The demands for higher production yields and better quality materials from the forests are increasing globally. Tree breeding programs are directed to meet the future demands on forests. In order to capture the full benefits from the breeding programs, clonal propagation is necessary. For most conifer species, somatic embryogenesis (SE) is the only available option for large scale clonal propagation of Elite clonal material. For Norway spruce (Picea abies L.

Anläggningsbranschens anseende har påverkats negativt under en längre tid på grund av bland annat överskridna budgetramar, försenade leveranser och kvalitetsmässiga misslyckanden. Den traditionella upphandlingsmodellen med fast lägsta pris och färdiga handlingar skapar oftast en känsla av ekonomisk trygghet. Tyvärr är detta en illusion där man inkluderar diverse buffertar från olika aktörer vilket i sin tur leder till att den ekonomiska utvecklingen inom byggsektorn stannar av. Partnering är en samverkansform mellan de olika aktörerna i ett byggprojekt. Tanken är att byggherre, entreprenör, arkitekt, konstruktör, installatör och övriga parter ska samarbeta med öppen ekonomisk redovisning.

Anläggningsbranschens anseende har påverkats negativt under en längre tid på grund av bland annat överskridna budgetramar, försenade leveranser och kvalitetsmässiga misslyckanden. Den traditionella upphandlingsmodellen med fast lägsta pris och färdiga handlingar skapar oftast en känsla av ekonomisk trygghet. Tyvärr är detta en illusion där man inkluderar diverse buffertar från olika aktörer vilket i sin tur leder till att den ekonomiska utvecklingen inom byggsektorn stannar av. Partnering är en samverkansform mellan de olika aktörerna i ett byggprojekt. Tanken är att byggherre, entreprenör, arkitekt, konstruktör, installatör och övriga parter ska samarbeta med öppen ekonomisk redovisning.

The guest harbor on Utö, Utö Gästhamn, is currently using electricity for heating all of the water used in the showers and taps. Because of the large amount of visitors, especially during the summer months, the hot water usage gets very high and that is also the case for the electrical bills. During the year of 2011 the cost of electricity for Utö Gästhamn reached a total of 257 500 kr. Out of these 257 500 kr approximately 142 000 kr, 55 % of the total cost, were because of the water heating.The report is the result of a cooperation with Skärgårdsstiftelsen, the Green Islands-project and Utö Gästhamn where the mutual goal is to dimension a solar energy system, to promote the sustainable development.Initially the different techniques for the solar energy system are researched. The techniques are plane solar collectors, evacuated tube collectors, pool collectors and photovoltaic cells.

Many companies with expansion plans may eventually need to take a decision whether tomove parts of the organization abroad or not. One example is how Swedish companies? placesits production in Asia where labor is cheaper, but at the same time wants to use Swedishengineers. The communication possibilities today makes it no longer necessary to travelacross the world to have a meeting, and questions can be answered in a matter of minutes.This means that a company that is spread out over the world still can communicate betweentheir employees.When participants in a project are spread out over the world, and can?t meet in person, it iseasy for problems to appear.

This paper is a critical evaluation of the Swedish system with special mediation. The district court has the opportunity, in cases that are amenable to out-of-court settlements, to refer the dispute to special mediation. However, this is extremely rare, even though the legislature expressed a desire to increase the use of alternative dispute resolution. In 2011, a series of measures were taken to increase the use of mediation and strengthen mediation attractiveness. What effect can be inferred from these actions today, over three years after their introduction? This study analyses the main reasons offered for why mediation is not used more, and what should be done to increase the use of mediation.

This diploma work was performed at the department for radiation physics at the Health University in Linköping. Its aim was to develop a method to retrospectively quantify the absorbed dose in coral. Coral is a material which suites well as a retrospective dosimeter because when exposed to radioactivity its induced free radicals are stable in time. The number of radicals is proportional to the accumulated dose so the dose can be calculated by quantifying the radicals. Therefore, coral can tell us something about the past environment and also be used in dating purposes.A young, modern coral from the Red Sea was studied and also a fossil one which I was given from the Natural History Museum in Stockholm.

