonance in speech. It can be used as a complement to perceptual judgment of speech impediments, for example, in patients with cleft palate and velopharyngeal insufficiency. Inorder to determine if a nasalance score is abnormal, it must be compared to norm data. The main purpose of the study was to collect reference nasalance scores in children between fourand five years of age in Linköping. An additional objective was to compare the results tonorm data collected in Umeå.

A common form of communication within Facebook is the communication between users via status updates. If you write a status update all your friends have the opportunity to read and to respond to the update. The overall issue of this survey is: how are Facebook users to commu- nicate with status updates?  The survey aims to gain insight and greater understanding of communication patterns and user awareness of social contexts when they write status  updates. The study will act as an attempt to understand a small part of a complex interaction taking place in a social situation.

Sisyla is a joint project between the counties of Skåne, Blekinge, Jönköping, Kronobergand Kalmar in Sweden. A geographic database has been built with the aim to study theservice situation of the area. The main purpose of this thesis is to find a method toinvestigate the quality of the Sisyla database and to apply it. The method is adjusted tothe standard ISO 19114. The agreement between the database and reality was studied ina test sample.

The purpose of this paper is to examine how the revised Planning and Building Act (SFS 2010:900) have influenced the comprehensive planning in Swedish municipalities. A focus is directed at examining how the new law regulates a greater consideration to climate aspects and the what consequences this results in regarding the implementation of the law in Swedish municipalities comprehensive plans.The paper is a case study, containing both quantitative and qualitative methods. The case study is based on three municipal comprehensive plans. Based on quantitative material three municipalities have been selected to constitute the sample of this study. These municipalities are A?lvsbyn, Sollentuna and Olofstro?m.

En elementär beståndsdel av en fungerande marknad är tillförlitlig finansiell information. Ämnet Earnings Management består av olika teorier och metoder för att mäta manipulationer av den finansiella informationen som redovisas av bolag. Anledningen till manipulationer beror bland annat på agentproblemet mellan bolag och intressenter. Bolag (eller tillämparen) har incitament att vilseleda sina intressenter genom redovisningen för att nå fördelar. Ett sätt att motverka agentproblemet och kvalitetssäkra redovisningen är att låta en revisor genomföra revision på bolagets räkenskaper.

Den första process som möter den akutsökande patienten på en akutmottagning är triaget, vars syfte är att bedöma patientens medicinska tillstånd. Att hänvisa en akutsökande patient till annan vårdnivå är ett komplext beslut, som ska fattas med kunskap, erfarenhet och med respekt för den enskilda patienten. Syftet med studien var att beskriva sjuksköterskornas upplevelse i hänvisningssituationen av akutsökande patienter, med Triagehandboken som beslutstöd. Metoden var kvalitativ med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Åtta sjuksköterskor på en akutmottagning i södra Sverige inkluderades i studien.

Abstract Thou there are much written about management, are there, according to Mintzberg no simple definitions regarding how managers should operate towards other co-workers or employees. This essay outlines a perspective for study of managers, from an employees point of view. The study was preformed at one private company, and the empirical data was gathered from five employees. The methodological approach contained qualitative methods based on semi-structured interviews. By using this method, a deeper understanding regarding the questions was desired.

Adolescence is a turbulent time in life and gives rise to new information needs for young people. Information needs related to school subjects have been relatively well researched but few studies have focused on information needs and use related to life concerns. The purpose of this Master's thesis is to examine the information needs of a number of teenage girls in relation to their life concerns and how they meet these needs. The sample consists of twenty-one girls aged thirteen and fourteen. The research is based on literature studies and qualitative interviews combined with a questionnaire.

Abstract P. Hed. (2011) What is health for men? Bachelor thesis. Gävle: University of Gävle, Faculty of health and occupational studies; 2011.

With the new generation of smartphones the boundaries for what is a mobile phone and whatis a computer becomes more subtle. 2009 the shipment of smartphones with touchscreen morethan double the 2008 figure and the total amount of smartphones is now over 10 % of the totalworldwide shipments of mobile phones. There?s still one problem to solve and that is the lackof web content specifically adapted for smartphones.The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze from a user and usability perspective howto make a successful migration and design of a user interface for an existing web basedsystem so that it also fit smartphones.The paper starts with a theoretical reference material containing examples of differentapproaches for design and migration of an interface.A case study is performed and prototypes are designed with support from guidelines andrecommendations in the theory part.The conclusion stipulates that in the present situation there are no shortcuts when it comes tomigration of an existing web based system for the mobile web. The recommendation is aspecific interface for each different unit that are going to interact with the system.Research that analyzes differences between all mobile web browsers would be of greatinterest, a research that hopefully leads to guidelines for what level of mobile web standardthey should at least support.