A stay in the neonatal intensive care unit of greater than 5 days is one of the identified risks ofa sensorineural hearing loss. Preterm infants usually have at least one risk factor for hearingimpairment. The period from 25 weeks' gestation to 5 to 6 months of age is most critical tothe development of the auditory system. We think it is important to investigate hearingimpariment among infants born Preterm, degree and type of hearing loss, risk factorsassociated with hearing loss and how the auditory system may be affected by Preterm birth.ObjectiveA critical review of the current literature including studies of Preterm infants born betweengestonal age 25-37. Our aim is to identify the most common type and degree of hearing lossamong infants born Preterm and if there is an association between hearing loss and Pretermbirth.MethodA literature search of Scopus and Pubmed resulted in 16 articles from 2000-2015ResultsMost of the infants in this study had a severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss.

Aim: To examine the reaction of extreme Preterm infants with regarding to body temperature and transepidermal water loss during skin-to-skin care according to Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) during the infant?s first week of life. Method: This was a descriptive quantitatively designed study, which was a pilot study within the framework of a larger project. Nine children, with a median gestational age of 24.91 weeks, were examined by measuring body temperature (axilla and skin temperature) as well as transepidermal water loss before, during and after KMC. Results: The study showed that skin temperature tended to rise during KMC, especially for those children who were nursed with KMC for more than 60 minutes.

Background: Breastfeeding frequency decrease in Sweden and infants born Preterm is a particularly vulnerable group to not be breastfed according to current recommendations. Mothers of Preterm infants have an extra need of support from the health care system. Mothers' self-efficacy in breastfeeding affects the outcome of breastfeeding. Health professionals' attitudes to breastfeeding have an impact on the breast feeding support they provide to the mothers.Aim: To investigate whether an intervention could strengthen self-efficacy in breastfeeding among mothers of premature babies. A further aim was to investigate whether the intervention influenced health professionals' attitudes to breastfeeding.Method/Design: An experimental study with quantitative approach in the form of questionnaire survey was conducted.

Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionTitle: ?What nutrition therapy has the best outcome on growth in Preterm children and/or children born with low birth weight??Author: Josefine Nyström and Rebecca HammarSupervisor: Fredrik BertzExaminer: Frode SlindeProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: April 11, 2013Background: There is a number of reasons why a child is born Preterm and with a low birth weight, for instance if the mother is underweight, smoking or exposed for malaria. The negative consequences of being born Preterm or with a low birth weigth are many, both on long and short term. According to the WHO Preterm birth is the most common direct cause of infant mortality. By providing the right measures in time when it comes to nutrition the mortality can be reduced considerably.Objective: To examine and summarise the scientific ground when it comes to the best nutrition therapy for Preterm children and children born with a low birth weight.Search strategy: A systematic literature search was done in the databases Pubmed, Cohrane and Scopus.

Background: Breastfeeding frequency decrease in Sweden and infants born Preterm is a particularly vulnerable group to not be breastfed according to current recommendations. Mothers of Preterm infants have an extra need of support from the health care system. Mothers' self-efficacy in breastfeeding affects the outcome of breastfeeding. Health professionals' attitudes to breastfeeding have an impact on the breast feeding support they provide to the mothers.Aim: To investigate whether an intervention could strengthen self-efficacy in breastfeeding among mothers of premature babies. A further aim was to investigate whether the intervention influenced health professionals' attitudes to breastfeeding.Method/Design: An experimental study with quantitative approach in the form of questionnaire survey was conducted.

Background: Breastfeeding frequency decrease in Sweden and infants born Preterm is a particularly vulnerable group to not be breastfed according to current recommendations. Mothers of Preterm infants have an extra need of support from the health care system. Mothers' self-efficacy in breastfeeding affects the outcome of breastfeeding. Health professionals' attitudes to breastfeeding have an impact on the breast feeding support they provide to the mothers.Aim: To investigate whether an intervention could strengthen self-efficacy in breastfeeding among mothers of premature babies. A further aim was to investigate whether the intervention influenced health professionals' attitudes to breastfeeding.Method/Design: An experimental study with quantitative approach in the form of questionnaire survey was conducted.

