Since some years Linköping has invested in biogas production, mainly from offal's, residuals from food industry and manure. The municipality goes for biogas in the local traffic and in all transportation. It is also possible for private car owners to run their CARS on biogas. The purpose of this essay is to perform a cost-benefit analysis and examine if the project has been beneficial from a social point of view. The effects have been identified, measured and monetarily valued. The essay is limited to include the year of 2006 only.

Den globala bilindustrin har under de senaste decennierna genomgått betydande förändringar, vilketskapat ett allt hårdare marknadsklimat. Detta har medfört att strategisk positionering i synnerhet blivitallt viktigare för aktörerna på marknaden. Försäljningen av Volvo Car Corporation och SaabAutomobile till Ford Motor Company samt General Motors under 1990-talet ansågs därför som ennödvändig åtgärd för att säkerställa Saabs och Volvos fortlevnad. Perioden under amerikansk ägandehar emellertid visat sig tuff och knappt ett decennium senare stod bilindustrin för sin kanske störstautmaning någonsin i sviterna av en extrem global lågkonjunktur. General Motor och Ford MotorCompany drabbades hårt, vilket ledde till att det inte längre ansågs ekonomiskt hållbart att behållaförlusttyngda bilmärken som Saab och Volvo.

The demand for biogas as vehicle fuel has risen sharply and there is a great need for increased production. A possible addition of vehicle gas can be produced by upgrading landfill gas which is formed by degradation of organic waste. This thesis investigates the potential of producing vehicle fuel from landfill gas in the region of Biogas Öst.In 2008, an amount of 32 million Nm3 landfill gas was extracted in the region. This level can be maintained for another ten years if the efficiency of gas extraction is improved. The annual production will decrease with time since landfills aren?t allowed to receive more organic waste.

At Volvo CARS Torslanda's paint shop there is a requirement to in a fast and effective way get an overview of the plants capacity. Therefore a capacity template was constructed as a tool for the engineers at Volvo several years ago. This template has during the years become complicated and outdated. Thus this thesis work will resort as a new capacity template, built from scratch. The new template has been built up based on requirements from Volvo and the concept of OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness).

This thesis describes the developmentof a device called "Oil Separator"which is used for washing vehicles andparticularly car washing. The devicedeveloped for Mr. Car Bilvård AB inUppsala, the company's work involvespassenger transport and courierservices. The company needs anexternal device that meets theenvironmental standards to wash theirown CARS in the premises without theneed to modify or reconstruct on thepremises ground as the premises is ona leased contract.Work began with a preliminary study onthe literatures that describes boththe function and structure ofdesigning the device. A few interviewswith other car wash companies had beenimplemented, and some measurements.After collection of the necessaryinformation the specifications ofcustomer requirement was presented .With these requirements a fewconcepts was generated and weighedusing the Pugh matrix for conceptsselection for further development.The final concept was furtherdeveloped and a design has beenpresented.

When driving hard and cornering on a circuit good control of a car?s roll is desired, so the car reaches steady state quickly but yet in a controlled fashion. This control is mainly given by the combination of the CARS springs, shock absorbers and anti-roll bars.The aim of this report is to investigate, analyze and measure a Porsche Boxster?s turn in behaviour and roll dynamics as well as with the aid of simulation results give suggestions for improvement of the previous mentioned combination.Two different simulations were made, one based on a simpler model that was based on an evolved version of the bicycle model in Matlab and one was more advanced model in the simulation software rFactor. Measurements of the real car was made using a GPS-based measurement system.

Extended Producer Responsibility (ERP) is a form of product take-back regulation that requires the producers to manage their products at the end of life. By internalising the products? entire life cycle costs into the market price the ultimate objective of such regulations is to reduce the environmental burden from the products. This Master´s thesis seeks to examine if the total life cycle cost of a product actually is borne by the producer, and if not, predict who will then take this cost. This is done by analysing the market for take-back activities in three different categories of products; electrical and electronic equipment, CARS and wind power stations.

SammanfattningSyftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka huruvida det genom en övergång från erfarenhetsbaserade arbetssätt till användning av vedertagna optimeringsmetoder finns möjlighet till kostnadsbesparingar för ingående lager i O-fabriken på Volvo CARS motorfabrik i Skövde (SkEP).SkEP dimensionerar idag sina lagernivåer på erfarenhetsmässiga grunder, vilket enligt teorierna inte är helt optimalt ur ett kostnadsperspektiv. Det antas därför att det kan finnas en stor förbättringspotential om SkEP istället börjar använda optimeringsmetoder för att beräkna lager- och orderstorlekar. SkEP upplever i dagsläget inte några större problem, däremot villde veta hur pass bra deras lagernivåer egentligen är. Motiveringen till varför just O-fabriken är intressant är att cylinderhuvudena som tillverkas där är de enda komponenterna som påverkas av den aggregerade slutkundsefterfrågan och därför även kan tillämpas som typexempel vid optimering av andra komponentlager.Metoden som används i uppsatsen är i första hand kvalitativ primärdata i form av intervjuer och observationer samt till viss del sekundärdata, i form av kvantitativ information från SkEPs interna datasystem, CDEC, och en teoretisk studie i ämnet lagerstyrning.Uppsatsen börjar med en teoretisk genomgång av ämnet, vilken till största del bygger på professor Stig-Arne Mattssons publikationer. Där tas de beräkningsmetoder som används i arbetet upp, så som Kapitalbindning, EOQ, SERV2 och beräkning av säkerhetslager.

This is a graduate work at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, The Department of Urban and Rural Development, Ultuna. The purpose of this paper has been to find out and describe principles for designing parks that offers good recreational and aesthetical values and require little amount of carbon dioxide emissions during their maintenance. The purpose has also been to see if it's possible to use city wastewater in some extent to assure the plants water supply and to find other means to make it less necessary to use purified water for watering. Recently made studies as well as older ones show how important green areas are in dense city structures both from a health and a climate perspective. Trees and other plants adsorbs different forms of air pollution and can also lower the temperature in the surrounding area through their transpiration.

In this thesis a transport system is sought after thatif realised in the city of Uppsala could provide bothwell-being to all its inhabitants and sustainability,here jointly refered to as liveability. It is found thatthe car dominated transport system that is inoperation today provides two fundamental values,namely accessibility in both time and space, whichsets it apart from other transport solutions. Thesetwo values are of immense importance for theliveability in our modern world. On the other handthe car dominated system decreases the liveabilityof Uppsala in several different ways. Some of theseproblems, it is argued, could be solved within thecar system, through the adoption of moreenvironmentally friendly CARS etc., but otherproblems are inherent in the car system and willremain no matter what changes are made.

The challenges facing low voltage grids are rising as an increasing number of domestic houses transition from fossil fueled heating to electricity based heating. Several environmental goals and visions have the same transition from fossil based power to electricity based power in mind for the transportation sector. One of the most important tools for this transformation is widely regarded to be the electric vehicle. With the demands of the electric vehicle pressuring the power grid, several questions arise regarding the growth of the electric vehicle market and what repercussions it may have on the grid. This paper focuses on a typical low voltage grid in southern Sweden and what effects a growing electric vehicle market may have on it. Through computer-assisted simulations based on several future scenarios regarding the EV market, this paper finds that few modifications and reinforcements are needed on this particular grid within the next 10 to 15 years.

The purpose of this study is to determine who visits the V Frölunda Library, Gothenbug,what magazines they read and why. The data presented in this thesis are collectedusing four methods: general observation and counting numbers of visitors, interviewswith 202 magazine readers, the completion of 1308 questiomaires regarding approximately350 maghes and interviews with more than 100 library visitors.The data indicates that men are significantly overrepresented among magazine readersas compared to the female visitors. These men are primarily from the white collar sectorof the community. This leads to a pronounced underrepresentation of the blue coIlarworkers. Young people visit the magazine room in the library at a rate about twice thatexpected from the population distribution.Women are primarily interested in magazines dealing with the home whereas men aremore interested in business, CARS, boats and sports.

Studies show that product placement is becoming a more and more common method for companies to use when communicating with consumers. The results of this study can?t confirm nor deny that claim, but instead we offered the observation that as a communication method, product placement and TV-commercials are more similar than revealed at first glance.CARS of the brand Ford appeared in seven out of the 50 motion pictures that made up the sample material in this study. In several instances the values that were communicated regarding the brand matched, completely or in large parts, the values communicated about the Ford brand in Ford?s own commercials.This doesn?t hold true for all companies.

This report describes the development process of a pipe clamp used on exhaust system for CARS. It is made based on the manufacturers desire to improve and make the clamp easier to manufacture and to reduce its price to their customers. This should be done either by manufacturing the clamp in one piece without an expensive and work intensive welding process, or by generating ideas of how to develop a brand new type of clamp. Investigating the market for similar products was done to eliminate intrusion of other manufacturers? patents but also to generate ideas.

This report is going to be focusing on the development of a promotion page and login system for the web production company Adoreyou. The promotion page and login will be parts of a new taxi application for iPhone that lets the customer book a taxi and drivers manage the requests from the customers.Taxi application?s that let customer?s book trips are nothing new but they are constantly being explored and developed. The most common practice is to let the customer fill in from what address he or she wants to be picked up and to where he or she wants to be taken. Then the price is set in the application depending on the distance and most likely other factors like weekday and time.