In today?s larger companies internal auditing is a common concept. For about twenty years ago companies? use of internal auditing took a turn from having been something popular to becoming more notorious. In this thesis we examine what might have caused that turn, We do this by looking at the vision and way of working for about twenty years ago and how the view of the area is today.

This case study, ?The sense of place in a courtyard in Gothenburg?, examines whether the city planners? vision correspond to the residents? perception regarding the sense of place and the physical environment in a courtyard in Gothenburg. By carrying out a questionnaire survey, the inhabitants? perception has been explicated, which we have then compared to the total vision for the design of the courtyard that we have gathered from doing interviews with the planning executive, the developer and the landscape architect as well as reviewing the development plan. The study has shown that the vision coincides relatively well with the residents? perception, but it differenciates when it comes to social aspects.

Denna studie är en kvalitativ undersökning som syftar till att undersöka hur de anställda inom Halmstads kommun använder sig av visionen ? Halmstad 2020 och värdegrunderna den vilar på i sitt arbete. För att analysera det empiriska materialet har vi använt oss av teorier om kommunikation, värdebaserat och expressivt ledarskap, ledarskap i politiskt styrda organisationen samt Human Resources. Totalt har vi genomfört två informantintervjuer, samt tio intervjuer inom två olika förvaltningar i kommunen. Vi har även tagit del av olika dokument som har legat till grund för vår studie.

This thesis describes new methods for automatic crack detection in pavements. Cracks in pavements can be used as an early indication for the need of reparation.Automatic crack detection is preferable compared to manual inventory; the repeatability can be better, the inventory can be done at a higher speed and can be done without interruption of the traffic.The automatic and semi-automatic crack detection systems that exist today use Image Analysis methods. There are today powerful methods available in the area of Computer Vision. These methods work in higher dimensions with greater complexity and generate measures of local signal properties, while Image Analyses methods for crack detection use morphological operations on binary images.Methods for digitalizing video data on VHS-cassettes and stitching images from nearby frames have been developed.Four methods for crack detection have been evaluated, and two of them have been used to form a crack detection and classification program implemented in the calculation program Matlab.One image set was used during the implementation and another image set was used for validation. The crack detection system did perform correct detection on 99.2 percent when analysing the images which were used during implementation.

The centre of attention in this essay is on public-private-partnerships in Swedish city planning. It discusses the phenomenon and tries to identify the problems and possibilities that may appear when private and public actors are trying to work together to plan new cities or parts of cities in a process with network structures. The main questions that is asked is ?what vision for the city can we se, and who's vision is it?? together with the question of where the actual power to make the city plan and the vision can be find. The soon-to-be-built area Ulriksdal in Stockholm were Peab AB and Solna Stad stands as main actors has been chosen to illustrate the possible problems and is analysed from different angles, but the writers intention is also to say something on the matter in general.

Konkurrensen mellan kommunerna i Sverige har ökat på grund av den ekonomiska globaliseringen, den informationsteknologiska utvecklingen och till följd av den nationella ekonomiska omstruktureringen. Idag är det inte längre inom industrisamhället som den mesta tillväxt genereras utan kunskapssamhället har fått en allt större betydelse. Luleå kommun är en kommun som antagit en vision för att få till stånd en utveckling och tillväxt. Syftet med uppsatsen är att analysera policyprocessen som ledde fram till att Vision 2010 antogs i Luleå kommun samt diskutera ifall Vision 2010 utifrån trippel helix-teorin kan vara ett medel för att skapa den önskvärda tillväxten? För att kunna besvara syftet i uppsatsen har jag ställt följande frågor: ? Vad bygger visionen på för resonemang? ? Hur har visionen tagits fram? ? Vilka intressenter står bakom framtagandet av visionen? Studien består av två delar: utvecklandet av en teoretisk modell för att kunna analysera och förstå processen samt en analys av policyprocessen kring Vision 2010 i Luleå kommun.

Climate change is the modern society?s common issue. The developed countries areconsuming more than what is sustainable, and the climate change due to the use offossil fuels can be seen clearly. EU has specified goals, in order to stop furtherdamage, which demand that every member state have to reduce its energyconsumption by 20 % before 2020 and 50 % before 2050, relative to 1995.The Swedish government uses a number of instruments to encourage reduction in theusage of energy, but every individual has to contribute to reach the goals.With increasing energy price the cost of living is going up. A lot of people are lookingfor ways to save energy and not be affected as much by the increasing price.Investments for insulation, replacement of windows and replacing old heating systemfor a new efficient heat pump is getting more and more common.This thesis is about investigating the possibilities in becoming independent from buyingenergy for households.

