Abstract. Studiens syfte var att undersöka om människan är formad med det Karismatiska ledarskapet redan från tidig ålder. Då egenskaper är svåra att studera, som också litteraturen beskriver, så valdes mönster som är karateristiska för det karismatiska ledarskapet ut, som exempelvis; stark utstrålning, stor kommunikations förmåga, en ledare för gruppen. Dessa mönster valdes att studeras genom observation av en klass där barnen var i sju års ålder. Av datainsamlingen gjordes an analys och tolkning och av detta framkom ett resultat som i sig visade på att det fanns mönster och beteenden karakteristiska för karismatiskt ledarskap hos vissa av barnen. Barnen hade olika mycket av mönsterna men det visade sig ändock tydligt vilka som var av det karismatiska ledarskapet och som kamraterna lät sig ledas av.

Based upon theories founded on social constructionism, and criticism raised against these theories, this study aims to present a more complex perspective on non-heterosexuality from what has earlier been presented in Swedish lesbian, gay, bisexuality and transsexuality research. Fourteen semi-structured interviews with non-heterosexual women were analyzed using a discourse analytic approach. Four discourses about sexuality were described: "definition, preferably as either-or (heterosexual or homo-sexual)", "normality", "sexuality as constant and unchangeable", "sexuality as homogenous". Different ways of relating to and challenging the positions offered through these discourses were discussed. In conclusion, the study discussed which implications these findings have for psychologists working with non-heterosexual women, and how discursive positioning can be understood from within a psychological framework..

Syftet med denna studie var att jämföra samhälls-och beteendevetarprogrammet (n=70) och psykologprogrammet (n=70) i akademisk stress och strategier för att hantera stress. Deltagarna bestod utav universitetsstudenter och mätinstrumentet för studien var en enkätundersökning med skalorna ?Akademisk stress?, ?kognitiv coping-strategi?, ?Social support?, ?Sociala kontakter? och ?positiva-och negativa coping-strategier?. Det visade sig att det inte fanns någon skillnad mellan studenter från samhälls-och beteendevetarprogrammet och studenter från psykologprogrammet i hur akademisk stressade det var. Det fanns inget signifikant samband mellan programmens sociala stöd, sociala kontakter, kognitiva coping-strategier eller sättet att hantera positiva och negativa coping-strategi på.

It is easy to see that oil has a big part in our economy, by looking at the repeated news from the media and at the stock market, where they follow the oil price very closely. Behavioral finance is about investors making small or big mistakes in the stock market. Behavioral finance describes the importance of understanding your own faults, as well as others investor?s faults. Behavioral finance emphases the importance of not assuming that the financial market is a flawless environment, but to understand the psychology behind investment decisions.

Syftet med denna studie var att försöka hitta ett svar på om inre och/eller yttre motivation var faktorer som bidrog till att individer stannar kvar hos samma arbetsgivare under en längre tid. Undersökningen gjordes på ett industriföretag där testpersonerna, som var 81 stycken, delades upp i tre grupper beroende på längden av sin anställningstid, och fick svara på en enkät med påståenden om motivation. Undersökningen utgick från Self Determination Theory (SDT) som bygger på tanken att beteenden som styrs av inre motivation har större chans att upprätthållas än de som styrs av yttre motivation. Detta är intressant för vår undersökning då vi vill se om det finns ett samband mellan motivation och anställningstid. En longitudinell studie påbörjades för att i förlängningen få svar på om motivation är något som finns från början av anställningen eller något som kommer med tiden.

The purpose of this paper is to try to get an understanding of the underlying causes and reasons that students starting in seventh grade junior high school seek out a particular group, and the extent to which they do so.The work is based on the questions: How do students perceive the meeting with their prospective bench-companion in a new composite class? What should a teacher consider when it comes to bench placement in a new composite class? Do the students change, and if so to what extent, friends when they start high school? What are the factors that affect/have affected the students' choice of friends? How large a role does the school play for pupils relationships? What thoughts and feelings do the students have regarding new encounters?I have conducted in-depth interviews with six adolescents in grade seven as the basis for the understanding of how students relate to group selection and group affiliation, and I have then compared this material with previous research on the subject. Furthermore I have availed myself of literature in social- and group psychology.The conclusion which has emerged is that the most important component of a group-process is the sense of solidarity and security, and the results show that students largely retain their old relationships rather than adding new, when they start high school. Hence the teacher plays an important role in ensuring that any imbalance in the group is offset and make sure that nobody is excluded, but also to help make room for new groups and be aware of the sensitive and responsive phase of life that the young people are in..

Dagens organisationer utvecklas mot en allt mer digitaliserad framtid präglad av ledarskap förmedlat via digitala medier. Frågan om vilka egenskaper samt beteenden kommer att få större betydelse för ledarskapet i relation till digitaliseringen, blir av allt större betydelse i och med den allt större användningen av digitala medier mellan ledare och anställda. Syftet med studien var att undersöka de tre olika ledarskapsstilarna personal-, produkt- och förändringsinriktad i relation till användning av digitala medier, utifrån de anställdas uppfattningar. De 25 deltagarna var anställda inom privata organisationer med största del kontorsrelaterade arbetsuppgifter. Genom en webbenkät studerades sambandet mellan ledarskapsstil, användning av digitala medier samt anställdas uppfattning av ledarskap.

