Overdue cleanings have for a long time been an important topic of discussion within the forestry sector. When stands that have not been pre-commercially thinned are reaching the level of commercial thinning, many problems occur in terms of decision-making and economical outcomes. These types of stands are commonly known as conflict-stands. The work was carried out partly as an interview survey towards representatives from the forest sector and the energy sector, partly as a case study of conflict-stands situated in Böksholm, north of Växjö and in Tönnersjö east of Halmstad. The criteria for the studied stands were that they had to be dominated by Norway spruce and be in a severe status of ?conflict?. The aim of the interview was to get an overview of the situation today, and also analyse trends in terms of conflict stands.

Since the 1990?s the Swedish school system has undergone major and recurring structural reforms. Two of the most comprehensive changes has been the shift of primary schools as an integral part of the welfare state to the responsibility of the municipalities as well as the introduction of free school choice for the students. Through two months of participant observations and semi-structured interviews this thesis seeks to answer the question of how these reforms has come to effect the work of teachers in a medium sized public school in a small municipality in the outskirts of Stockholm. Earlier research has shown that public schools in socio-economically vulnerable areas are disadvantaged due to the reformation of the school system (Beach & Sernhede, 2011; Östh, Andersson, & Malmberg, 2013).

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the degree of influence of holes in the web of steel beams with long spanson weakening of their bearing capacity. Making holes in the web of the beam generally reduces the bearing capacity of the beam. However, it might be necessary seen from both an architectural perspective as well as from a building services perspective by creating an opportunity for building installations.The objective of this thesis is to examine how much an I-beam can be weakened without sacrificing safety and functionality. The investigation has been done by using Finite Element Method through commercial software.The regulation for structural design of building structures in Sweden used to be specified in the document known as BKR. But this was replaced by the European norm Eurocode back in May 2011.

Today there are many applications of digital terrain models (DTM) and the requirements of low uncertainty increases. Most of the DTM are produced with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), airborne laser scanning (ALS) and total stations. Guidelines for the preparation and verification of DTM are found in Swedish Standards Institute ? Technical Specifications (SIS-TS) 21144:2007 and SIS-TS 21145:2007. These were defined in collaboration between Swedish National Rail Administration, Banverket, and Swedish Road Administration, Vägverket, to satisfy the needs of requirement formulations in the production of DTM planning, design and construction. The purpose of this paper is to produce and control DTM over Åkermans kulle, located west of the University of Gävle, according to SIS TS 21144:2007 using GNSS with network-RTK, TLS and ALS.

SammanfattningSyftet med studien var att undersöka om det fanns någon skillnad i muskelaktivitet ivadmuskulaturen när olika eller inget vadskydd användes vid vadpress. Jämförelsegjordes mellan vadskydd (A), stickat av ett modifierat polyolefingarn och ett tillstickningen identiskt och utseende näst intill identiskt vadskydd (B) av polyamid,samt utan vadskydd.Testgruppen bestod av 13 män från militärhögskolan i Halmstad. Testpersonernagenomförde vadpress i smithmaskin* på en belastning av 50% av 1RM*.Muskelaktiviteten mättes med hjälp av sEMG* och tre mätningar per persongenomfördes. Det första utan vadskydd, andra med vadskydd A och det tredje medvadskydd B. Resultaten visade ingen signifikant skillnad i muskelaktivitet mellan användandet avvadskydd A och vadskydd B eller mellan vadskydd A och utan vadskydd.Mätmetoden sEMG är känslig och kan ha gett missvisande resultat. Fler studierbehöver göras dels angående skillnad i muskelaktivitet och dels för att testavadskyddens eventuella andra egenskaper, positiva eller negativa.

Due to an increased population in cities the need of densification of cities increases. This means that the amount of ecological elements in the city is at risk of decreasing. Ecological services contribute to the city?s climate by softening the negative impacts that densification of cities means. Thus increases the will and ambition in city planning in to preserve greenery.This is an interdisciplinary thesis within the subject of geography that studies Biotope Area Factor (BAF), a planning tool that is used in city planning with the purpose of compensating for lost ecological services associated with new housing estate.

Detta examensarbete har utförts på Sapa Heat Transfer i Finspång och har tagit upp frågan med hur den interna hanteringen av produkterna kan orsaka defekter. I arbetet har en typ av defekt undersökts särskilt och denna defekt kan ses som ett exempel. Företaget tillverkar aluminiumband till värmeväxlare, främst till fordonsindustrin. Banden levereras på rullar med en diameter upp till 1700 mm, och en bredd mellan 12 mm och 1440 mm. Syftet med detta examensarbete är undersöka en defekt som är orsakad av den interna hanteringen, det vill säga det som sker mellan produktionsstegen.

The research group Soil and Water Management at the department of Soil and Environment at theSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences in Uppsala are studying greenhouse gas emissions fromcultivated peat soils. To measure carbon dioxide emissions from peat soils in the field the researchgroup are now using two portable carbon dioxide meters (Vaisala GMP343). For practical reasons,they plan to acquire a new type of automated field meter. The aim of this study is to evaluate thepresent meters to see how environmental conditions and instrument settings affect the results,which is meant to facilitate the introduction of the new field meter when the meters needs to becompared. As a part of the study the relationship between groundwater level and carbon dioxideemissions from peat soils will be investigated.The evaluation of the two carbon dioxide meters was made by connecting them to one single airtightsystem, with the aim of creating identical measurement environments.