Förberedelsen till föräldraskapet avbryts vid prematur förlossning och ställer föräldrar inför svåra psykiska påfrestningar och frågor. Föreliggande studie har erhållit data från projektet "För tidigt födda barn och deras föräldrar - en tvärvetenskaplig longitudinell studie". Syftet är att beskriva hur föräldrar ser på orsaken till den för tidiga födseln (gestationslängd 24+0-35+6). Extraherade delar av 74 enskilda intervjuer (39 mödrar och 35 fäder) analyserades med innehållsanalys. Resultatet gav temat "Inre eller yttre orsak - möjlig att påverka eller inte".

The aim of this study was to describe the meaning of individual care according to Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment programs (NIDCAP) to the early born child. The care around the early born child has shown a big importance. NIDCAP incorporates many care aspects that give structure for an individual tailored care. A fast care planning within three days and night after the birth according to NIDCAP has a positive effect for the cognitive development. The early child has showed that the surroundings environment has an important role for their development.

The danger and vulnerability associated with a Preterm birth seem to be closely correlated with a dysfunction of the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, whose maturation in the foal is without a doubt as delicate as it is important. Not only is this endocrine cascade vital for the foal in order to cope with neonatal stress, it also appears to be fundamental for the final fetal intrauterine maturation, as well as for the onset of foaling. Equine gestation exhibits some rather unique features, indicating a somewhat different significance of the endocrine changes associated with HPA maturation, compared to many other species. This hormonal cascade is rapid and confined to a narrow time during late gestation in the horse, and the risk of the foal completely missing it therefore becomes prominent. Induced parturition in the mare may be operated through uterotonic agents, which occasionally bring about premature foals. Desirable seems the ability to initiate equine labour while simultaneously enhancing fetal HPA maturation, as in humans and ruminants through perinatal glucocorticoid administration. However, similar treatment in the horse has resulted in various, sometimes fatal, outcomes. In the light of the distinctive features of equine gestation, difficulties are encountered following such administration of glucocorticoids and ACTH.

Forskning om smärta hos barn började ta fart i mitten på 1980-talet. Innan dess fanns uppfattningar av att barn inte upplevde smärta. Resultatet av denna forskning, som fortfarande pågår, har långsamt implementerats i praktiken. Först på 1990-talet omsattes dessa resultat i praktiken, av att barn ändå kunde känna smärta. Vårdpersonal fick en ökad medvetenhet om smärta och smärtskattning hos barn.

Oro och ovisshet påverkar både föräldrar och syskon när ett barn föds för tidigt. Inom neonatalvården idag används ofta familjecentrerad vård som omvårdnadsmodell. Ett mål med familjecentrerad vård är att fokusera på familjen som en enhet. I verkligheten är det dock ofta så att syskonen glöms bort. Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva syskons upplevelse av att få ett prematurfött syskon.

Syfte:Att beskriva föräldrars upplevelse av faktorer om har inverkan på deras närvaro hos sitt extremt underburna barn som vårdats på intensivvårdssal på neonatalavdelning.Material och metod: Semistrukturerade djupintervjuer utifrån en intervjuguide genomfördes under 2010 och 2011. Tretton föräldrar deltog i studien. De inspelade intervjuerna transkiberades ordagrant, och bearbetades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys.Resultat:Föräldrar till extremt underburna barn som vårdais på intensivvårdssal beskrev skilda upplevelser av vården och uttryckte olika behov. Vårdtiden innebar ett känslomässigt pendlande från chock till en känsla av kontroll. Faktorer som underlättade närvaron hos barnet var möjlighet till boende på avdelningen.

Bakgrund: Prematurt fo?dda barn utsa?tts fo?r ma?nga sma?rtsamma ingrepp under sin tid pa? neonatal va?rdavdelning. Det finns behov av att utveckla icke- farmakologisk sma?rtlindring som komplement till farmakologisk sma?rtlindring fo?r denna patientgrupp. Tidigare forskning har visat att inspelad musik under blodprovstagning har positiva effekter pa? prematurt fo?dda barns fysiologiska va?rden samt beteendema?ssiga respons.

Syfte. Undersöka användningen av kängurumetoden hos extremt för tidigt födda barn.Bakgrund. Kängurumetoden (KM) är en evidensbaserad metod som innebär att barnet bärs hud mot hud på förälderns bröst i upprätt ställning. Metoden har många fördelar för det för tidigt födda barnet och har visat sig vara effektiv för att skapa starka band föräldrar och barn emellan. Forskning visar att det är en säker vårdmetod även för extremt för tidigt födda barn.