Abstract Thou there are much written about management, are there, according to Mintzberg no simple definitions regarding how managers should operate towards other co-workers or employees. This essay outlines a perspective for study of managers, from an employees point of view. The study was preformed at one private company, and the empirical data was gathered from five employees. The methodological approach contained qualitative methods based on semi-structured interviews. By using this method, a deeper understanding regarding the questions was desired.

Adolescence is a turbulent time in life and gives rise to new information needs for young people. Information needs related to school subjects have been relatively well researched but few studies have focused on information needs and use related to life concerns. The purpose of this Master's thesis is to examine the information needs of a number of teenage girls in relation to their life concerns and how they meet these needs. The sample consists of twenty-one girls aged thirteen and fourteen. The research is based on literature studies and qualitative interviews combined with a questionnaire.

Tidigare studier har indikerat att extroverta personer använder mobiltelefoni mer än vad introverta personer gör (Inyang et al. 2010). En enkätstudie genomfördes för att testa sambandet mellan personlighetstyp och huruvida en frekvenspreferens gällande brukandet av mobiltelefoni eller portabelt ljud förelåg. Hundra stycken deltagare svarade på enkäten som bestod av tre delar. Fyra hypoteser var formulerade; extroverta förutspåddes vara flitigare brukare av mobiltelefon än introverta, medan introverta förutspåddes vara flitigare i brukandet av portabelt ljud.

Förmågan att kunna göra adekvata säkerhetsbedömningar i olika arbetsrelaterade situationer vid en säkerhetsklassad anstalt (Klass A, B och C) är av yttersta vikt för personalen som arbe-tar vid dessa. Arbetet har främst syftat till att undersöka hur personalens upplevda psykosocia-la stress påverkar deras förmåga att göra en säkerhetsmässig adekvat bedömning vid en stress-fylld situation, detta även satt i relation till rent demografiska faktorer. Inledningsvis så utför-des en pilotstudie vid en C-anstalt. Enkäten sändes sedan ut till respondenterna vilka utgjordes av vårdare på anstalterna med nämnda säkerhetsklasser. I enkäten förekom några kortfattade beskrivningar av steg i en händelseutveckling som enligt litteraturen är typiska för en person som kan komma att suicidera, och deltagarna ombads skatta rimligheten i de åtgärder som vidtogs.Resultatet av undersökningen pekade på att en demografisk faktor som hög ålder kan öka den upplevda psykosociala stressen.

The aim with this masters thesis is to investigate how gender is presented in Swedish picture books, in order to give librarians and other actors in the field knowledge about what kind of books they supply impressionable children with. I investigate if and how the changes concerning gender-equality in the Swedish society during the last 25 years are reflected in childrens literature, and compare how men and women are portrayed in four books from the early 1980s with four books from the 2000s. My study is delimited to three aspects of character formation, introduced by Maria Nikolajeva: description of psychology, actions and relations to other characters. It is carried through by consultation of Yvonne Hirdmans theory of how men and women are held apart and that the man in this relation constitutes the norm as well as Nikolajevas list of typical male and female characteristics. By reading and interpreting the chosen books, I analyse both text and pictures.

The purpose of this master thesis is to investigate the understanding of children's librari-ans regarding children's needs and preconditions in a library context and based on devel-opmental psychology and information seeking theories. The children's perspective is said to be the guiding star in the children's library and the thesis also aims to study the chil-dren's perspective as defined by children's librarians.The master thesis is a qualitative study based on interviews with children's librarians working at major public libraries. Observations of the children's libraries in the study have to some extent been performed.The study reveals that children's librarians are fairly knowledgeable about children but do not to a full extent use that knowledge into adapting the library to children and their needs. The children are not contributing to the adaptation of the library to any extent as there are few routines for that matter. In society in general children are on a regular basis represented by adults and their perspective on children and children's needs, which may differ from the perspective children have on their own lives, and the same is applicable for the children's library.

Due to better nutrition, veterinary and overall care, pet dogs? lifespan has increased. With more old dogs we see more health problems associated with age, among those cognitive decline, leading to deficits in learning and memory, disorientation, anxiety and other altered behaviors. Cognitive decline can have severe negative impacts on the life of both dog and owner, when the dog for example forgets being housetrained or starts being awake at night. Two pet food manufacturers have developed food with specific ingredients in order to improve cognitive functions or delay the onset of cognitive impairment. Hill?s Pet Nutrition has developed a dog food with supplements of a broad spectrum of antioxidants and mitochondrial nutrients, aiming to diminish oxidative damage in the brain, thereby maintaining brain function and improving learning ability.

The aim of the study is to get a better understanding of leader's reactions in a crisis situation, and to examine whether locus of control and coping strategies can be related to leaders need for social support. The role of a leader in a crisis situation is complex and includes several aspects which must be illustrated to understand the leader's situation. Four leaders have participated in the study. The methods that have been used are questionnaires for measuring locus of control and coping and semi-structured interviews. The results show that search for social support cannot be seen as an outcome of a specific locus of control or coping strategy.