Evolution och tillstÄndsmaskiner Àr kÀnda koncept inom bÄde AI-forskning och spelindustrin. TillstÄndsmaskiner har lÀnge anvÀnts för att simulera artificella motstÄndare, samtidigt som evolution i mÄnga fall applicerats för att fÄ agenter att sjÀlva upptÀcka bra lösningar pÄ problem. Arbetet anvÀnder sig av evolution för att undersöka om det gÄr att evolvera fram bÀttre tillstÄndsövergÄngar i en stokastisk tillstÄndsmaskin Àn hos en fördefinierad tillstÄndsmaskin. TvÄ homogena lag med tvÄ agenter vardera skapas, vilka tÀvlar pÄ en arena dÀr det gÄr ut pÄ att döda det andra laget först. Det ena laget delar en stÀndigt evolverande beteendemall medan det andra laget bestÄr av fördefinierade agenter, pÄ sÄ sÀtt att de har bedömts som duktiga pÄ att spela spelet.

Real estate agent is a popular occupation that many young people study today. They enter the market and will have to compete with experienced real estat agents. Why should the customer choose them instead of those with more experience? We describe the character of services offered, expectations and customer satisfaction. We have chosen to give a questionnaire to customers and real estat agents.

Problem: The corrugated board industry is highly affected by customer uncertainty, various demands and short delivery times. In combination with a complex multi-step production process managers have to be able to identify bottle-necks and gain knowledge and understanding of how different changes in process will affect the production output. <br/><br/>Purpose: The purpose of this master thesis is twofold, (1) to examine applicability of complexity theory through agent-based modelling on a production process (2) to identify improvement areas in order to increase the production output at SKS production site in Eslöv, by modelling and simulating the production process through an agent-based model. <br/><br/>Method: The chosen method of this study is a combination of a case study and a complex system approach. The empirical data was collected through interviews, observation and document studies which were analysed through an agent-based simulation model.

Communication is an important part of any multi-agent system. There are different ways of communicating and they have different effects on a multi-agent system. This project describes and evaluates two different ways of communication, implicit and explicit. To compare the two methods, two experiments have been executed. The result of the experiments have been compared and discussed.

The purpose of this study is to examine how parliament executes its responsibility of oversight against the government. In Sweden, parliamentary oversight of the government rests with a standing committee of parliament known as the constitutional committee.Drawing on general principal-agent theory I construct a model in which members of the constitutional committee are seen as agents in double and conflicting agency assignments. This constitutes a problem for the agent. Since it is the party group in parliament that controls the fulfilment of the agents? objectives, the agent is presumed to follow the party assignment to the detriment of the parliament assignment.The model generates two hypotheses concerning they type of oversight we should expect the members of the constitutional committee to perform against the government.

The purposes of this thesis is study the European Court of Justice from a non legal perspective and investigate the courts possibility to advance its own preferred goals rather that of the member states in cases of non-compliance. Drawing on general principal-agent theory I construct a model from which I derive certain hypothesis mainly about under what circumstances we should expect the Court to be more sensitive to member states preferences and under what circumstances we should expect the Court to be less sensitive. These hypotheses are then tested empirically against all cases of non-compliance initiated by the European Commission against member states between 1953-2000. The results from the study are rather positive. The most important result is that when the threat of sanctions against the Court increases so does the Courts sensitiveness to member states preferences and when it decreases so does the Courts sensitiveness..

Background: During a house demonstration a real estate agent have the chance to make new contacts which is of big importance to spread the word about the agency and keep up with the competition. If the realtor makes a good impression on the customers, it increases the chance for making the customers return to the same realtor when time comes to sell their own house. The interpretation of this non-verbal communication has been shown to have a fundamental effect on the participant?s perception of the encounter. This makes the study aim regards investigating which non-verbal signals a real estate agent express.Purpose: This study has a two-parted purpose whereas the first part intends to point out similarities and differences in a realtor?s non-verbal communication.

Services, no matter if they are established on the market or not, are often problematic since they are difficult to define for the customer. An example of such services is an real estate agent offers his or her service when it comes to all types of real estate. The purpose of the intermediation is to sell a costumers real estate to a buyer and act arbitrator between the two parties, this means that good communication is very important. To pin down what the service is all about and to know how to communicate is essential. When it comes to land and forest holding a special need of knowledge and experience is needed to be able to act professionally.

Every year a number of tenant-owner flat deals are concluded and the availability of real estate agents on the market is today very widespread. It has become increasingly difficult for estate agents to distinguish themselves in a way that makes the estate agent the customer?s choice. Estate agents must have a good understanding of what is important to the customer. An apartment deal is, for most people, an important event in their life.

