Due to globalization, decentralization and the capitalist system's need to physical location cities have become increasingly important economic spheres during thee last decades. City mayors are seen as increasingly important actors, who can shape the future economic development of their cities through networking with businesses and strategic policy development. Therefore several European countries have introduced mayor reforms to enable mayors to take a bigger responsibility for the local development. These reforms raise interesting questions concerning what leadership changes they produce at the local level and if there is a difference between local leaders and leadership in different countries. This paper further explores the connection between the local leader and the locality since this relationship often has been neglect in studies concerning mayor reforms.

Aim: To investigate if physical exercise in combination with coaching will reduce pain and improve knee function in patients with mild to moderate osteoarthritis in the knee compared to physical exercise alone.Method: The study consisted of 42 patients who were randomized to either an intervention group or a control group. Both groups followed a standardized training program at home, but the intervention group received additional support with regard to the aim of their training, as well as extra coaching during the training period of ten weeks. A Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the patients? pain. A 10 metre walking test, the Index of Muscle Function (IMF) and the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) were also used to evaluate knee function.

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a common disorder in the western world. A majority of those afflicted by a first acute episode is at high risk of developing sub-acute or persistent symptoms. Persistent LBP can be caused by pathological changes in the discs and disturbed neuromuscular activation, which can cause hypotrophy of the extensors strong type-2 muscle fibres. Deadlift (DL) is an exercise that may correct all these pathological transformations. Aim: To investigate the effect of DL-training on patients with persistent LBP.

The effects of social media usage in a professional context, specifically the effects on social media usage in relation to leadership have been studied in order to determine weather or not usage can be productive for leadership in general. The study concludes that there are several benefits as well as drawbacks to leadership in using social media, but has yet to conclude weather productive or not. This study gives an overview of a relatively unexplored subject.Leadership in terms of leader, communication and group dynamics have been defined and explained in accordance with existing literature. A  brief review of computer and Internet history attempts to explain the formation and evolution of social media. Risks in terms of risks related to leadership and risks related to IT-security are taken into consideration and have been briefly explained.

The effects of social media usage in a professional context, specifically the effects on social media usage in relation to leadership have been studied in order to determine weather or not usage can be productive for leadership in general. The study concludes that there are several benefits as well as drawbacks to leadership in using social media, but has yet to conclude weather productive or not. This study gives an overview of a relatively unexplored subject.Leadership in terms of leader, communication and group dynamics have been defined and explained in accordance with existing literature. A  brief review of computer and Internet history attempts to explain the formation and evolution of social media. Risks in terms of risks related to leadership and risks related to IT-security are taken into consideration and have been briefly explained.

AbstraktTransformativt ledarskap och empowering ledarskap undersöktes i en kvantitativ studie där 89 medarbetare vid ett större skogsföretag i Sundsvall besvarade en enkät och skattade sina chefers ledarskapsbeteende. En principal komponentanalys visade stöd för att det var två olika typer av ledarskap, och multipla hierarkiska regressionsanalyser visade stöd för att effekterna av transformativt ledarskap och empowering ledarskap var ledarskapseffektivitet och tillfredställelse med arbetsledningen. Resultatet av studien överensstämde väl med tidigare internationell ledarskapsforskning och indikerar att det går att predicera vilka effekter ett ledarskap hade på medarbetarna och därmed indirekt på medarbetarnas prestationer..

AimThe aim has been to describe the goals and the pedagogic model concerning physical education in the Waldorfschool. Further purpose was to describe what the teachers focus on in there teaching roll about physical education. We have also chosen to give a picture of what other documents says about the teaching roll in booth the Waldorfschool and in the traditional municipal pedagogics. The Waldorfschool runs under Lpo 94 but they can also as other schools adapt and formulate there own curriculum after there pedagogic. That?s also why we have chosen to look at what the teachers says, about how they work and trying to achieve the goals of the curriculum in physical education.Framing of the questions? What does the teachers think affect and develop the teachingroll in the Waldorfschool?? How does literature describing the teachingroll/physical education roll in the Waldorfschool?? What does the teacher in physical education says achieve to, counter what the curriculum says about physical education in the Waldorfschool?? How does the teacher do to achieve the goals in the Lpo 94?MethodA literature research of relevant previous studies was made among others in the database Eric.Curriculum for the Waldorfschool and books about Waldorf pedagogics and the teaching roll has been studied.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness training in the treatment of chronic pain, estimate the degree of mindfulness before and after intervention, and to describe the participants experience of mindfulness training. Mindfulness is defined as moment to moment, non-judgmental awareness. After the treatment of chronic pain 16 patients were offered and nine agreed to participate in mindfulness training. The intervention group took part in an 8-week group-program. The comparison group, not randomized, was 16 former patients.