This study concerns the energy future of the county of Stockholm up until 2050 and describes how the energy consumption can be compared to today with the use of scenario methodology. Within energy future studies the backcasting approach is well known and has been put to use in this study. Due to the characteristics of backcasting the study is self-fulfilling, i.e. the future energy scenarios presented in this study satisfy the targets set up in this study. In the light of what may be the largest challenge of our time ? the climate change - the aim of this study is to describe how the energy consumption in a fossil fuel free Stockholm county in the year of 2050 may be.

The Swedish government has set up the overall goal that no net emissions of greenhouse gases can occur after 2050. A sub-target has been developed for road transports which states that the use of fossil fuels must be reduced with 80% to 2030 in order to be completely abolished to 2050. A public inquiry mapping how this can be achieved was handed in to the government late in 2013. The use of alternative fuels for road transport, both biofuels and electricity, is expected to give the biggest contribution to the reduction of the use of fossil fuels. The inquiry sets up a number of goals for how much the use of alternative fuels must increase to 2030 in order to reach the overall goal and which instruments that are needed in order to do so.The aim of this thesis is to evaluate how these goals can be reached and what the most likely obstacles that may hinder the reaching of these goals may be.

The aim of the study was to show whether or not there exists, and if so, to understand, a common creativity, vision and imagination of the members of Småland?s Entrepreneurial Academy?s organisation.The method used for this research is the fictive narrative collage , which consists of the collection of fictive stories. The author has also made her own additions to the method. A composer composes songs to the narratives, two artists illustrate the narratives. The research is carried out on the total population within Småland?s Entrepreneurial Academy which consists of 10 permanent members of the organisation.The theory focuses on different areas, such as creativity, vision and imagination as well as on the entrepreneur and the organisation.

Idag diskuteras ofta förankring av strategiska beslut bland de anställda och det anses vara ett av de viktigaste arbetsområdena för chefer inom näringslivet i Sverige. För att en strategi skall kunna utvecklas och bli effektivt implementerad bör företagets vision ligga till grund för strategiarbetet. I de flesta framgångsrika och stabila företag, som lyckats med det strategiska arbetet, finns en vision med fokus på framtiden. Företagsledare menar att visionen utgör en viktig del i ett företag, men trots detta är det många företagsledare som inte lyckas kommunicera visionen. Detta kan bero på att visionen har en stark innebörd för företagsledaren, men när visionen sedan kommuniceras till de anställda, som inte är lika insatta, är dock risken stor att den inte uppfattas på avsett sätt.

Den här uppsatsen uppmärksammar planerna för ombyggnaden av nya Slussen i Stockholm. Fokus i undersökningen ligger på mötesplatserna och dess deltagare enligt den vision som presenteras av Stockholms stad. Genom en kvalitativ metod granskas hur modern stadsplanering är tänkt att påverka människor som passerar och vistas vid Slussen. Analysen har ett retoriskt, semiotiskt och ideologiskt perspektiv och undersöker tre olika dokument: en publik broschyr, gällande detaljplan och gestaltningsprogram. Resultatet visar på en vision om en central plats i staden som befolkas av människor vars fritid och konsumtion är det mest väsentliga.

De kanske största och mest komplexa frågorna som människan har ställt sig rör hennes existens. Det ligger i människans natur att ifrågasätta sin omgivning och söka mening med livet. På samma sätt ställer sig människor ute på olika företag samma frågor och söker efter meningen med deras arbete. Dagens företagsklimat skapar ett stort behov för verksamheter att inrätta vision och mål för att kunna få fram en lämplig strategi för företaget. Undersökningar visar att det finns en svårighet att integrera vision och mål i företag.

Fresh water has become more and more of a scarce commodity. Water scarcity isn't first and foremost a cause of drought and wasting, but a cause of inequality and mismanagement. This is not only a problem for developing countries, and there can also be variations within countries. The municipality of Gotland has a development program called Vision Gotland 2025, with goals for growth and sustainable development. The aim of this study is to examine whether the use and management of water resources on Gotland and Vision Gotland 2025 is conformed to the Water Framework Directive and the Ecosystem Approach in terms of sustainability.

In this thesis, a case study of Kungens Kurva in Stockholm is made. The municipality of Huddinge has designated the area, which is an external shopping-center, as one of its key development areas in the future. The municipality has established a future vision for the area, which extends until 2030. The vision claims, inter alia, that Kungens Kurva along with Skärholmen will become a vibrant suburb. How well the values and aims of the vision are met in the current area situation is discussed in the case study by a number of analysis that carries out the existing structures and characters of the area.