För att polisens ska klara av att upprätthålla den allmänna ordningen och säkerheten i landet har de utrustats med olika maktbefogenheter, det vill säga befogenheter att på olika sätt ingripa mot enskilda. I Sverige får polisen använda sitt tjänstevapen i enlighet med nöd, nödvärn och laga befogenhet. Den sistnämnda ger polisen rätt att använda våld och i värsta fall sitt skjutvapen för att genomföra en tjänståtgärd. Användandet grundar sig framförallt i lagstiftningen från år 1969. Det har de senaste åren förts en diskussion om att lagstiftningen behöver uppdateras till dagens samhälle.

Sweden is a member of the European Union since 1995. The European Union issues directives that cover different areas. Member states must implement these directives into their national legislation. The European council issued in 1993 a directive that took action on the organization of working time, also known as the working time directive. The full name is: Council directive 93/104/EC of 23 November 1993 concerning certain aspects of the organization of working time.

When young people are placed in residential care, the staff have a responsibility to ensure that the youth have a safe environment where they can thrive and develop. Residential staff also have responsibilities to ensure the rights of youth during the residential care. This study aims to examine how staff consider themselves to treat the youth in residential care. Furthermore the study aims to examine how the staff consider themselves to ensure youth their right to be heard and have an impact on their own lives, in agreement with Article 12 of the UN convention on the rights of the child (CRC). A qualitative method has been used in order to answer the study's purpose and issues.

Australia is one of the largest producers and consumers of fossil fuels in the world. In a society where the effects of fossil fuels on global warming are constantly discussed, the nation?s production and consumption are subject to debate. Problems arise when negative aspects of consumption, such as emissions of greenhouse gases, are put in relation to an increased need of energy and economic growth. However, it is important to distinguish between different types of fossil fuels when it comes to their individual impact on the environment and to analyze the possibilities to increase the more environmental friendly ones.

Denna uppsats behandlar det libyska politiska experimentet, närmare bestämt de historiska omständigheter i Libyen och omvärlden som kom att samverka för att gruppen kring Moammar al- Khadaffi kunde ta makten i september 1969. Uppsatsen beskriver och analyserar även de ideologiska och kulturella komponenter som den ikraftvarande massväldesideologin består av. Utifrån dessa komponenter, i huvudsak nationalism, ledarcentrism samt traditionalism, konstateras en påfallande likhet med den italienska fascismen i fråga om mål och medel..

Being able to know how use the rules about how taxes works, allows a shareholder with qualified holding in a closely held company, to pay less taxes. When the owner of the share makes an agreement, which the ownership rights transfers later than the actual date for when legal contract is written. The question is therefore who can consider being the new owner at the beginning of the year and taking part of the benefits. Do the ownership rights transfer on the contract date or the date of access?When a buyer purchase a share during the year, he may not partake of any threshold amount, then the expected time is for those who are owners at the beginning of the year.

In this report listed buildings, according to the Swedish Heritage Conservation Act, have been studied with a focus on cases where economical compensation has been given to the owner of the building and cases where the listing of the building has been appealed by the owner. In order for a building to become listed it needs to be particularly valuable from a cultural and historical standpoint. The listed buildings are protected through a list of regulations that determines which parts of the building can or cannot be changed, what methods and materials should be used for changes and repairs, and how the building should be maintained. These regulations should as far as possible be formulated in agreement with the owner, but a building can become listed against the owners will. To decrease the damage this causes the owner he can in some cases have the right to economical compensation. There is also a possibility for the owner to appeal the listing of the building.

Två-statslösning för den Palestinska Myndigheten är en återkommande diskuterad väg bort ifrån konflikten i Mellanöstern. För Palestinas del har den mångåriga politiska och väpnade kampen för existensberättigande varit deras första argument i statsbyggnadsprocessen vilken har kantats av ?sexdagarskrig?, ?Yom-kippur-krig?, ?Al-Aqsa intifada? och stenkastning.Genom en fallstudie där jag har operationaliserat Barry Buzans teori om statsbildning så har jag under sökt dokumenten ?Oslo Agreement? och ?A Performanced-Based Roadmap to a Permanent Two-State Solution to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict?, om statsbildning baserat på dessa är möjlig. Resultatet av undersökningen är att teorin bakom de statsbildande komponenterna har kunnat operationaliseras och genom detta visat att territoriet, den nationella identiteten och palestinska strategiska områden är de mest förekommande statsbildande beståndsdelarna. Generellt citeras dokumenten fortfarande i statsbyggnadsprocessen men förtroendet att bygga staten Palestina på dessa, uppfattar jag vara urholkad.Sökord: ?Palestine State Building?, ?Statebuilding?, ?Statebuilding Buzan?, ?Statsbildning?..

