In the current situation in the housing market and in particular the inner city much attention is directed towards achieved prices per square meter in sales. The indicator is as a principle an appropriate measure of the housing market?s health and development, and can to some extent be used to make approximations of the general economic health status of municipalities and counties. It occurs occasionally that questions about whether prices are based on fundamentals at all times.The thesis questions that very issue, not from a macro accompanying financial perspective but rather from a microeconomic perspective, where each tenant ownership in the study is a micro-object. Are the observed prices per square meter rational relative to housing cooperative?s assets or is there a lack in the observed prices anchoring the respective association's finances.

År 1996 presenterade IMF och Världsbanken det så kallade HIPC-initiativet. Initiativet har inneburit omfattande skuldavskrivningar för HIPC-länderna. Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka om HIPC-initiativet är ett effektivt verktyg för att gynna ekonomisk tillväxt. Med hjälp av teorier så som "debt overhang" och "crowding-out" samt empiriska studier från diverse ekonomiska forskare så visar uppsatsen på ett samband mellan höga skulder och låg ekonomisk tillväxt. Vid vilken skuldnivå detta inträffar och vilka orsakerna är råder det dock delade meningar om.

The ever-changing modern health care environment places high demands on leadership skills. The purpose of this study was to describe the causes that effect leadership within the health care services carried out in a municipality. Data was collected by interviewing four health care managers, three registered nurses, eight enrolled nurses and one auxiliary nurse. A qualitative approach based on a content analysis method was conducted in the analysis of the interviews. Latent content deals with relationship aspects and interpretation of deeper underlying meaning of text.

Some researchers claim that we are witnessing the advancement of becoming a network society, and in spite of the different problems associated with the network form of organization, many cities still choose to engage in different types of networks. On account of that the aim of the study is to examine which expectations Swedish member cities of the network Eurotowns might have, and if their actions in the initial period of engagement in Eurotowns mainly could be explained by ?Logic of Consequentiality? or ?Logic of Appropriateness?.A qualitative research method was used and a major part of the empirical material consists of the information given by the interviewees.Regarding the expectations Swedish member cities have on Eurotowns, the result showed that five main areas could be identified mutual resource exchange, activities, breadth, security and meeting place. The results also showed that the actions of Swedish member cities may vary between ?Logic of Consequentiality?, ?Logic of Appropriateness? or a combination of the both logics.Furthermore the study also provides empirical evidence supporting the previously theoretical criticism expressed regarding the central assumption that the strategic actions of an actor can be regarded as a direct consequence of the mutual resource dependency..

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att utreda månadsavgiftens inverkan på bostadsrätters försäljningspris och få en indikation på hur rationellt den studerade marknaden fungerar. Den formella hypotesen är: Leder låg månadsavgift till högt försäljningspris och vice versa? Dessutom undersöks hur månadsavgiften kapitaliseras in i bostadsrätters försäljningspris.Metod: Denna studie baseras på information om bostadsrättsförsäljningar i Gävle under år 2008. En omfattande manuell databehandling har utförts för att kunna genomföra studien. De prispåverkande faktorerna har klassificerats utifrån deras förmodande inverkan på priset.

This thesis investigates how lobbying influences the European Union Strategy for Sustainable and Circular Textiles (2020-2025). It asks which actors dominate, what strategies they use, and how these patterns can be explained by pluralism, corporatism, new institutionalism, and Kl?ver?s exchange logic. Using a qualitative case study with process tracing and text analysis, the study examines consultation data, official EU documents, and transparency reports. Findings show that commercial actors dominate consultations and expert groups, prioritising product-focused measures over systemic change, while transparency gaps enable informal influence.

Dagens planeringsideal innebär en hållbar stadsbyggnad som skapas genom förtätning och blandning av funktioner och trafikslag. Den täta staden argumenteras skapa möjligheter för människan att leva hållbart då bostäder, service och arbete finns inom korta avstånd. Däremot finns det ett annat perspektiv, genom att förtäta och blanda funktioner blir även störningarna i samhället större. En av dessa störningar är buller, som de senare åren har fått stark uppmärksamhet då det kopplats till många hälsoproblem. Målen med den täta staden och buller är inte förenliga.

This paper investigates the relationship between dividends and institutional and foreign ownership in Swedish firms. We use a dataset which covers the Swedish stock market over the period 1999-2009. The institutional ownership is defined as mutual funds, pension funds and insurance companies and these are analysed separately. The study confirms the expected positive relationship between the level of institutional investors in a firm and the size of dividends. We also confirm? the expected negative relationship between foreign investors and the size of dividends paid by Swedish firms.

