Titel: Thinking outside the box: Goals and Salary boxes as motivational factorsAuthors: Anna Ceder and  Karin Barwinger PlogareSeat of Learning: Uppsala UniversityPurpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate if the imposition of salary boxes in Uppsala municipality has had any influence on the organisation?s employees? to improve their work motivation. The reason for the study was to look deeper into employees? motivational factors, this with a focus on salary as motivational factor in structures of salary boxes where it is possible for the employee to work towards goals which affect their salary. The primary purpose of the study was to look into if employees? ability to advance their performance had any connection to the impostion of salary boxes.Methodology: In order to collect as much data as possible for the measurements one of the largest occupational groups in Uppsala municipality was chosen, which represents the group of pre-school teachers.

Our study emanates from a socio?cultural perspective on learning and aim to describe and comparetwo different upper secondary school classes and their work with information literacy as a socialpractice in project work and their use of ICT (information and communication technologies). Thequestions at issue in the study are; how the pupils handle information seeking processes, whatdifferences and similarities can be observed in the two social practices and which consequences thesedifferences have in an project work environment.Our choice of research methods to collect data consists of both observations and interviews withpupils and teachers. The interviews performed in the study can be categorized as qualitativeinterviews, and in addition we recorded and took notes during the interviews and transcribed thematerial.The study shows the importance of a good learning environment when it comes to working withinformation seeking processes, that the instructor?s role is of outmost importance and that the pupilsfundamental knowledge of information seeking processes and their information literacy are keysuccess factors when it comes to project work linked to ICT to be productive.

One of the main tasks of the Swedish Armed Forces over the past few years has been International assignments, which increased the importance of the Lessons Learned process. Methods of simulator training with computers have become more frequent and the technical ability to collect digital data from sensors has been developed as well. This work demonstrates how the experience of Lessons Learned can be communicated with the computer simulator StriSimPC and how modern technology in future support experiences from the Lessons Learned process at the tactical level in the Army.Currently knowledge sharing consists of several processes and strategies in the Swedish Armed Forces. This is done by written reports, oral presentations and different practical exercises.This case study shows the functions of the simulator StriSimPC, methods of training and how it is used today. The study also describes the future opportunities, where digital metadata acquired from the modern combat vehicles could contribute sharing of experience in the Lessons Learned process.The summarized conclusions indicate that StriSimPC can combine the two strategies for personalization and codification of knowledge transfer to reach a higher level of learning.

Within the Swedish school and the public library communities it is generally held as a truth that reading of fiction develops the empathic ability of the reader. This opinion is also expressed in political guiding documents for the school system and cultural sector. This paper's main hypothesis is that there is no assembled theoretic ground for the statement that reading of fiction develops the empathic ability. The investigation consists of two parts, the first being theoretical and the second empirical. Definitions of what empathy and reading is, are reviewed in the first part.

Background:Public health is a concern of many important areas of society and it`s important that Sweden works with the health of the individual through the eleven public health areas. Health isn`t longer only a objective but even a resource. That`s why the society works with the health of the individual through a salutogenic perspective, about what can preserve or enhance the health of the individual.Aim:The aim of this study is to find out what the staff at a nursing home has views of what health can bring, and also study how health affects their ability to work. Also to study the employee`s apprehension of the wellness reimbursement that employer offers them.Material and Method:A qualitative method was used to obtain results from eight interviews with health care workers in Skåne. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using content analysis.Results:For the interview person?s health means to feel good and be healthy.

The purpose of this developmental research was to test the new way of working when the students were to take part in planning of cooking during the lessons in home and consumer studies, because the aim of the school is to teach the students to take the responsibility for their studies. The two first lessons should be used by students in the group to plan and organize their meal. During the third lesson the students must be responsible for cooking ready their meal and afterwards they must evaluate the results. The results of this new way of working was new for the students and they thought it was fun to be responsible for cooking during these lessons in home economics. The students in the groups were of wixed ability and they developed their knowledge from the levels of their ability.

One trend that can be seen in the EU countries is that employees want to exit from the workforce before they turn 60 years. A Dutch study of some EU countries has noticed that an early retirement from labor in many countries is considered as a social right. This has created an ?early exit-culture?. Large early outflows of the labor have created an institutionalization, the right to cease work early.

The Swedish Tax Agency is a government authority whose mission is to collect taxes and fees for financing the public sector and welfare in Sweden. Under the last decade the tax gap in Sweden has been constant and small businesses with a max turnover of 25 millions Swedish crowns are the biggest group in the tax gap. In the government inquiry about abolishment of statutory audit for small businesses (2008) there has been laid some proposals that the Swedish Tax Agency should get new control tools and increased rights to control small businesses tax accounts. In the science some controversies exists about tax authority?s ability to get taxpayers to pay taxes and fees to the society through using deterrence and compellence control methods versus more service? This ground has guided us to our presentation of a problem: ?How the Swedish Tax Agency works with influencing small businesses behaviour through preventive actions and controls?? The purpose of this study is to research and understand how the Swedish Tax Agency works in their control activities to influence small businesses behaviours regarding taxes and fees.

