Large volumes of excavated soil and rock are generated in building- and construction projects. These materials need to be transported longer and longer distances due to the densifications of cities. The transportation affects the environment in terms of noise and emissions, but also makes high demands on road infrastructure. To reduce the transport distances an increased responsibility for the excavated rock generated needs to be taken. Responsibility can be increased through an introduction of means of control.

Ett av Skatteverkets mest effektiva förfarande för att kontrollera en skattskyldig är skatterevision. Revision görs för att kontrollera om en skattskyldig har fullgjort sin uppgiftsskyldighet. Skatteverket undersöker då huruvida underlaget till deklarationen stämmer. Detta görs genom att kontrollera att redovisningen stämmer överens med uppgifterna i deklarationen och att dessa uppgifter överensstämmer med skattelagstiftningen. Revision får göras hos bl.a.

In this thesis we focus on the issue of crowdfunding and especially how a project relates to and embraces its community. While a lot of related research focus on what makes people give, our research instead delve into whether a creator looks upon the sponsors as something more than just a financial resource. To manage this task we used a triangular perspective consisting of a case study, a questionnaire and a netnographic study. The goal was to gain the perspectives of creators, crowdfunding platforms and sponsors on how the communication between the community and the project works and can be improved.       The three crowdfunding platforms we reviewed (Kickstarter, IndieGoGo, Rockethub) all had fairly similar models on how to attract sponsors and make them involved in the project, while the questionnaire and netnographic study demonstrated how a community could contribute in different ways.

Sweden is a country that has made some progress in developing energy efficient solutions. The problem in Sweden is that many houses and apartment buildings are old and have inefficient ventilation- and heating systems. This energy is lost when systems are inefficient, which then results in huge economic costs. Luckily, more and more people are becoming aware of this, which means that Sweden is on track to become even better within energy efficiency.Energy use for the housing- and service sector amounts to 166 TWh of total use at 616 TWh. Without distribution and conversion losses, these figures show that the housing- and service sector accounts for almost 40 % of the country's total energy consumption.

Hur fungerar teckning som ett resonerande verktyg? Vad ger den utforskande handlingen upphov till? I mitt examensarbete söker jag efter referenser och begrepp som styrker min mening om vårt behov av att utveckla tecknandet (en handling som i följande används i en vidare bemärkelse). Som landskapsarkitekter är det viktigt att vi skapar vårat eget förhållande till den verklighet som omger oss ? och sätter den i relation till andras ? för att fungera som formgivare. Genom att utforska världen och dess landskap erhåller vi nya perspektiv och breddar vårat vetande. Med utgångspunkt i gestaltpsykologin, enligt Rudolf Arnheim behandlar jag förhållandet perception ? registrering ? teckning, vilket utgör den outtalade grunden för det som lärs ut på konst- och designutbildningar idag.

Andelen äldre i Sveriges befolkning blir allt fler då människor lever längre samtidigt som det föds fler barn. Det finns ett flertal studier som tar upp betydelsefulla områden för hälsan som påverkas av åldrandet och som är viktigt att bibehålla hela livet ut. Några av dessa är en god kosthållning, den funktionella förmågan och ett fungerande socialt nätverk. Flera projekt har bedrivits inom äldreområdet med fokus på dessa områden och några av dessa har utvärderats. Resultaten från projekten har varit varierande och det saknas kunskap om vad det är som gör att projektet vart framgångsrikt eller inte.

The purpose of this study is from a case study develop a model that aims to cost effectively improve productivity in a manufacturing production process. The study highlights the importance of having knowledge about customer needs and using a holistic process perspective when improving productivity to identify the relations between the process stations and by this find problems that cause waste and losses in productivity. Tools and methods used to make production more efficient such as single minute exchange of die, spaghetti diagram, 5s and master production schedule is presented an applied in the model to see how these effect costs, productivity etc.Maintenance effects on quality and productivity in a manufacturing company will as well be covered in this thesis. The results and conclusions finally reveals how the process improvement tools, maintenance and production planning for example effects each other and why it is important to establish an attitude in the company where continuous process improvement should be emphasized..

Foric, Armin - Musikens betydelse för film ? En undersökning om musikens inverkan i film (Högskolan Dalarna 2009) är en uppsats som syftar till att försöka förstå hur bakgrundsmusik påverkar film. Genom att använda sig av ett och samma klipp men med olika bakgrundsmusik vill jag försöka förstå hur musik påverkar uppfattningen av en film. Syftet är också att jämföra min och Rasmus Wedins uppsats som heter ?Ljudet är halva upplevelsen...

