The school is under constant change and school reform on the conveyor Belt. In 2009 the Swedish government introduced new directives for the elementaryschool, including multi-national sample, written testimonials from grade one and grade with several grades rose from grade six. The purpose of this study is to examine currently active primary teacher perceptions of the pupils' learning and development might be affected by those earlier and clearer knowledge assessments, and how teachers perceive this reform on the basis of the Swedish school's motto "a school for all". The study was carried out with a phenomenological approach where the method has been depth interviews with five active primary teachers from grades one to six in a school. The results show that teachers perceive that the earlier and clearer assessments will affect students differently according to student performance and knowledge.

The school is under constant change and school reform on the conveyor Belt. In 2009 the Swedish government introduced new directives for the elementaryschool, including multi-national sample, written testimonials from grade one and grade with several grades rose from grade six. The purpose of this study is to examine currently active primary teacher perceptions of the pupils' learning and development might be affected by those earlier and clearer knowledge assessments, and how teachers perceive this reform on the basis of the Swedish school's motto "a school for all". The study was carried out with a phenomenological approach where the method has been depth interviews with five active primary teachers from grades one to six in a school. The results show that teachers perceive that the earlier and clearer assessments will affect students differently according to student performance and knowledge.

In Sweden the most common type of road traffic accidents involving passenger cars are single accidents (where only one vehicle is involved). The aim of this thesis is to analyse how these accidents occur, and present recommendations on how to reduce the number of deaths. Data has been collected from the Swedish Transport Administration?s in-depth studies of fatal accidents. Road traffic accidents with fatal outcome that happened on public roads during the years 2007 to 2009 have been studied.

People working with handling parcels in terminals are often victims of musculoskeletal injuries. This is largely due to the hazardous lifting of too many parcels which are too heavy and unsuitable work postures. The human body?s ability to lift and grasp objects is so outstanding that developing a device with the same capability is very difficult.The goal of the project has been to develop a technical device that will improve the handling of parcels with regard to ergonomics. The area of concern was the lifting of parcels between the conveyor Belt and the cargo space of the freight car.

To regularly remove woody vegetation along the roadside of forest roads is an important part of the road maintenance, since the vegetation binds moisture in the road side and, thus, the removal makes the road drying faster with results in improved bearing capacity. Vegetation removal also makes it easier to upgrade the road by material recycling from the ditch and, moreover, the visibility along the road is maintained.The aim of the study was to evaluate what type of chain flail is the best and most cost-effective for removal of different kind of woody vegetation along forest roadsides.Time studies were made on two chain flails when removing woody vegetation in three different classes; easy-, middle- and heavy shrub removal. The studied flails were one light and rather simple flail named Optimal M160 and a heavier and more advanced flail named Slagkraft H210. The removal was made according to Holmen Skogs? specification and the quality of the cleaning was measured by objective Belt inventory.The productivity was higher with the heavy flail within all cleaning classes.

The Swedish pulp and paper industry meets higher demand for energy efficiencyi mprovements with increasing energy prices and changes in the Swedish renewable energy certificate system. One action of energy efficiency improvement is by using secondary heat, that otherwise would have been treated as waste heat, for use in a system with lower temperature demands. The aim of this Master´s thesis is to identify possible secondary heat sources in a typical Swedish pulp and paper mill and to investigate what economic benefits the secondary heat will provide when being used for pre heating of wood chips to a kraft digester.The Master´s thesis focuses on three secondary heat sources; dry warm air, warm water and moisture saturated warm air located inside the pulp or paper mill. Two types of kraft digesters are simulated within this study, a typical Scandinavian digester and a modern twin vessel steam phase digester.Due to quality aspects and low temperature level drying is the drying technology with dry warm air rejected. Using warm water in direct contact with wood chips increases the quantity of water to the evaporation plant and thus reduced pulp or paper production and is therefore also rejected.

Picker robots are often mounted close to each other above a conveyor Belt. To be able topack robots even closer, it is desirable to reduce the footprint of the robot?s base. One way toachieve this is to skew the arms of the robot which makes it possible to move them closer toeach other.This Master Thesis has been carried out at ABB Corporate Research. The purpose is toevaluate the benefits and drawbacks for the idea of making today?s Picker robot morecompact by skewing the arms.