Preciform AB är ett legotillverkande företag i Eskilstuna som har specialiserats sig på djupdragning, svetsning, slipning och formning av tunnplåt samt ytbehandling och montering. Företaget har som en del av sin produktion montage av Scuffplate till Volvo XC90-R-design.Från 2012 kommer VCC att ändra utseende på XC90-R-design, vilket innebär för Preciforms del att det blir en förväntad ökning av dagstakten samt att det kommer ställa ökade krav på logistiken runt Scuffplatemonteringen, vilket dagens process inte är anpassad för. Syftet med det här examensarbetet, som är en del av en förstudie på Preciform är att förbättra monteringsprocessen, skapa en överskådlig hantering samt lagerutrymme för ett ökat antal artiklar av ingående material.Tidsstudier av genomloppstid, processtid, godshantering och transporter samt gångstudie genomfördes för att identifiera förbättringsåtgärder, där de olika studierna tjänade som underlag vid beräkningar och jämförelser före och efter implementering av förbättringsåtgärder.Analyser av studierna visade att en av scuffplatemonteringens sex klart avgränsade stationer hade en högre genomloppstid än de andra. Föreslagna förbättringsåtgärder har syftat till att jämna ut takten i monteringsprocessen och reducera waste.En ny layout presenterades och efter viss modifiering implementerades den tillsammans med merparten av förbättringsförslagen.Beräkningar av tillgänglig tid i monteringen visar att en annan arbetsfördelning och indelning av stationer är möjlig i ett fortsatt förbättringsarbete.Jämförelser mellan gammal och ny layout visar på en reduktion av waste i genomloppstiden med 32 procent och en stegreducering med 30 procent.En fortsatt verksamhetsutveckling kommer att reducera tid och steg ytterligare. Resultaten av vidtagna förbättringsåtgärder kan utgöra grunden för en ny förbättringsprocess enligt principerna för Demings hjul.

Problem/frågeställningar: När företagsledare runt om i världen ska ta beslut uppgår 40% av dessa beslut till att baseras på magkänslan. Ett påstående kring konkurrensfördelar och magkänsla är att ?ett av de största hindren för konkurrensfördelar är att agera enbart på magkänsla eller intuition?. Denna uppsats tar fasta på det påståendet och granskar hur BI, ett verktyg som stödjer företagsledarna i sina beslut, spelar in. Ett synsätt för att studera konkurrensfördelar är det resursbaserade synsättet, där resurser följaktligen är grunden i det som skapar konkurrensfördelar.

Det första systemet som skapades för att integrera alla affärstransaktioner var ERP-systemet som skapades 1960. Detta system samlar verksamhetens data i olika databaser och för att kunna hantera och analysera denna data har utvecklare skapat ett BI-system. Detta system extraherar data och omvandlar den till användbar information som kan bidra till en underlättad och förbättrad styrning. Författarna av viss litteratur påstår att information är viktig för alla verksamheter då det är avgörande för ett beslutsfattande. Med hjälp av ett BI-system kan verksamheten få denna efterfrågade information samt att chefer med hjälp av systemet kan fatta taktiska och strategiska beslut. Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva högskolor och universitets förväntningar på ett BI-system och jämföra dessa med de fördelar som viss litteratur utlovar.

The combat mission is an extreme situation with high demands of the soldier. Killing might very well be necessary. Before a mission a soldier can experience stress due to these factors. The purpose of this paper is to find methods to handle stress due to an upcoming combat mission and to the prospect of having to kill. The main questions of this essay: -How can certain parts of the physiological psychology improve a soldiers ability to perform a mission? ? Is the Swedish soldier mentally prepared to kill? The theory for this essay has been described using litteratur by experts within the field, and the results thereafter discussed.

Förr i tiden fanns det marknadsplatser där människor utbytte varor så som mat och kläder - dagens marknadsplatser kallas idag mässor och fyller en viktig funktion i att utveckla det globala samhället. Mässor är idag en viktig del i företags- och konsumenters utveckling. Det är viktigt att företag vet hur de på bästa sätt ska agera före, under och efter mässan för att lyckas så bra som möjligt. Vi har använt oss utav en teoretisk modell vid namn Trade Fair Intelligence, för att få med alla delar som berör ett mässdeltagande.Uppsatsens undersökning bygger på att vi har utfört en dold observation på en verklig blomster- och inredningsmässa, för att se hur kunder och personal beter sig under en mässa. Vilka problem som kan uppstå och vilka metoder som är bäst för att lösa dem.

The aim of this paper is to examine the capacity for ethical reasoning of Swedish certi-fied auditors in the five largest accounting firms in Stockholm, and also how ethics courses affect the auditors' ability to ethically statement. To calculate the auditors ability to ethical statement, questionnaire has been used. The questionnaire is based on a psychological instrument, the so-called Defining Issues Test. At the beginning of the questionnaire some questions are asked about the ethics courses. From the questionnaire a calculation was made of an average index called p-score (Principled score).

The war between Georgia and Russia awakened the world pretty brutally when a small country like Georgia tried to restore order in South Ossetia. The war between the two countries took place over five days in August 2008. This paper discusses the Russian operational art and its development after the war. The starting point is to test the traditional and classic Russian theory of operational art. The aim is to describe and discuss the Russian operational experience and any developments and trends in the Russian Federation's armed forces. The purpose of describing the theory behind the operational art is to create an independent analysis model. The essay?s analysis is based entirely from qualitative research with the collection of qualitative data in the form of texts and documents with a holistic perspective. Initially, the theory chapter is created from an inductive approach to identify, define and describe the operational concept and principles, creating a theoretical model of explanation. The developed analytical model is based on the Russian theory of operational art and takes off from a deductive approach to the collected empirical data. The results of the performed analysis results are interpreted and the product of this presented in the operational conclusions. Russia had a strategic ability to win the war by means of strategic resources related to tempo, simplicity and shock effect on the Georgian troops. Russia carries out a variety of reforms and the outcome of the war demonstrates the importance of Russia having a strategic capacity to make use of one in the type of conflict that Georgia represents. This success shows that the strategic capabilities are initially a success factor, while the deficiencies in the operational and tactical levels cannot be accepted in the long run, but must be developed.