Essay in political science, D-level by Lisa Kringsberg, spring semester 2008.Tutor: Michele Micheletti.?Civil Society in Singapore? can it make democratization possible?The third wave of democratization and the end of the cold war has together increased the interest of the civil society as an impact on democratization. Singapore is a country which is higly-developt in both the socie-economic and economic field. Dispate this Singapore has not yet achieved to become a democratic state. The purpose of this essay is to study how the civil society can affect democracy in a country.

Främre korsbandet är en av knäledens viktigaste stabiliserande strukturer. En korsbandsskada är den vanligaste ledbandsskadan som drabbar knäleden och kan i vissa fall medföra permanenta funktionsnedsättningar. Idag råder delade meningar om vilka individer som ska opereras respektive behandlas konservativt. Vid beslutet om operation finns flera faktorer att ta hänsyn till. Oavsett behandlingsval är sjukgymnastisk rehabilitering nödvändig.

The supply of uninterruptible power can be applied to many areas wherecontinuous operation is highly prioritized.The application of uninterruptible power for motor operation is facilitatedusing a frequency converter. Direct current operated frequency converters canbe applied directly to the power reserve which removes the need for additionalpower-converting.Batteries have long constituted the power reserve but advancements inthe development of ultracapacitors have created a viable substitution. Ultra-capacitors have high energy storing capabilities and can be applied to highpower applications.Maxwell is a leading manufacturing company of ultracapacitors and pro-vide different modules with built-in solutions for voltage balancing. Unevenvoltages between series-connected capacitors is a phenomenon caused by vary-ing capacitance. A configuration containing Maxwell?s 56V module is createdand constitutes the power reserve in the simulations.The discharge simulation shows a significant current that could damagethe system.

There are many kinds of joint operations and combinations of combined arms. This thesis puts its focus on Close Air Support, CAS. Throughout history there have been several cases of success, regarding these kinds of operations, but also failure. Much can be taught from organizational behaviour studies, applied on these military organisations in their cooperation with each other. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the cooperation between the Swedish army and air force to determine the functionality of their process.

Åmotfors Bruk AB (ÅBAB) has today an inefficient production of steam for the manufacturing of paper. Unpredictable energy prices and modernisation of the current equipment has been the underlying factors to invest in a thermal power plant, mainly driven by garbage. This facility will not only use the steam for paper production, it will also generate electricity through a steam turbine. Today, when a fault on the supplying line occurs which leads to disconnection of the external grid, all the support of electricity to Åmotfors Bruk (ÅB) will disappear. This will lead to major interruptions in the paper production, which will cause severe economical losses.

Bakgrund: Studier har visat sig att barns postoperativa smärta i många fall är otillräckligt behandlad och barnen upplever ofta smärta som något obehagligt och skrämmande. Barn kan påverkas negativt av smärta och de kan utveckla skadliga beteendeförändringar efter en operation på grund av otillräckligt behandlad postoperativ smärta.Syfte: Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka hur barnen, på en specifik kirurgavdelning, mår under det första dygnet efter en operation då de blivit sövda, avseende deras postoperativa smärta. Om möjligt ska grupper som har ökad risk för otillräcklig postoperativ smärtlindring försöka identifieras.Metod: En kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie baserad på ett konsekutivt urval. Deltagarna består av barn på en kirurgavdelning i åldrarna 4-16 år som alla har genomgått en operation där de blivit sövda. De har fått besvara en enkät om sin smärta ett dygn efter operation.Resultat: I studien deltog 32 barn med en medelålder på 9,25 år.

Background: Sporting events conveyed by the TV medium affect people and can give many unforgettable experiences. Sport may be synonymous with excitement and drama or just serve as entertainment. Through TV broadcasts from different sporting events, millions of televiewers all over the world have enjoyed athletic feats of extreme top class. TV broadcast sport always attracts a great number of viewers, also in Sweden. The prices of broadcasting rights to sporting events have risen strongly during the last decade, much as a consequence of the increasing competition between different TV companies both internationally and in Sweden.

 Syftet med studien var att beskriva anestesisjuksköterskors kunskaper och rutiner för positionering och mobilisering under operationer med en anestesitid över 3 timmar. Studien genomfördes som en kvantitativ enkätundersökning, med en kvalitativ aspekt. Data insamlades genom en enkät som lämnades ut till samtliga anestesisjuksköterskor på ett länssjukhus och ett länsdelssjukhus i Mellansverige. Resultatet visade att ca hälften av respondenterna önskar sig mer kunskap om vikten av positionering för att kunna förebygga skador. Anestesisjuksköterskor som ansåg sig ha tillräckliga kunskaper om positionering undersöker oftare patientens hudstatus inför en längre operation.

Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka behovet av indirekt eld och Close Air Support i militäraoperationer i bergsterräng och belysa vilka aspekter som påverkar nyttjandet av försvarsmaktensenheter och verkanssystem vid insatser i bergsmiljö. För att svara på syftet med uppsatsen har följande studiefråga ställts: Hur använde USA den grundläggande förmågan verkan för att påverka motståndaren under Operation Anaconda? Fallstudie och textanalys har använts som vetenskaplig metod och teknik för denna uppsats. Inledningsvis studerades texter om operation Anaconda och hur operationen genomfördes. Därefter studerades svenska doktriner och reglementen avseende teorier om grundläggande förmågor och hur verkan uppnås i striden.

In this thesis the aim is to explore the connection between International presence and Reconstruction of Postconflict states. The focus in this Analyse is the concept of CIMIC which is the institutional concept of Civil-Military Co-operation in International relations and a concept in Peacebuilding Theory. The cases, which are the empirical Material, is Afghanistan and Kosovo, two most-different cases.The theoretical framework is primarily consider the mechanisms successful for the Reconstruction process in general and within CIMIC in particular. This framework including both theories of State failure and International administered Territories as well as Models for Civil- Military Co-operation.The International presence in Postconflict Societies plays a big role, even thou it is very important that initiatives for rebuilding comes from the state within. The essence of CIMIC is the civil component and the military, operating in Peacebuilding and Reconstruction missions.

There are several competing views on how to best utilize air power. Following his quantitative study of air power, Robert Pape developed a theory which focuses on undermining the target state's military strategy. According to Pape it is possible to explain the outcome as a result of military vulnerability. This essay seeks to determine if Pape's theory can predict the outcome of Operation Unified Protector. By using a mixed methods approach on four hypotheses, it will be determined if the operation was a successful case of coercion, if NATO acted according to Pape's model and whether this achieved the desired effects or not. The results reveal that the theory could not successfully predict the outcome of the conflict.

This essay is a case study about the Swedish Armed Forces during the years 1988-2004; when it transformed from a force constructed to meet an invasion, to an international force with the primary mission to help subdue conflicts around the world. The essay uses texts and documents to examine what happened between these years and to find out what drove that change.By asking the questions A) ?What happened between the years 1988-2004?? and B) ?What is the difference between the Armed Forces in 1988 and in 2004??, it is possible to also ask C)?Why did the Swedish Armed Forces change??.The essay is divided into three main parts; 1) a theory-part focused on three main theories of international relations: liberalism, realism, and constructivism, 2) a historical case study examining the evolvement of the Armed Forces during these years, and 3) a conclusions section that uses thethree theories of international relations to examine why this change happened.In examining the historical period and making conclusions about the differences between these years it was also necessary to construct a scale of military power, on which the historical case study is based..

Then the language learning process and the approach in a preparatory class differs itself from a general class. The methods conducted in a preparatory class are not just focused on teaching as in a more traditional method. Achieving the objectives in a preparatory class depends on the individual student and the cohesion in the group. Students have different backgrounds and knowledge level, therefore it is extremely important that the teachers use different work methods in order to achieve and to promote the students' language development. The aim with this survey is to get the knowledge about what education methods is being used by teachers in a preparatory class.

Benchmarking is an established method of working which is often used in order to develop the quality of the organization. However, almost 70% of the organizations with benchmarking fail due to the lack of planning and structuring of the benchmarking exercise. Maintenance sections in the paper and pulp industry are one of those who have decided to conduct benchmarking. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to gain knowledge of how the maintenance sections in the paper and pulp industry deliberately structure and plan to use benchmarking as a driving force for quality development in the maintenance sections.The study is a hermeneutic case study. Telephone interviews and document analysis have been used as data acquisition methods.The results show that there is a lack of both planning and structuring in the benchmarking process, and lack of management commitment for quality improvements within industrial maintenance.

I detta arbete undersöktes och jämfördes begreppskoherens och attityd till fysik bland elever på fysik- respektive naturvetenskapsprogrammet vid gymnasieskolan Polhemskolan i Lund. Begreppskoherensen undersöktes med Force Concept Inventory som är ett omdiskuterat flervalstest från USA som ska mäta studenters begreppskoherens för kraftbegreppet inom den klassiska mekaniken. Eftersom många undersökningar visar att intresset för fysik minskar undersöktes också elevernas attityd till fysik med ett svenskt test av Likertmodell. Undersökningarna gjordes på elever som precis börjat åk 1 och på äldre elever som läst kursen Fysik A inom båda programmen. Resultatet av undersökningarna är att eleverna på fysikprogrammet har större begreppskoherens för kraftbegreppet än eleverna på naturvetenskapsprogrammet och att begreppskoherensen höjs efter Fysik A. Attityden till fysik är dessutom mer positiv på fysikprogrammet men eleverna på naturvetenskapsprogrammet har större spridning i attityd.