Globalisering har möjliggjort för svenska företag att expandera utomlands och etablera sig pÄinternationella marknader. Det största hindret för smÄ- och medelstora företag (SMFs) i ainternationaliseringsprocess Àr avsaknad av finansiella medel och kunskap om den nyamarknaden. PÄ grund av detta Àr anvÀndandet av en utlandsbaserad agent ett bra alternativ. Enagent har en god lokal marknadskunskap och representerar en etableringsform som Àr mindrekostsam i jÀmförelse med etableringen av ett dotterbolag. Med hÀnsyn till detta ÀranvÀndandet av en agent ett vanligt tillvÀgagÄngssÀtt bland internationaliserande SMFs.Samtidigt drivs företaget och dess agent av olika mÄl pÄ grund av skillnader i egenintresse.Trots att en agent Àr anlitad i syfte att arbeta i enighet med företagets ambitioner, kan denneha ett egenintresse som kolliderar med företaget.

SammanfattningProblemformulering: Vilka upplevda effekter har belöningssystem pÄ agent- och principalproblem i en ledningsgrupp i svenska medelstora familjeföretag och hur Àr de uppbyggda?Syfte: Syftet Àr att undersöka hur uppbyggandet av belöningssystem till ledningsgruppen egentligen ser ut i svenska medelstora familjeföretag och vilka upplevda effekter det har pÄ agent- och principalproblemen.Metod: Uppsatsen Àr en kvalitativ studie med en deduktiv ansats. Vi ger en överblick pÄ hur vi har diskuterat oss fram till valen av metoderna samt det vÀrde de tillför uppsatsen.Teoretisk referensram: I kapitlet presenterar vi tillÀmpning av teorier, begrepp och modeller som anvÀnds i studien. Vi ger en förklaring pÄ begreppen som rör studier om familjeföretag, agent- och principalteorin, belöningssystem och deras samverkan med varandra. Dessa mynnar senare ut i en övergripande modell som förklarar vÄr problemformulering.

The aim of this paper is to see if Sweden has implemented the recommendations and taken notice of the guidelines for employment that the Commission and Council set up every year and from this see the role of the Commission and Council for the national employment politics. The years that I focused on in the paper are year 2000- 2004. The method that is used is a case study research that is exploratory and explanatory. The theoretical starting points are theories about delegation, cooperation and a variation of control and autonomy. This is recognized in the Principal- Agent theory and the Principal- Supervisor-Agent model.

Titel: Ishockeyagent som yrke! - Har Du vad som krÀvs, enligt spelarna?Syfte: Syftet med denna studie Àr att undersöka agenternas roll inom svensk ishockey idag.Problemformulering: Vad gör att spelarna skaffar agent eller vÀljer att inte göra det?Vilka kompetenser vill en svensk ishockeyspelare att en svensk ishockeyagent ska ha?Metod: VÄrt tillvÀgagÄngssÀtt för denna studie lutar sig emot en kvalitativ forskningsmetoddÀr de primÀra kÀllor utgjorts av intervjuer med 13 respondenter, som spelar ishockey pÄ ennivÄ dÀr agenter förekommer (divison 1 och uppÄt i seriesystemen). Undersökningen har haften deduktiv ansats dÀr vi först utgÄtt frÄn forskning och teori för att sedan samla in studiensempiri.Slutsatser: Agenten behöver flera olika kompetenser. DÀribland förhandlingskunskap, rÄdgivning,lyhördhet och förmÄgan att fungera i sociala sammanhang. Studien pÄvisar blandannat att spelarna idag inte ser förhandling som den primÀra kompetensen hos en agent.

Communication is an important part of any multi-agent system. There are different ways of communicating and they have different effects on a multi-agent system. This project describes and evaluates two different ways of communication, implicit and explicit. To compare the two methods, two experiments have been executed. The result of the experiments have been compared and discussed.

VĂ„r undersökning syftar till att utreda vilken roll den finansiella informationen spelar för att minska informationsdiskrepansen mellan AP-fonderna och de onoterade fastighetsbolag som fonderna Ă€r delĂ€gare i. Informationen har samlats in med en kvalitativ metod genom intervjuer med bĂ„de AP-fonderna och de onoterade fastighetsbolagen de Ă€ger och delĂ€ger. Teorin som vi utgĂ„r frĂ„n för att undersöka vĂ„rt syfte Ă€r agentteorin, dessutom anvĂ€nder vi teori för att beskriva pĂ„ vilket sĂ€tt redovisningen anvĂ€nds för att minska just principal-agent konflikten. Det som vi kommer fram till i vĂ„r studie Ă€r att fastighetsbolagens redovisning spelar en begrĂ€nsad roll för att minska principal-agent konflikten mellan AP-fonderna och de onoterade fastighetsbolagen. Ägarkoncentrationen gör det istĂ€llet möjligt för parterna att kommunicera genom styrelsemöten och annan rapportering, och fastighetsbolagens redovisning fĂ„r dĂ€rmed en mer begrĂ€nsad roll i att minska principal-agent konflikten..