Objective: To study the evidence on physical activity (PA) as an effective preventive strategy for depression.Methods: A search of electronic databases was performed for articles between 2007 and 2012, both original research and review articles, concerning the link between PA and depression on children, youth and adults. Three reviews, five longitudinal and two cross sectional studies were included.Results:  PA reduced the likelihood of depression in many studies and a sedentary or inactive lifestyle increased the risks for mental health symptoms such as depression. One study showed that low PA in childhood increased the odds of depression as an adult and other studies on teenagers saw a connection and mediation between PA and self-esteem whereas physical fitness showed no mediating effect. Many of the studies and reviews point out the insecurity regarding the dose-response association and the difficulties in defining causality.Conclusion: PA might have a preventive effect on depression. Some evidence exist to support that PA in childhood prevents depression in adults.

Bakgrund: Det viktigaste för en god arbetsmiljö för anestesisjuksköterskor anses vara samarbetet med andra kollegor, men även möjlighet till personlig utveckling och utbildning. Är arbetsmiljön tillfredsställd ökar chansen för trivsel.Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka aspekter som påverkar anestesisjuksköterskanspsykosociala arbetsmiljö.Metod: Studien genomfördes på ett sjukhus i mellersta Sverige under våren 2013, där nioanestesisjuksköterskor intervjuades. Insamlad data analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys.Resultat: Ur intervjuerna framkom tre kategorier; betydelsen av en trivsam miljö, arbeta över professionsgränserna och tidspress. Det var viktigt att ha förståelse och att ha trevligt tillsammans med sina arbetskamrater. Att även kunna hjälpa varandra i arbetet ansågs betydelsefullt.

A large problem in our society is the diseases that inactivity brings to the population. The lifestyle you have in adolescence is often the same that you have in adulthood. Because of this, prevention should start in youth. The aim of this study was to investigate the experience that youths have of physical education and it?s influence in their spare-time activities.

The main purpose of this thesis is to analyse the possibilities and problems facing a privatised work injury insurance. This discussion includes the element of premium differentiation. Todays´ Swedish social insurance system is ineffectively formed. The costs have dramatically increased during the 1990´s. The Swedish government is now looking for ways to improve the efficiency of the system.

Ethanol produced from lignocellulosic biomass has the potential to become a promisingalternative to gasoline. In this work the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF)technology was applied for ethanol production from hardwood with focus on cell growth,ethanol production and contamination.The SSF was performed at PH 5.5 and 35°C for different suspended solid concentrations(8%, 10% and 12%) of pretreated birch slurry which contained 16 % total suspended solids.Two different hexose fermenting yeast strain (Ethanol Red) and pentose fermenting yeaststrain were used.Quantifying the concentration of chemical components and metabolites in the fermentationmedium demonstrated that glucose and xylose are the major fermentable sugars in the slurry.The higher load of slurry (12%) represents a higher content of carbohydrates and potentiallyhigher end concentration of ethanol. Moreover, more lactic acid is produced with the lowerload of slurry (8 % or 10 %), presumably due to a result of a less inhibitory environment forbacterial growth. In this context, acetic acid sticks out as the most important inhibitor withconcentrations of 15.2 and 12.5 and 9.7 g/l respectively in the 12 %, 10 % and 8 % (ofsuspended solids) trials. Using pentose fermenting yeast may lead to higher ethanolproduction, lower xylose uptake and lower lactic acid formation.

The aim of this literature study was to analyze how milk urea concentration is working as a measure of the nitrogen supply to rumen microbes and indicator of the environmental load. Questions included in this literature study were how to improve the dairy cattle nitrogen efficiency and what correlations there are between milk urea, nitrogen efficiency and crude protein content in the feed. Effects on the reproduction from high ration protein content are also addressed. Dairy cattle are today fed with large proportions of protein which could lead to high expenditure of feed and environmental pollutions. The nitrogen can be lost to the environment by different pathways; leaching, denitrification or by emission to the air.

The aim of this literature study was to analyze how milk urea concentration is working as a measure of the nitrogen supply to rumen microbes and indicator of the environmental load. Questions included in this literature study were how to improve the dairy cattle nitrogen efficiency and what correlations there are between milk urea, nitrogen efficiency and crude protein content in the feed. Effects on the reproduction from high ration protein content are also addressed. Dairy cattle are today fed with large proportions of protein which could lead to high expenditure of feed and environmental pollutions. The nitrogen can be lost to the environment by different pathways; leaching, denitrification or by emission to the air.

Prevention är en viktig men otillräckligt utvecklad del av sjuksköterskans omvårdnadsarbete vad gäller kvinnor i riskzonen för att utveckla osteoporos. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är därför att belysa vilka faktorer som är av betydelse i det preventiva arbetet gällande osteoporos hos kvinnor i postmenopaus. Metoden är en litteraturstudie, som genomfördes med inspiration av Goodmans modell. Till studien användes 11 vetenskapliga artiklar som granskades enligt protokoll ur Willman och Stoltz (2002). Resultatet indelades i fem teman; Kostens betydelse, Solljus som källa till vitamin D, Fysisk aktivitet, Rökningens inverkan på benmassan samt sjuksköterskans preventiva patientundervisning.