Sjöfarten idag är väldigt specialiserad. Det finns många aktörer som agerar inom olika delar inom sjöfarten. Många företag ägnar sig ofta bara åt en liten del av branschen t.ex. nybyggnation, drift eller försäkring av fartyg. Båtarnas konstruktion skiljer väldigt mycket beroende på vilken typ av last de är tänkta att frakta.

This is a study about the Swedish liming operation and the Swedish liming officer?s opinions of some aspects regarding ecology, economy and organization. The study objectives was motivated due to the recent changes in manuals for the assessment of limed waters and the suggested changes in decision making and decreased budget for liming. Moreover the anthropogenic acidification effects on the ecology are in many ways complex. Furthermore it was made in order to gain knowledge about the liming officer?s opinions in order to improve the ability to meet their needs regarding the assessment tools and also to investigate if other things can be improved concerning the liming operation.

Sammanfattning Titel: Balanserat styrkort ? vad skulle det kunna tillföra verksamhetsstyrningen i små och medelstora företag? Nivå: Kandidatuppsats Författare: Johan Björk                    Tommy Granath Handledare: Stig Sörling och Tomas Källquist Datum: 2014 - Maj  Problem: Tidigare forskning tyder på att verksamhetsstyrningen i små och medelstora företag kan behöva kompletteras och att ett balanserat styrkort skulle kunna vara ett lämpligt verktyg för detta. Trots det används inte ett balanserat styrkort i någon större utsträckning i små och medelstora företag vilket medfört att flertalet forskare efterlyst mer forskning kring hur ett balanserat styrkort skulle kunna påverka verksamhetsstyrningen i små och medelstora företag. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att belysa vad ett balanserat styrkort skulle kunna tillföra verksamhetsstyrningen i små och medelstora företag. Metod: Studien har genomförts med en hermeneutisk forskningsansats. En kvalitativ ansats har använts där data samlats in genom fjorton semistrukturerade intervjuer med respondenter som representerar olika företag. Dessa har sedan analyserats inom ramen för tre stycken teoretiskt framarbetade teman. Bidrag: Studien belyser att ett balanserat styrkort skulle kunna tillföra verksamhetsstyrningen i små och medelstora företag följande aspekter: helhetsbild ur fyra perspektiv, kontroll över viktiga faktorer, som verktyg för strategi implementering, komplettera budgetarbetet samt ge underlag för välgrundade beslut. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Vi har genom vår studie tagit fram två förslag på vidare studier:-       Det vore intressant med en studie som studerar vilka specifika karaktärsdrag ledare i små och medelstora företag anser att de karakteriseras av för att med den utgångspunkten resonera kring vad ett balanserat styrkort kan tillföra verksamhetsstyrningen i små och medelstora företag.-       Nästa studie som vore intressant är en studie som fokuserar på hur generation tre av ett balanserat styrkort skulle kunna anpassas för att stämma överens med de för små och medelstora företag specifika karaktärsdragen. Nyckelord: SMEs, balanserat styrkort, verksamhetsstyrning, prestationsmätning.

Measurement of plasma concentrations of natriuretic peptides have been suggested to be of diagnostic and prognostic value in canine cardiac disease. In several previous canine studies, however, a considerable overlap between investigated groups has been identified. A reliable natriuretic peptide test for use in clinical practice requires establishment of reference values for natriuretic peptides in healthy dogs and cut-off values for subclinical disease as well as for clinical signs of congestive heart failure. Numerous physiological, pathological and pharmacological factors, aside heart function, may influence concentration of natriuretic peptides. A potential effect of dog breed on natriuretic peptide concentration has been suggested but has, to our knowledge, not previously been specifically studied.

Over a long period of time, there has been a rich debate in the academic and financial world if active management can generate an excess return. Many experts say that the current active management strategies is nothing more than a money grab that produces large gains, for banks and investment firms, through high management fees while producing no excess value for the individuals buying their service. In short, an effective market makes it almost impossible for fund managers to produce value for their clients in the long run.No argument has only one side though, other experts say that active management has a role to play because not all investors are rational. This irrationality can lead to mispricing on financial assets in the marketplace and in turn lead to an ineffective market where active management can fill a much needed role. The purpose of this study is therefore to see if active management strategies can create a higher risk adjusted return, taking management fees into consideration, during times of high volatility when the uncertainty is at its peak.

AimTo validate the STOPP-8-questionnaire (S8Q), containing items from the SIH-questionnaire, against the criterion method accelerometry to estimate its capacity to assess 8 year old Swedish children?s physical activity (PA). Can it assess children?s physical activity? Can it differentiate the active children from the sedentary? If the answer is yes, how well can it do so? MethodData was collected during fall and winter the school year of 2008 - 2009 via the project STOPP-8. Out of 676 children at 12 schools in Stockholm area, 155 (boys n=72, girls n=83) provided complete questionnaire data and wore an accelerometer (Actiwatch 4) during 7 consecutive days which provided data for mean and median activity, time spent sedentary, in moderate to vigorous PA and vigorous PA.

In Sweden and in Scandinavia the amount of tree species are rather few. However many different forms of trees arise due to mutations and gives rare appearances like cut-leaved and hanging forms. In some cases these trees are interesting as cultivars and a few of them have become popular garden trees. The knowledge of the original trees and early propagation is meagre.In this study a selected group of trees were found through search of literature. Eight tree forms were chosen and investigated in situ.