The purpose of this study was to develop two types of prediction models for Scots Pine and Norway Spruce. The first type for calculation of the stump diameter under bark the year the tree reached Breast height (Dstubh130). The second type for calculation of the annual difference, e.g. the number of growth years between stump height (0.2 m) and Breast height (1.3 meters above ground level). The primary thought with these prediction models is to obtain the Breast height age in the trees on basis of the number of annual rings at stump.

Bakgrund: Bröstcancer är en sjukdom som drabbar allt fler kvinnor världen över, men samtidigt minskar antalet dödsfall på grund av säkrare diagnostiska metoder och behandlingsmöjligheter. Utöver konventionell mammografi har MR-mammografi vuxit fram och är idag en etablerad metod inom bröstcancerdiagnostiken. Syfte: Syftet är att belysa MR-mammografins betydelse för kvinnor som undersöks i avseende att utesluta eller upptäcka bröstcancer. Metod: Examensarbetet genomfördes i form av en litteraturöversikt där forskningsmaterial ur vetenskapliga artiklar granskades och sammanställdes. Resultat: Kvinnor med förhöjd bröstcancerrisk gynnas av att genomgå MR-mammografi.

Social support is an important part of handling the troubles of life. The purpose of this literature review is to investigate what forms the social support for adult women with Breast cancer with the aim to be used in the nursing care. By system-atical reading of scientific articles nine qualitative articles were found which the result is based on. The theoretical framework was Antonovsky´s health focused theory with the central issue KASAM, the feeling of life connection. The study resulted in three themes emotional support, practical support and informational support, which describe the balanced content of social support.

The efficacy of screening for Breast cancer with mammography has been a subject of controversy during the last decades. However, the general opinion is now that screening reduces mortality in Breast cancer (Zackrisson, 2006). It is nevertheless important to weigh the efficacy against the harm and costs associated with screening. Cost-utility and cost-effectiveness analysis of screening have generally failed to incorporate side effects such as anxiety and discomfort related to screening tests and the following diagnostic tests (Gyrd-Hansen, 2000). This study seeks to include such side effects in a cost-utility analysis.

The supportive role of nurses in psychological care of women with Breast cancer.

Background: About five percent of the infants being born in Sweden are cared for in a neonatal unit because of their prematurity. Breastfeeding and Breast milk is considered to be the best nutrition for infants in general and for premature infants in particular. The premature infant, depending on how premature, may not be able to Breastfeed effectively due to their immaturity. Stress, anxiety and fatigue are factors that affect Breast milk production in a negative direction and these feelings are common in the neonatal unit.Aim: To illuminate mothers? experiences of Breastfeeding the premature infant in the neonatal unit.Method: A literature review of eight studies with a qualitative research approach, published between the year 2000 and 2012 was conducted.

Featured adjuvant chemotherapy treatment in women with Breast cancer can lead to pain. The aim of this study was to explore, the variety of perceptions and impact of adjuvantchemotherapy-induced pain in daily life, of some women newly diagnosed with Breast cancer.Inclusion criteria were participating in an ongoing stress management projectand chemotherapy of (anthracycline/taxan) in doses of 75mg² or more. Exclusioncriteria were inability to understand and communicate in Swedish and mentalillness. After ethical approval of the sub study in September 2010, women wereconsecutively included through oral and written request. Phenomenologicalapproach was used in the eight interviews and data analysis.

Abstract? Background: ?Breast?cancer is the?most?common cancer for?women,?with?over 8000?of?cancer?cases?per?year.?Surgery?is the?most?common form?of?treatment. Basis?of?illness?and?the?loss?of?a?Breast?can?be a?big?trauma for the?individual?and?affect?many?aspects.?Aim: The?aim?of?this?study?was?to?investigate?health-related?quality?of?life?and?psychosocial?situation and the?need?for support and?care?for?women?who?undergone?a?mastectomy?with?or?without?reconstruction.?Method: The?study?design?was?a?descriptive?study?with?qualitative?approach.?The?selection?was?strategically?consisting?of?the?eight?women?from?five?cities?which?had?undergone?mastectomy?with?or?without?reconstruction. The?interviews?were?semi-structured?individual?that?analyzed?using? content?analysis.?Results:All?of?the?women?felt?that?the?body?changed?after?the?mastectomy.? Feelings?of?insecurity?and?discomfort?were?common.?Among?those?who?underwent?reconstruction?were?all?dissatisfied?with?the?results.