Beroendet av internet har ökat markant över de senaste tjugo åren, detta har medförtatt tjänster som tidigare tillhandahölls lokalt i fysisk form har sakta fasats ut. Samhälletsförtroende för internet och dess struktur medför vissa svagheter, som öppnar upp förattacker vilka kan överbelasta plattformar och göra företagets tjänster otillgängliga.Syftet med arbetet är att identifiera DDoS-attacker från pcap-filer och undersöka hurDRDoS-attacker skalar. Arbetet tar även upp frågeställningar om likheter och skillnadermellan attackerna som används samt huruvida de skiljer sig från legitim trafik och hurdetta kan vara ett problem när skydd eller liknande implementeras.För att besvara frågeställningarna har vi valt att göra tre experiment samt analys. De treexperiment görs i en fysisk labbmiljö där attackerna kan ske på ett kontrollerat miljö,där pcap-filer kan samlas in för analys.I arbetet påvisades att en reflektionsattack som utnyttjade DNS kunde uppnå enskalning med en faktor på 80 gånger. Det har även påvisats vilka likheter som finnsmellan de fem attacker som granskades..

This study has been made to evaluate if there is a significant difference between non-estral intact versus ovariohysterectomized queens in their production of estradiol after exogenous gonadotrophin-releasing hormone stimulation. The purpose is to find a tool, which can help to diagnose if a free-roaming queen is already ovariohysterectomized or not. There are also other situations where this tool could be useful, for example to diagnose the ovarian remnant syndrome. Previous studies in bitches have shown that GnRH-stimulation is an excellent tool to diagnose the presence of ovaries in the bitch. Eleven ovariohysterectomized and eleven intact queens have been included in this study where we have analyzed plasma estradiol and progesterone concentrations before and after a single intramuscular injection of the GnRH agonist buserelin (Receptal?).

Both the Commission and the Community Courts have on several occasions stated that a concentration that will cause the creation or strengthening of an oligopoly under certain circumstances might cause what?s referred to as a collective dominant position in the market. The concept of collective dominant position has gained a lot of criticism for being poorly defined and thereby create an uncertainty. The Commissions approach when applying the concept has also gained criticism for its lack of consistency. As a consequence of the Court of First Instances (CFI) decision in the case Airtours v.

Cirka 100 000 personer i Sverige har sjukdomen Alzheimer. Gun, Salvo och Kerstin är några av dem. Bengt Winblad och Miia Kivipelto forskar om den.Möt personerna som har en sak gemensamt: Alzheimers sjukdom..

Migrän är en återkommande, anfallsvis huvudvärk som räknas till en av de 20 mest handikappande sjukdomarna i världen. Det är sjuksköterskans ansvar att främja hälsan hos patienter med migrän genom att upplysa om sjukdomen och informera om vilka icke-farmakologiska metoder som kan verka mot migrän. Syftet med studien var att beskriva icke-farmakologiska metoder vid migränanfall hos vuxna. Litteraturstudiens resultat baserades på 13 vetenskapliga artiklar som genererade tre olika teman: akupunktur, kunskap kring utlösande faktorer samt livsstilsförändringar. Resultatet visade att akupunktur, kunskap och utbildning kring utlösande faktorer samt livsstilsförändringar är bra behandlingsalternativ i det hälsofrämjande arbetet vid migrän, då metoderna visade på signifikant minskning av migränanfall.

Hjärt- och kärlsjukdom är den främsta dödsorsaken i Sverige. Majoriteten av dem kan förebyggas med hjälp av en livsstilsförändring, men för att göra det krävs motivation. En evidensbaserad metod som används för att främja motivation och livsstilsförändringar är motiverande samtal (MI). Syftet med litteraturstudien var att utforska vilka effekter MI kunde ha i sjuksköterskans prevention av hjärt- och kärlsjukdom. Resultatet visade att MI hade en varierande, men genomgående positiv effekt i att förbättra de levnadsvanor som är kopplade till hjärt- och kärlsjukdom.

According to the national curriculum in Swedish schools, teachers have the responsibility to prevent and discourage psychological and physical harassment (Lgr 2011). This study focuses on 7 teachers with their viewpoint and understanding of bullying as a human based social problem. The teachers, as the informants, give their personal explanation on how they act, prevent and discourage bullying in their school. The research places the emphasis, based on, interviews from which teachers are telling, relating and explaining on how they say that they are preventing and discouraging bullying.The conclusion from this study is that the interviewed teachers do, from their viewpoint, understand bullying as psychological and physical harassment problem which is based on a question of interpretation in regards to the victim. The informants do place different emphasis on what causes the problem, if it is a question of the individual or of it is a problem based on the socialization between individuals.