Research suggests that society's vulnerability to natural disasters along coasts could increase as a result of climate change, which is likely to lead to elevated sea levels and possibly an increase in the occurance of meteorological phenomena such as storms and tropical cyclones. Following the Indian Ocean tsunami disaster in 2004 and Hurricane Katrina in 2005, both of which received considerable media attention, empirical data has indicated that coastal vegetation might be able to protect and reduce damages to coastal communities during tsunami events and tropical cyclones.The aim of the essay has been to study the function of coastal ecosystems as protection against tsunami waves and storms from a risk management perspective, meaning that I have, through an overview of scientific articles, compiled current research on how coastal ecosystems can attenuate storm surges and tsunami waves, and analysed how this knowledge can be put into practice in coastal communities from a risk management perspective, i.e. if coastal ecosystems are a viable risk reduction measure, are practically applicable, and if so, how they could be applied.There is empirical evidence suggesting that coastal ecosystems, particularly mangroves, can reduce the strength of a tsunami wave, but full scientific consensus on this issue has not yet been reached. With regard to protection against storm surges, there is extensive scientific evidence that coastal vegetation can mitigate damages and reduce the height of a storm surge, although the wave has to traverse several kilometres inland through thick vegetation for the protection to be effective. A synthesis in the form of a figure regarding the many physical factors that influence wave development through coastal ecosystems has been created in an attempt to simplify and explain the phenomenon.The conservation and restoration of coastal ecosystems can be justified from a risk management perspective, but planting new forest Belts for the purpose of disaster mitigation is quite unrealistic and can rarely be sustainable, since, for protection to be effective, the forest Belt must extend several kilometres inland from the coast, and would thus likely prove difficult to implement along coastal societies..

Scania är en av världens största tillverkare av lastbilar, bussar och marina motorer och examensarbetet har utförts i syfte att utveckla en ny remmätrigg för att bättre kunna verifiera slitage, livslängd och töjning efter olika testcykler på Poly-V remmar. Riggen skall utföra mätningar enligt standard SAE-J1459 och klara att mäta remlängder mellan 1000-3300 mm. Därtill måste konstruktionen vara utformad enligt gällande säkerhetsföreskrifter och ergonomiska aspekter beaktas.Mätningar av Poly-V remmar sker efter principen att remmen spänns in mellan två remskivor med en kraft på 100 N per ribba.Vid examensarbetets start fanns en äldre mätrigg att tillgå, vilken inte längre är i bruk p.g.a. att den inte uppfyller alla krav för mätprocessen. Den har dock använts i syfte för att identifiera ergonomi- och säkerhetsrisker.

This thesis has been made on behalf of SCA Skog AB to assess the need of boron in Swedishforest fertilization. Boron has been added to Swedish forest fertilizers since the beginning of the1980s. This makes the fertilizers more expensive and therefore has the necessity of boron inSwedish forest fertilization been raised.The Swedish bedrock generally contains small amounts of boron. The boron in the bedrock istightly bound to the mineral tourmaline and mostly unavailable for plants. This leads to that thecontribution of boron to the soil from weathering is very low besides soils with marinesediments.

Det här examensarbetet har utförts på Volvo Aero Corporation i Trollhättan. Företaget tillverkar flygplansmotorer, turbiner samt komponenter till flygplans- och raketmotorer. Dessutom utför företaget underhåll på flygplansmotorer. Eftersom företaget behövde ett mer strukturerat sätt att arbeta med förbättringar började Sex Sigma implementeras under år 2000. Ett utbildningsprogram togs fram och medarbetare utbildades till Black Belts och Green Belts.

det finns ett uttryck som lyder ?Att vinna eller försvinna?. I dagens samhälle har detta blivit allt mer påtagligt. Att vara näst bäst duger inte längre. Att låta produkter nå ut på marknaden som inte är korrekta utan orsakar missnöje hos kund är inte acceptaBelt.

Trots att en produkt uppfyller uppsatta krav och specifikationer kan den uppfattas av kunden som bristfällig om de uppsatta kraven och specifikationerna inte stämmer överens med kundens behov och förväntningar. Det är därför nödvändigt för företag att kontinuerligt erhålla information om kunden och dess attityder för att kunna skapa produkter med god kvalitet. Inom den del av tjänstesektorn där lönsamheten i stor utsträckning bygger på långa relationer med kunder tenderar kundtillfredsställelse och tjänstekvalitet att ses som nyckelverktyg för att behålla kunder (Sweeney & Swait, 2008). Syftet med detta examensarbete är att studera hur kundönskemål kan identifieras och omsättas till förbättringsprojekt i sådana verksamheter. Examensarbetet är utfört på Scania CV ABs helägda dotterbolag DynaMate AB, vars kärnverksamhet är produktionsunderhåll, och HT Svarv AB i Kalix, vilka sedan september 2007 har valt att överlåta sitt underhåll helt i DynaMates regi.

People have utilised and influenced the boreal forest for many centuries. Prior to the industrial revolution during the 19th century, however, human use primarily only had a low impact on the forest. When the timberfrontier swept over the country, the Swedish forests came to change for ever. The study site for this thesis is situated in the northern part of the county of Västerbotten, Sweden, and has previously been a National forest. Today the area is an ecopark and the land is owned by the forest company Sveaskog.