A report on my thesis developing an algorithm to automatically classify a mammogram image as containing an implant or not and segmenting and masking any present Breast implant in the image..

This report presents a thesis project conducted by two students at Mälardalens högskola. The project covers 15 points in industrial design and was conducted during April to June 2014. The principal of the thesis works at Plastic Produkter. The assignment was to develop equipment for an effective way to dose, mix silicon, fill a special designed plastic bag and then seal it. The bag is then formed into a Breast model.When a customer for various reasons decides to do a Breast augmentation or a Breast reconstruction, there may be doubt or uncertainty about the result.

Aim: To describe perceptions about written and verbal information regarding diet and physical activity in women with Breast cancer and to study possible differences between ages and perception. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted and consisted of 57 women with Breast cancer stages I-III who started adjuvant chemotherapy within a year (2007-2008). A questionnaire, regarding their perceptions about the written and verbal information they had received about diet and physical activity, was responded to three months following treatment completion. Between 67-93 % of the participants responded to the questions. The answers was analyzed with descriptive statistics and Mann Whitney U-test.

Aim: To describe perceptions about written and verbal information regarding diet and physical activity in women with Breast cancer and to study possible differences between ages and perception. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted and consisted of 57 women with Breast cancer stages I-III who started adjuvant chemotherapy within a year (2007-2008). A questionnaire, regarding their perceptions about the written and verbal information they had received about diet and physical activity, was responded to three months following treatment completion. Between 67-93 % of the participants responded to the questions. The answers was analyzed with descriptive statistics and Mann Whitney U-test.

SAMMANFATTNINGSyfte: Syftet med denna studie var att på ett sjukhus i Mellansverige undersöka hur tillfredställda patienterna var med information om läkemedelsbiverkningar Syftet var även att undersöka grad av oro över eventuella biverkningar och jämföra om det fanns någon könskillnad gällande detta.Metod: Studiens design var en kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie med deskriptiv och jämförande statistik. Data samlades in genom en Studiespecifik enkät. Antalet svarande var 29 inneliggande patienter under 10 veckor som uppfyllde inklusionskriterierna.Resultat: Resultatet visade att hälften av deltagarna inte hade fått information om läkemedelsbiverkningar och att 78 % uppgav sig vilja ha mer information. Nio av tio deltagare instämde till att vara oroliga över eventuella biverkningar och 64 % uppgav att de var osäkra eller inte visste vart de skulle vända sig vid frågor om biverkningar. Trots detta var drygt hälften av deltagarna delvis eller helt nöjda med den information de fått.

Bröstcancer drabbar cirka en miljon kvinnor världen över varje år och det är den vanligaste cancerformen hos kvinnor i Sverige idag. Kirurgi är ofta det primära valet av behandling. I vissa fall är kvinnan tvungen att ta bort hela bröstet, en så kallad mastektomi. Att förlora ett bröst innebär både fysiska och psykiska förändringar för kvinnan och många olika aspekter av hennes liv påverkas. Därför väljer en del kvinnor att göra en bröstrekonstruktion.

Bakgrund: Bröstcancer är den vanligaste tumörformen hos kvinnor och den ärftliga faktorn bidrar till 20-30 %. Den ärftliga bröstcancern utvecklas vanligtvis i 30-40 års ålder. Idag erbjuds kvinnor genetisk utredning för att undersöka om de har hög risk för att utveckla bröstcancer. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att beskriva kvinnans upplevelse av sin livsvärld, vid risk för att utveckla ärftlig bröstcancer. Metod: Studien genomfördes genom en systematisk litteraturstudie, med inriktning på kvalitativa artiklar.