Current research shows that the number of door openings during surgery is unjustifiably high. It is the operating room nurses task to ensure a hygienic and aseptic environment throughout the surgery with the goal of minimizing the risk of healthcare associated infection. The study aims to investigate whether the operating room nurse is attentive to the number of door openings during surgery and if the operating room nurse is attentive to the reasons behind the door openings. A pilot study with nine observations was carried out on two smaller hospitals in the region of Västra Götaland. The results showed a significant underestimation of the rated door openings compared with the actual ones.

Kinas reformer som startade 1979 genom Deng Xiaoping har lett till omfattande ekonomisk framgång i Kina. Dessa ekonomiska reformer har gått rakt emot kommunistisk ideologi och har därför fått stark inrikes kritik samtidigt som folket fått högre levnadsstandard och utländska företag investerar stort i Kina. Före reformerna hade Kina börjat se en viss uppgång i tillväxt, men var i stort behov av moderniseringar. Det första steget var att tillåta en liten privat sektor samt att öppna upp speciella ekonomiska zoner i södra Kina runt kustregionerna för att hämta in utländskt kapital samt avancerad teknologi. Kina har sedan dess haft en genomsnittlig BNP-tillväxt på 9% per år.

This thesis is set out as a testing of the crosscutting cleavages theory on twocontemporary cases. The aim is to test the explanation process of the crosscutting theory applied to the political and social situations in Belgium and Switzerland and furthermore to examine potential conflicts in pluralistic states. Our main questionis: How can the crosscutting cleavages theory explain the different outcomes ofsocial coexistence, even with the states numerous similarities? We have examined the two federal states through their social divisions of language, region, religion and socio-economy. Our findings show that both Belgium and Switzerland possess divisions in the above mentioned variables, which in most cases are cumulative structured.

Due to exploitation of the world?s rivers, the upstream migration of anadromous species is frequently delayed or even prevented. To mitigate these problems and allow fish to migrate past obstacles, structures such as fish ladders have been developed. However, recent studies show that many of the present fish passage facilities are deficient. Monitoring and evaluation of passage facilities is therefore crucial to enable necessary adjustments.

The distributioncentral of Stadium has an area of 31,6 acre and is being build in Herstadberg in the region of Norrköping. It is Mattssons Fastighetsutveckling (Mattssons Real-estate development) who also has ordered the building. They will also take care of the operation and support of the distributioncentral. Peab has got the assignment as a total contractor and it is for them I have done my degree project.I have been drawing-up a description of the goods in the distributioncenter. In the declaration a description of the goods will be found, there substance for all the materials that has been built in to the building describes.

In this paper we have chosen to work with both the background to the Library Act § 7a and followed the process of creating the library plan of Helsingborg City Library. We have tried to follow the process through the public text documents that are available. We start by giving a background to the library act and its additional § 7a. Then we give a recap of the emergence of the modern public libraries in Sweden during the last century until today. When the working group at the City Library in Helsingborg was working with the library plan, they had to take in count the strategic goals set up by Region Skåne, since Helsingborg is place in that area.

I 30 år har kvinnor funnits på militära befattningar i Försvarsmakten. Fram till för fyra år sedan hade nästan inga åtgärder vidtagits för att anpassa den personliga utrustningen till kvinnors behov. Enligt en undersökning från 2005 bidrar detta inte enbart till direkta fysiska begränsningar, utan även till sänkt självförtroende och känslor av kränkning och underordning. Sedan 2006 har Försvarsmakten och FMV arbetat med att ta fram en rad olika persedlar i mindre storlekar, och daglig dräkt har även tagits fram i dammodell. De små storlekarna har visat sig lösa delar av de problem som kvinnor har upplevt.

The purpose of this thesis is to inquire how a small town can be affected by some planned changes in the physical structure of the town, and how its inhabitants can benefit from those major changes. The town in question is Ulricehamn, and of the four projects considered, two concerns infrastructure. A new railway and a new locality for the major road, today passing through Ulricehamn. The other two projects are run by the local authorities, that is the planning of a modern town park by the lake, and a new public building for cultural purposes. There are no guarantees that any of the four projects will ever be realized, but in the process with this work, they have been considered as already a fact.