Den här uppsatsen besvarar frågan om hur den svenska bredbandsstrategin är tänkt att förverkligas och hur ansvarsfördelningen ser ut mellan de inblandade aktörerna. Uppsatsen undersöker även mer specifikt hur ansvarsfördelningen och hanteringen ser ut gällande inkludering och exkluderingen vid deltagandet i byanäten. För att kunna besvara syftet utförs en fallstudie i Uppsala län där fyra stycken kvalitativa intervjuer genomförs med de inblandade parterna: Länsstyrelsen, Tierps kommun, Lidén Data Gruppen samt ett byalag i Månkarbo. Det genomförs även en diskursanalys på utvalda dokument publicerade av regeringen. Detta för att se om landsbygdsborna, i bredbandsutbyggnaden, tillskrivits någon roll och i så fall även hur den rollen motiveras.

The purpose of this project was to find an understanding for why public agents working with introduction of immigrants have decided to co-operate and co-ordinate their efforts. Another purpose was to gain insights in what characterizes this co-operation.Seven interviews were made with practitioners working with these questions on national-, regional- and local levels. The material gathered in this process was then analysed using governance theory and more specific the parts dealing with Joined- up government and Whole- of Government. Two analytic tools were used in the analysis: wicked problems and network.The first of these, wicked problems, was made operational by the use of insecurities. Analysing the interviews along these lines proved very useful in explaining why public agents have decided to try to work together.

Background: Swedish football clubs have lost their competitiveness both economically andgamely. The last time a Swedish team was represented in Champions League was 1999 and last season there were only 2 clubs with positive financial results in Allsvenskan. One factor that has not worked is budgeting where many clubs have budgeted too optimistic and thus not able to make positive results.Purpose: The purpose of this report is to review and analyze how the Swedish football clubs are working with their budgeting. The goal was to identify problems in their budgeting and to find solutions which can be used practically.Methodology: This report is a qualitative study consisting of a cross-sectional study of how Swedish football clubs are working on budgeting in 2014. Data collection has primarily consisted of interviews of budgetmakers in the clubs.

Detta examensarbete syftar till att ge en o?vergripande uppfattning om hur man kan arbeta med barn fo?r att introducera flersta?mmighet. Jag har tagit del av relevant litteratur samt utfo?rt intervjuer av tre pedagoger med erfarenheter ba?de inom undervisning i vanlig skolklass samt musikklass och ko?r med antagningsprov.Jag har underso?kt hur man kan ga? tillva?ga i arbetet med flersta?mmighet, vilken betydelse den unisona sa?ngen har fo?r flersta?mmighet, och vad som avgo?r om undervisningen baseras pa? geho?rsinla?rning eller med hja?lp av noter.Av min underso?kning kan jag dra flera slutsatser. Den unisona sa?ngen anses vara en fo?rutsa?ttning fo?r flersta?mmighet, men flersta?mmighet tycks a?ven vara ett sa?tt att fo?rfina den unisona sa?ngen.

The world is getting smaller. Global markets, political processes and communication technology bring people together. Even though many of these processes are dynamic and constructive, they have also resulted in a need for better and more effective ways of international conflict resolution. This thesis investigates central issues connected to the concept of humanitarian interventions in relation to current and future legislation of the European Union. The overall question is whether the rapid globalization process has resulted in a change of international law towards more liberal view where authorization of the security council is not always needed? And, if there has actually been such a liberalization, how does that affect the legal possibilities for the European Union to carry out armed operations without the consent of the global community?The conclusion of the thesis is that international law has been modified mainly in two aspects: First, the concept of sovereignty is no longer seen merely as a right of the nation, but also as a responsibility.

Idag kan företag tvingas till stora och snabba förändringar för att behålla sin plats på marknaden. Ett bra beslutsunderlag underlättar för att besluten om dessa förändringar ska bli gynnsamma. Dagens BI-system ger företagen möjlighet att utifrån företagens olika datakällor ta ut rapporter som kan användas i arbetet med styrning och beslutsfattande. Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva och analysera hur BI-system kan användas i styrningen på flera nivåer i två stora svenska företag för att stödja beslutsfattande. För att få en djupare förståelse för ämnet valde vi att göra en kvalitativ undersökning med en deduktiv ansats.

With this essay we want to describe the transformation process that the real estate owner has to go through to sell the current rented flats to tenant. We also want to provide an understanding how the valuation is performed in the transformation process and highlight the issues that affects the price in the valuations. In the essay we would like to see if the valuation and the transformation process differ in a public real estate company compared to a private real estate company. Based on this we have asked us the following question to answer: -Is there any differences in how real estate?s are valued in the transformation process between public real estate companies and private real estate companies? We have used a qualitative approach to keep our main question.