Scrapie is an infectious neurologic disease in sheep caused by prions, corresponding to transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) in other species. The prion is presumably constituted of PrPSc, the misfolded form of the normal endogenous prion protein, PrPC, which is found in practically all cells in the body. PrPSc can induce a conformational change in PrPC and misfold it as an imprint of itself; this is how prions amplify and spread. The process of conformational change is poorly understood and there might exist intermediate forms between PrPC and PrPSc. Bioassay using mice has traditionally been the golden standard in prion studies but is limited by cost and time.

The main aim of this study is to determine whether the monastery in Ny Varberg has been used as a hospital during its active years. The second aim has been to investigate weather the buried individuals at the monastery at Ny Varberg exclusively are deceased monks. Only individuals from the monastery's active years has been included in this study. A total of 16 inhumated individuals was analysed. Both men, women and children was shown to be present, as well as wide spread of children and adults.

Objective: In recent years there has been an increasing interest within the clinical (medical) science in measuring people?s health. When estimating quality of life, present practise is to use the EQ-5D questionnaire and an index which weighs the different questions. The question is what happens if the individuals estimate there own health, would it differ from the public preferences? The aim is to make a new prediction model based on the opinion of patients and compare it to the present model based on public preferences.Method: A sample of 362 patients with unstable coronary artery disease from the Frisc II trial, valued their quality of life in the acute phase and after 3, 6 and 12 months.

ABSTRACTBackground: The incidence of type 2 diabetes is increasing worldwide. Early intervention in form of medication, advice on self-management and lifestyle changes is necessary to avoid complications. Few Swedish studies are made on the diabetes nurse?s views on promotion of self- management.Purpose: To examine the diabetes specialist nurse?s experience of promoting self-management to patients with type 2 diabetes in primary care.  Method: A qualitative explorative study where eight diabetes nurses were interviewed. The interview guide consisted of semistructed questions concerning the promotion of self-management.Results: The diabetes nurse?s role in promoting patient self-management is significant, if resources are available in the form of adequate time for the patient and good team work.

ABSTRACTMultiple sclerosis (MS) is the leading cause of adult disability inSweden. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can be used as a treatment option for patients with MS where the disease has an aggressive course. The treatment is preceded by high-dose chemotherapy which lowers the patient's immune system. It is therefore of interest to study infectious complications associated with HSCT in this patient.Aim: The purpose of this study was to identify infection problems in this population associated with HSCT, and to study differences in infectious complications between this group and patients diagnosed with lymphoma who have undergone the same treatment.Method: The study was a retrospective descriptive study with quantitative data. A medical record review was conducted.

This master thesis is a study of anaerobic thread lockers and is done in cooperation withÖhlins Racing AB, which is a Swedish manufacturer of vehicle suspensions.The suspension in vehicles is constantly exposed to high vibration levels and a suspensionunit has several screw- and cylindrical joints. As an extra safety precaution so that thecomponents in the suspension doesn?t fall apart when using the vehicle, an anaerobicthreadlocker is added in these joints. The handling of these threadlockers is not totallyharmless and could lead to allergic reactions, and therefore there are Swedish laws to limit theuse of these. However, new types of anaerobic threadlockers have recently been launched onthe marked that are not considered under this law.

Introduction: Malnutrition leads to loss of health and coexists with disease and loss of function. A good nutritional status becomes more important the older you get to maintain a good health. Studies show that it is important to identify and prevent malnutrition in its early stages. Men and women recieve different medical treatment in a number of different medical diseases. There are few studies in nursing from av gender perspective.Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of malnutrition in the elderly in Västra Götaland with focus on gender differences when it comes to prevalence and nursing interventionsMethod: A register study with av quantitative approach is conducted to answer the aim.

This survey was made during the autumn of 2002 and the beginning of 2003, on commission from the National Board of Forestry. The purpose with the survey was to gather experience and knowledge in the organisation about fencing and this was made through interviews. The ambition was also to get knowledge from people outside the organisation that have great experience of forestry and fencing. The interviews were based on questions that have been composed by the author with help from the supervisors. The questions were the same to both the personal from the National Board of Forestry and to the foresters. Interviews were also made with private landowners, gamekeepers, game researcher, the County Administrative Board, the National Road Administration, pole and net retailers and contractors. The target group for this work is the National Board of Forestry to be forwarded to persons interested in forestry with the ambition to spread knowledge about how to prevent damage on the forest by browsing animals. The deer populations are big in the south of Sweden and growing populations have increased the damage on plantations of broadleaves of the most species.

Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att ta reda på hur slöjdlärare arbetar med slöjd som ett sammanhållet ämne utifrån läroplanen. Ända sedan Läroplan för grundskolan (hädanefter Lgr 80, Skolöverstyrelsen, 1980), har slöjd varit ett sammanhållet ämne med ett betyg i slöjd. Trots detta är slöjden oftast uppdelad i två separata ämnen på schemat med två slöjdlärare med olika utbildningsinriktning som undervisar. Dessutom med två salar varav en utrustad för undervisning med textila material och en utrustad för undervisning med hårda material som trä och metall. I Läroplan för grundskolan, förskoleklassen och fritidshemmet (hädanefter Lgr 11, Skolverket, 2011a) är det stort fokus på samarbete och utifrån det har jag undersökt på vilket sätt slöjdlärare samarbetar inom ämnet slöjd. Jag har valt en kvalitativ forskningsmetod med halvstrukturerade intervjuer.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a significant vector-borne zoonotic pathogen, causing devastating encephalitis in humans. Its geographical range includes a majority of Asian countries and has also been recognized in some western Pacific areas. The main vectors of JEV are mosquitoes belonging to the genus Culex. Birds and pigs function as hosts and virus amplifiers, whereas humans are accidental hosts. Japanese encephalitis is commonly regarded as a rural disease.

Inledning/Bakgrund: Då man drabbas av sjukdom förändras livssituationen och människan står inför ett lidande. Från att ha uppfattat sig som en hel människa kan individens identitet förloras eller bli hotad.Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva hur det är leva med sjukdom som kräver långvarig kontakt med sjukvården.Metod: Studien är baserad på en kvalitativ ansats och öppna intervjuer användes för att samla in data. Intervjuerna analyserades enligt Dahlbergs beskrivning av kvalitativ analysmetod som innebär att gå från helhet i texten, till bärande delar, för att återskapa en helhet.Resultat: Att drabbas av och leva med sjukdom visade sig ha påverkan på den upplevda livsvärlden, vilket innebar en anpassning till ny situation att leva med. För att acceptera den nya livssituationen var det viktigt att ändra synen på sig själv, att inte längre se på sig själv som sjuk. I resultatet framkom det även att deltagarna var nöjda med den vård och rehabilitering de hittills fått.

Bakgrund: Medfödda hjärtfel tillhör de vanligaste missbildningarna hos levande födda barn. De stora framstegen inom hjärtkirurgin har lett till att fler barn överlever. Att få ett barn med medfött hjärtfel är väl dokumenterat som en mycket stressig upplevelse familjen. Föräldrar till hjärtsjuka barn uppvisar ett sämre välbefinnande jämfört med föräldrar till friska barn.Syfte: Att beskriva föräldrars upplevelser av att leva med ett barn med medfött hjärtfel.Metod: Allmän litteraturstudie med kvalitativ deskriptiv design och en deduktiv ansats. Katie Erikssons vårdteori om lidandet användes som teoretisk referensram.Resultat: Föräldrarna led av oro och stress i hög utsträckning och barnets hjärtsjukdom hadeen stor inverkan på hela familjens tillvaro.

Syfte: Syftet med studien var att, utifrån vetenskaplig litteratur, beskriva hur patienter med KOL upplever att livskvaliteten påverkas av sjukdomen och hur sjuksköterskor kan bidra till att bibehålla livskvaliteten hos dessa patienter samt att beskriva artiklarnas kvalitet gällande deltagare och bortfall i undersökningsgruppen.Metod: Deskriptiv litteraturstudie. Artiklarna har sökts i databasen Medline och via manuella sökningar vilket resulterade i 13 artiklar.Resultat: Patienter med KOL beskriver att oro och ångest över de fysiska begränsningarna som kommer med sjukdomen kan ha en negativ inverkan på livskvaliteten. Genom att delta i fritidsaktiviteter samt att umgås med familj och vänner höjdes välmående och livskvaliteten. Trots att de flesta patienterna var påverkade av symtom, sjukdom och oförmåga att delta i aktiviteter ansåg sig de flesta ha en god livskvalitet. För sjuksköterskan är det viktigt att inge hopp, ge stöd och stärka patienternas hanteringsförmåga.

The title of the study is: "Stories about helpful conversations - a narrative study of active processes in therapy and treatment." The purpose of this study was to examine clients' stories of what has been helpful to them in therapy / treatment. The study has been made in light of the ongoing discussion in society about the requirements for empirical studies within welfare areas. The choice to make a narrative study comes from the desire to have clients' own stories at the centre of what has been helpful in the therapeutic process. The author has interviewed and talked with four people (clients) who told us about their experiences of therapy / treatment. Narrative research methodology is based on people's life stories.