In this project I have created a design for the delivery rooms of Swedish hospitals with the psychological aspects ofbirthgiving in focus. This is something that I think the delivery rooms lack and so far it has been the midwifes job to,without any tools, give the women in labor the mental support and encouragement they need.My goal was to give the midwifes a tool to work with when it comes to encouragement, something helping themhelping the woman to feel safe and relaxed, strengthened, informed and in control of the situation.I choose to focus on the difficulties measuring the physical work the woman in labour had done and what was leftof the labour. I wanted to visualize the process of the birth, allowing the woman to see and being able to focus onwhere during the labour she is, how far she has left and also being strengthened by the amount of work already managed.Further I wanted to make the woman feel invited to take control over the birth and the room in which she isin labour. I wanted her to be able ? if she wanted ? to make her own settings of the mood in the room, deciding forherself if she wanted a more relaxed environment or perhaps a more energetic.

The aim with this study was to investigate the effects a change of manufacturing process would have on the mechanical properties of drill bits made of a WC/Co composite used for stone cutting. The method used today is sintering, where the material is heated in a conventional sintering oven. The other method was microwave sintering, where the material is heated by radiation in the microwave region. Also an investigation of the manufacturing cost were made.The main difference between the two heating methods is that the conventional way is a rather slow process and the microwave method is very fast. The material is also heated homogeniously in the method with mirowaves, aposed to the case with the conventional sintering where the material is heated from the outside in.This makes the material harder and more wear resistent.

Föreliggande rapport behandlar åsikter och inställningar om ackordslön på Peab AnläggningRegion Syd, Projekt/Infra. Synpunkter från hantverkare och tjänstemän har ställts motvarandra för att ge en objektiv bild av vad man anser om ackordslön.En förändring i anläggningsavtalet med SBAF, Svenska Byggnadsarbetareförbundet, harmedfört att den nya huvudlöneformen för anläggare ska vara ackord. Därför görs dennaundersökning för att ansvariga på personalavdelningen på Peab Anläggning Region Syd,Projekt/Infra, ska få en inblick i hur de anställda, som är involverade i produktionsfasen,uppfattar ackordslön.Undersökningen har gjorts genom enkäter och intervjuer med ett antal frågor gällandeackordslön. Frågorna har ett brett spektra och behandlar såväl arbetsförhållanden somlöneuppfattningar. De som medverkat i undersökningen har varierande erfarenheter omackord.SBAF menar att ett prestationslönesystem som ackord är det mest rättvisande och utvecklandeför hantverkarna.

Introduktion: Från och med januari 2005 ska alla noterade moderbolag inom EU ha anpassat sig till den internationella redovisningsstandarden, IFRS. Syftet med IFRS är att med hjälp av internationella regler skapa en enhetlig, integrerad och mer effektiv europeisk kapitalmarknad. I och med övergången till IFRS är EU nu världens största region med gemensamma redovisningsprinciper. Syftet med studien är att identifiera och klarlägga om merarbete har uppkommit för svenska noterade företag i och med anpassningen till de nya IFRS-standarderna samt att ge en generell bild av posten IAS 19, Ersättningar till anställda.Metod: För att uppnå syftet med vår studie har vi valt att använda oss av en kvalitativ inriktning i form av intervjuer. De fyra företagen som intervjuats finns i Jönköpingsregionen.Teoretisk referensram: Teorin presenteras i tre större avsnitt; harmonisering, IFRS samt IAS 19.

This essay discusses the development of swords in the southern region of Sweden, Skåne. It attempts to locate the areas in Europe where the swords were first made and, in doing so, trace the communication routes by which people traveled. The essay deals with aperiod of a few hundred years, from the late eighth century to sometime around 1300. In that sense, it is therefore also a time study tracing the cultural changes and developments in Skåne during the era of Christianization. Does the development of swords follow the overall changes in society, from an isolated pagan district to a Catholic European community, or not? In answering this question, eight swords were selected and put under closer observation.

The aim of this essay is to describe and analyse the legal complications that arise in connection with preliminary investigations involving several juvenile offenders, where all suspected persons have not attained the age of criminal liability. It is also intended to give a broad analysis of the concept preliminary investigation, with particular emphasis on juvenile offenders. It further analyses the legislation and legal complications on the basis of a rule of law perspective. The method previously used is court dogmatic, where in front law text, preparatory work, case law and legal doctrine have been used in order to present the existing sources relating to the subject matter of discussion. The criminal investigative bodies consider juvenile offenders are regulated under the Swedish RB 23 - 28 chapters, FUK and LUL.

The main aim was to investigate the provenance of Viking age antler material findings of moose and red deer from Sigtuna and from three sites on the island of Gotland in the Baltic sea. This was done by analysis of the stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur. Thre were never any living population of these mammals on Gotland during the Viking age.?34S-values of sulphur from this study was compared with earlier research and by studying maps of the Swedish bedrock. The ?34S-values were more like the ?34S-value for bedrock other than European granite.