This bachelor thesis delves into the role and impact of cultural dimensions, identity and leadership on post-merger acquisition in Sweden through an in-depth analysis of two companies that have undergone acquisitions or mergers. Using an abductive method, where theories are continuously adapted based on empirical data, qualitative information was gathered through semi-structured interviews with managers and employees from the two companies. The study aimed to gather well-founded insights on how corporate cultural dimensions, identity and leadership are experienced by individuals during the merger. By examining culture, leadership and identity in three different time phases of the integrationprocess, a comprehensive understanding of the integration process was achieved. The results of the study highlight that cultural factors such as leadership, culture, and identity play a central and crucial role in mergers and acquisitions. By considering and managing employees' and leaders' identities, organizations can create a sense of coherence and continuity despite changes.

AbstractAll headmasters want to lead teachers so that the students will achieve their own goals as well as the goals of the education. The salutogenic leadership is a way to lead in the right direction. This type of leadership depends on Antonovski?s (2005) theory of Sense of coherence. The theory of Sense of coherence is built on the concepts of comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness.

Few generations have gotten as much media attention as Generation Y. Growing up in the digital age Generation Y has become very different from previous generations. An interesting topic is if this is reflected in the way Generation Y act as leaders. The purpose of this study is to describe what kind of leadership Generation Y prefers, to explore how individuals belonging to Generation Y act as leaders and finally to investigate if there is a discrepancy between these two perspectives and if so try to understand it. By reviewing existing research and conducting depth interviews with employees and managers at a Swedish bank we recognize preferences in a number of categories, which Generation Y require from leaders.

What is e-leadership and how can it be framed in a distance context? How can work motivation be understood as a correlated theme? In prior leadership research and theory it has been taken for granted that leadership occurs in a face-to-face environment, so how to study leadership in a remote context? According to recent research, e-leadership defines this leader-member relation in this new arena, and a central focus of this research has been on communication. Communication is a central theme in the remote setting because it is the only interaction arena which allows leadership to be seen and understood. By conducting a case study in a multi media organization with distance working journalists as focus group this essay aims to bring a deeper understanding of how e-leadership works and how it effects work motivation. The field of media organizations is interesting to study as distance work is not an unusual working environment for journalists, and research has indicated that work motivation needs for these highly specified creative workers are somewhat differentiated from other, for example industrial workers, which implies that motivation theories urges an update.

The essay is about pensioners who are working out at a gym. My starting point is the research program "Culture of ageing? and the theory that pensioners in the post- and late modern society conquer new potential areas. I am studying the meeting between pensioners and the gym. How the pensioners conquer the gym, relate to their training and what makes them stay after the first introduction.

In Sweden the amount of people with obesity has increased with almost 50 % during the past 20 years and is now including 500 000 people. A larger energy intake than energy consumption is today one of the most important cause of overweight and obesity that exist in the world. This requires more knowledge about healthier eating habits combined with moderate intensive exercise, exercise that is simple, effective and amusing. A god solution is a combination of fitness training and strength training, a type of circuit training. It is distinguished by a high intensive work in short periods and with a short break.

Purpose: The puspose with our essay is to investigate how an acquisition can affect leadership. We want to specialize us by analysing how a leadership and the employees in a smaller company can be affected by an acquisition by a larger organization. We also want to investigate how a good leadership should be in a small company due to an acquisition.Methodology: This essay is based on a qualitative method.Theoretical: We have used theories concerning leadership, theories about small and large organizations and theories about consequences after an acquisition. Empirical foundation: Our empirics are based on stories from our five interviews from employees and leaders in Experian.Conclusions: Consequences can appear due to an acquisition. Only mild consequences appeared in the case of Marknadsananalys.