This study deals with one particular instance of foreign policy change in Sweden; The political take-off for enhanced Nordic Defence and Security Cooperation in the beginning of the 21st century which led to an agreement on a Nordic declaration on slolidarity. The aim of this study is to explain why the political development has undergone a rapid upturn and when such a policy change occur. Its purpose is to explain what factors and conditions that influenced the policy change. It also explores the meaning of the Nordic Declaration of Solidarity. The theoretical point of departure is Foreign Policy Analysis combined with John Kingdons policy-window theory.

Rapporten beskriver en undersökning om de olika renoveringsåtgärder som typiskt behöver utföras för bostadshus byggda under miljonprogrammet. Studien utgår från ett flerbostadshus som byggdes under 1968-1969 och som ligger i Norrliden i kvarteret Graniten, Kalmar. Undersökningen fokuserar på energianvändning, energieffektivisering, tillgänglighet och kommunikation med hyresgäster under renoveringen. Dessa ämnen behandlas utifrån två perspektiv; dels genom beskrivning av det pågående projektet i bostadshusen i Graniten och dels genom teorier beskrivna i litteraturen. .

In this report listed buildings, according to the Swedish Heritage Conservation Act, have been studied with a focus on cases where economical compensation has been given to the owner of the building and cases where the listing of the building has been appealed by the owner. In order for a building to become listed it needs to be particularly valuable from a cultural and historical standpoint. The listed buildings are protected through a list of regulations that determines which parts of the building can or cannot be changed, what methods and materials should be used for changes and repairs, and how the building should be maintained. These regulations should as far as possible be formulated in agreement with the owner, but a building can become listed against the owners will. To decrease the damage this causes the owner he can in some cases have the right to economical compensation. There is also a possibility for the owner to appeal the listing of the building.

Swedish contract law is based on the main principle of freedom of contract, which means that a contract is built on a voluntary agreement of both parties. There are exceptions from the principle of freedom of contract. In some instances a party is obliged to contract (kontraheringsplikt), which also is the subject for this paper. Kontraheringsplikt can be described as an obligation for one of the parts in a relation to come to an agreement under normal circumstances with everyone who ask for it. The cases of kontraheringsplikt are rather different.

Syftet med det här arbetet är att undersöka hur förväntningarna på bildämnet har sett ut, såsom deframkommer av läroplanerna från 1969, 1980, 1994 och 2011. Syftet är vidare att se vilka likheteroch skillnader det finns mellan dessa och att se hur utvecklingslinjer från tidigare forskning visarsig i dem.Arbetet tar sin utgångspunkt i den tidigare forskning som gjorts av Gunnar Åsén. Det är ur hansforskning jag utläst utvecklingslinjerna. Undersökningen har genomförts genom en kvalitativinnehållsanalys. Av tidigare forskning har jag utläst åtta utvecklingslinjer i tecknings-/bildämnetshistoria och utifrån dessa analyserar jag ovan nämnda läroplaner.

Central labour market actors have come to an agreement ? Sweden is going to need labour migration. In spite of the agreement the actors disagree upon how the labour migration should be designed. This essay examines how the union organisation, LO presents labour migration in their rapports during the years 2000-2006. This is done through Laclau and Mouffes discourse theory and a merge with postcolonial theory.

This master thesis deals with the problem of integrated libraries. The number of integrated public and school libraries has significantly increased over time. These libraries are integrated for different reasons, most often because of economic considerations. The goal of the thesis is to investigate librarians´ understanding and perceptions of the professional role in this type of integrated libraries. I have investigated how librarians see and interpret their own professional role, and what factors influence their perceptions in an integrated library.The three main questions are: How do the librarians explain their professional role in an integrated library? How does their professional role change because of the fact that they work in an integrated environment? What factors, according to the librarians, influence and/or change the professional role mostly? The data has been collected through interviews with eight librarians at integrated libraries.