Hemp is a versatile plant with many uses that has been around for thousands of years. The plant is highly adaptable andwill cultivate in almost any soil. It has excellent remediation properties and has shown to be relatively consistent when itcomes to crop yields. The aim of this literature survey is to examine how hemp can be used to be considered asustainable energy crop in Sweden through database searches and interviews. Hemps characteristics as an energy cropand its remediation properties is evaluated and compared with other plants that are used in Sweden.

Within agriculture it is important to optimize the use of nitrogen, not only from an economic point of view but also to minimize damage to the environment. This can sometimes be difficult, especially within organic farming. Organic farmers are using increasing amounts of waste products from the food industry to cover their nitrogen needs. These different organic fertilizers release nitrogen at different rates and under specific soil conditions. Because of this, it would be beneficial to have a standardized method to measure the amount and rate of nitrogen mineralization from organic fertilizers. This project contributes to this knowledge by investigating whether relatively simple and repeatable laboratory methods can be used to estimate the nitrogen fertilizer value of organic fertilizers.

In the last couple of years changes in the legal systems treatment of young offenders has given the social worker more legal responsibility. In view of this, our purpose with this study was to examine how social workers and prosecutors apprehend the role of the social worker during the legal process. The study was delimited to look into the handling of young offenders between the ages of 15 and 18 years old. The questions we intended to look at were: How do the social workers reason when trying to see the need of a child within a legal context; Do prosecutors and social workers experience that they have different approaches when looking at young offenders, as a consequence of their different professions; What is the opinion among social workers considering the duty of the social services to administrate community service for young offenders; How do the social workers argue when determining whether or not a young offender has a "special need for care". These questions were answered through empirical studies where six social workers and two prosecutors were interviewed.

Filtermaterial av 75 % torv och 25 % kolaska har använts under 2 respektive 4 år för rening av avloppsvatten från två biltvättar. Jämförelse med Kristianstads kommuns riktvärden för avloppsvatten från fordonstvättar visar att filtren fungerat. För avfallsklassning krävs kunskap om innehåll av miljöfarliga ämnen i produkter som använts i tvätthallarna. I brist på kunskap om innehåll av ej analyserade miljöfarliga ämnen i filtren anses förbränning vara ett bra omhändertagande ur miljösynpunkt, då energi och aska återvinns..

Pappersmakulatur uppstår i tryckpressarna, men orsakerna finns i företagets alla funktioner. För ett framgångsrikt förbättringsarbete med att minska makulaturen krävs därför att all personal är engagerad.Examensarbetet utfördes på Bobergs Tryckeri AB i Falun, ett familjeägt företag med 60 anställda, som producerar personifierad direktreklam och blanketter. Syftet var att undersöka hur pappersmakulaturen kan minska och målet var att hitta orsaker samt ge förslag på åtgärder för att minska den.Genom intervjuer med personalen kartlades produktionssprocessen och utifrån det utarbetades förbättringsförslag. Exempel på förbättringsförslag är att kontinuerligt mäta och rapportera makulaturen, förbättra kommunikationen mellan avdelningarna och utveckla färgstyrningen. Litteraturstudier och kontakter med nyckelpersoner inom branschorganisationer och andra liknande företag, var till stor hjälp i arbetet.

Lean has been studied intensely since the 1980s and it has been tested and successfully implemented in a wide variety of businesses. This thesis aims to examine the potential effects of a Lean implementation on meeting efficiency, a topic that has gotten little attention in the research community. First, a number of meeting problems are introduced, as they are perceived from the company that is the subject of the study. Second, the potential of introducing Lean in a meeting process is evaluated using the Lean Thinking principles. Third, the wastes that are generated from the meeting problems are identified.

The control of indoor temperature must be able to handle large time constants and both measureable disturbances like outdoor temperature, and non-measurable disturbances, like waste heat from appliances. Due to cheaper microcontrollers (small computers with designated tasks) with better performance, more advanced and computation-demanding methods for control can be used.In this thesis, Generalized Predictive Control (GPC) has been implemented and tested on a theoretically derived model of a house. GPC states that a model of the system is estimated in every sample, and the control is carried out simultaneously, based on predictions of the model. Disturbances like solar radiation can be estimated and used in the control as well. The control signals are determined by quadratic programming, which makes it possible to consider conditions, for example limitations on the control signals.GPC requires a number of parameters to be defined, like model order and control signal penalty, but is relatively robust for variations in them.