Hörselnedsättning hos för tidigt födda barn ? En litteraturstudie
HörselnedsättningFör tidig födselRisk faktorerHörselsystemets utvecklingHearing lossPreterm birthRisk factorsAuditory maturation
A stay in the neonatal intensive care unit of greater than 5 days is one of the identified risks ofa sensorineural hearing loss. Preterm infants usually have at least one risk factor for hearingimpairment. The period from 25 weeks' gestation to 5 to 6 months of age is most critical tothe development of the auditory system. We think it is important to investigate hearingimpariment among infants born preterm, degree and type of hearing loss, risk factorsassociated with hearing loss and how the auditory system may be affected by preterm birth.ObjectiveA critical review of the current literature including studies of preterm infants born betweengestonal age 25-37. Our aim is to identify the most common type and degree of hearing lossamong infants born preterm and if there is an association between hearing loss and pretermbirth.MethodA literature search of Scopus and Pubmed resulted in 16 articles from 2000-2015ResultsMost of the infants in this study had a severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. Some ofthe risk factors associated with hearing loss include mechanical ventilation for more then fiveday, asphyxia and birthweight below 1500g. However, these risk factors are difficult toseparate. When an infant is born preterm, hearing loss can be temporary.