Vid sjukskrivning görs initial bedömning av arbetsförmågan oftast av den sjukskrivne själv. Det är inte alltid uppenbart på vilka grunder den enskilde individen fattar sitt beslut vid sjukskrivning. Det saknas strikta regler för skattning av arbetsförmåga och våra kunskaper om relationen mellan sjukdom och arbetsförmåga är ofullständiga. Hur den eventuella kvarvarande arbetsförmågan hanteras av medarbetaren och hans/hennes chef är av stort intresse.Syftet var att göra en strukturerad intervju av tio sjukskrivna undersköterskor och sjuksköterskor och deras AC. Intervjusvaren skulle vara underlag för att besvara följande frågeställningar: 1. Är individens egen skattning av arbetsförmågan ett hinder för att undvika sjukskrivning och alternativ arbetsuppgift?2. Är närmaste chefens skattning av individens arbetsförmåga ett hinder för att undvika sjukskrivning och alternativ arbetsuppgift?3. Vilka är de huvudsakliga skälen till att alternativ arbetsuppgift erbjöds/icke erbjöds?Endast en sjukskriven kunde inkluderas i studien.

This project is implemented as a thesis at the Royal Institute of Technology in the master?s degree program Integrated Product Design and Industrial Design Engineering. The project has involved development and efficiency of a free starter package for expectant parents with useful content consisting of useful products for both before and after childbirth. Areas that have been investigated include packaging development, service design and appropriate content for the package.During the work, theory about packaging design, materials, manufacturing techniques and logistics have been processed to base the further work on. The project process has involved competitor analysis and interviews with store owners and customer surveys, that have been conducted to identify areas for improvement of the current solution.

AbstractAim: The aim of this study was to investigate if treatment with ?dry needling? in myofascial triggerpoints (MTrPs) in the rotatorcuff muscles may affect impingement symptoms such as pain during provocative tests, shoulder mobility, and function. The research questions were: Does the value of pain change on the Visual Analog Pain Scale (VAS) between before and after treatment? Do the positive provocative tests for impingement change between before and after treatment? Does the active shoulder mobility change between before and after treatment? Does the self-rated function change between before and after treatment?Method: The study was a prospective randomized intervention study and 19 persons with impingement symptoms (mean ± standard deviation; 58 ± 18 years, and shoulder pain duration 3.9 ± 1.6 months) were randomized into two groups. The groups were tested before, directly after and 3 weeks after treatment.

The moose is a keystone species in the boreal forest ecosystem, but the dense Swedish population do cause some serious problems. From a forestry perspective, their browsing on young Scot pine (Pinus sylvestris) causes extensive losses of revenue. Adjusting the cleaning along roadsides of low trafficked forest roads can favour the production of plant species preferred by the moose. This is thought to redirect the moose´s browsing to the roadsides and thereby decrease the damages on commercial forest.The aim of this study has been to present a first evaluation of the vegetation in roadsides, one year after wildlife-adapted roadside clearing has been undertaken. In the wildlifeadapted clearing operation, the roadside was widened by removal of some trees in the forest edge whereupon a complementary clearing with a conventional chain flail was conducted.

This report is a result of a project that been conducted on System Andersson. System Andersson sells and develops MPS-systems for small and medium sized manufacturing companies. System Andersson are today located in the central parts of Jönköping and has about 20 employees. The goal for the project is to develop a new version of Andersson Qwick mps. The project has been divided into a number of smaller projects were the authors been part of the planning module project.

På Scanias motorutveckling hanteras kvalitetsbrister som uppstått hos kunder i fältkvalitetsärenden, även kallade FQ-ärenden. Komplexa FQ-ärenden hanteras av en avdelning kallad NMKB, bestående av ett tiotal uppdragsledare som leder tvärfunktionella grupper för att lösa FQ-ärenden. En del i FQ-ärenden är att bedriva rotorsaksanalys där problem analyseras och rotorsaker etableras. Tillvägagångssättet har tidigare varit ostrukturerat och subjektivt med stor inverkan från personligt tyckande, vilket har medfört felaktiga slutsatser från rotorsaksanalysen och att felaktiga lösningar implementerats i FQ-ärenden. Det har resulterat i längre ledtid för FQ-ärenden och att rotorsaksanalysen har behövt förbättras.

A study to optimize insulation thickness for stock-, industrial- and office-buildings for external walls and roof in an economical perspective has been conducted on behalf of DynaMate. DynaMate?s role is to maintain all Scania?s buildings. Analysis has also included other parts of the building envelope, such as windows, exterior doors and industrial doors. In this thesis, three different types of exterior wall constructions has been investigated, these are a sandwich design consisting of sheet metal and a another one consisting of concrete, as well as a wall of concrete with a coating of plasters.

Predicting corporate failure is an increasingly important topic in the world of economics today. This paper, with the help of the credit ranking company Syna AB, aims to investigate a few different statistic strategies to do just that. This task is accomplished by using a data material of 250 000 Swedish companies divided into two subsamples. The first sample is used to develop the model and the second as a validation sample. The model developing sample holds 160 000 companies divided into five different subgroups based on size and age.