Dieselmotorn har varit, och är fortfarande, den vanligaste motortypen för tungamilitära fordon, däribland Stridsfordon 90 [CV 90). Detta beror på att dieselmotorn ären allmänt välanvänd, välbeprövad och pålitlig motor med relativt lågbränsleförbrukning och hög verkningsgrad. Eftersom diesel framställs ur råolja som ärett fossilt bränsle så är det nödvändigt att inom en viss framtid ersätta dieselmotornmed en annan motortyp eller ett annat bränsle. Denna rapport är en sammanställningav en studie som gjorts med avseende på dessa faktorer. Olika alternativ har studeratshuruvida de är lämpliga som framtida ersättare för dagens dieselmotor.

Samhället är ständig förändring vad avser den ej organiserade småbrottsligheten. Det blir fler och fler av de så kallade enmansfötetagen där man gör affärer som inte ryms inom lagens ramar. Dessa små ?enmansband? gör sig snabba och stora pengar genom liten arbetsinsats. De som drabbas är de som oftast lämnar sin saker utan uppsikt när arbetsdagen är slut och mörkret faller över nejden.

This Master Thesis covers the concept of Green Cars. The background to the research area is the high and rapidly growing number of cars, which together with other factors ad to the pollution of the environment. Under the Kyoto agreement the signing members agreed to lower the emissions of green house gases, further on the EU has a 3-pillar strategy on carbon dioxide and cars. Included in the EU strategy is a voluntary commitment from the car industry to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from new cars. The easiest way of lowering the emissions is by using alternative fuels and engines.

Med HCCI motorn sker förbränning på två olika sätt. Dels har den en Otto förbränning som en vanlig bensinmotor med tändstift och dels har den kompressionsantändning av bränslet som i en Diesel. Dessa två förbränningssätt kräver olika förhållanden på bränsle/luft blandningen. För att lösa detta har en variabel luftpump utvecklats.Utvecklingen skedde med hjälp an systematisk produktutveckling där ett funktions/medel träd användes för att ta fram olika koncept. Fem olika kompressortyper jämfördes och flera olika sätt att driva pumpen samt att reglera luftflödet.

Marinediesel Sweden AB i Ängelholm tillverkar och utvecklar båtmotorer och motorbåtsdrev. Jaggjorde mitt exobb på avdelningen MD Engineering som huvudsakligen utvecklar marina drivlinor.Marinediesel Sweden AB var i behov av ett styrprogram till den testbänk de byggt för att kunna testasina motorbåtsdrev. Denna rapport beskriver arbetet jag utfört för att färdigställa och optimera ettstyrprogram till en testrigg för marina drivlinor. I rapporten tar jag upp drevbänkens uppbyggnad, dessfunktion samt de problem jag stött på på vägen. Bland annat beskrivs hur effektförlusten beräknasmed energidifferensen i tillförd och bortförd olja i drevet, samt hur det pålagda vridmomentet, somsimulerar belastningen vid verkliga driftsförhållanden, styrs och beräknas med endast trycket ihydraulcylindrarna..

This master thesis was a continuation of a previous study in the diesel exhaust characterization, which is part of the academical work embedded in the EMIR-1 project. The main objective of this thesis work was to finish the installation and make the proper modifications of the particulate mass measuring system located in one of the engine test cells at KTH, in order to be able to measure the mass of the particles from the exhaust of diesel engines.This experiment requires a diluted flow sample from the exhaust that should be sent to the device that makes possible the measurement of particle mass, called TEOM. In the first stage of this project, the objective was to study and make the proper modifications in the existing KTH diluter because there were several problems to obtain a constant dilution ratio from it during tests.This modifications were made and it resulted in a great improvement in the maximum inlet and outlet flow that this diluter can handle. Therefore another modification is proposed for controlling the inlet exhaust flow so it will be possible to regulate the dilution ratio and make it constant along a wide range of engine loads and speeds.The second and most important stage was to make particulate mass measurements possible by analyzing the frequency signal from the TEOM device. The idea was to obtain the frequency of oscillation from the tapered element in the TEOM, and therefore with the proper correlations, be able to predict the particulate mass concentration in the exhaust flow from the engine.An electrical problem in the TEOM circuit was detected and corrected, so the signal that carries the frequency from the TEOM can be analyzed properly.

This master thesis sets out to compare the different public transport modes in Stockholm city.Both energy consumption and air pollution are compared. The chosen transport methods are car,bus and metro.Traditionally the rail industry has had environmental arguments as a strong competitiveadvantage when it comes to passenger transportation. However, in recent years the automotiveindustry has been getting more positive media attention regarding environmental issues, forexample Roger Kemp?s statement that the car is the most environmental friendly passengertransportation mode in the UK. This study will show the environmental advantages of railwaytraffic in cities.The energy sources of the world are not endless and the use of the different sources affects theenvironment in different ways.

AbstractThe purpose of this bachelor thesis is to describe the use of artificial insemination (AI) in sheep and discuss the possibilities for AI in Sweden. Male and female fertility, heat detection, semen handling and insemination techniques in sheep are described. Advantages and disadvantages of AI are discussed. In order to achieve genetic progress it is important with well planned and implemented breeding programs. The Swedish Sheep Recording Scheme and computer software from Elitlamm are the basis for sheep breeding in Sweden.

One of the most common ways to produce heat and electricity in Europe today is by the incineration of waste or combustion of coal. These materials can be very sulfurous and during combustion sulfur dioxide is produced. This is an environmental and health related toxic substance which is why power plants have strict regulations on removing it from the flue gas. Sulfur dioxide is removed from the flue gas by adding a limestone reagent. The sulfur dioxide reacts with the limestone and the synthetic product obtained is ?Flue Gas Desulfurization gypsum?.

Pheromones are chemical substances representing very specific signal messages within a species. Although a lot remains unknown about their precise effects, it is known that pheromones influence the behaviour of the receiver. Since the mid 1990s, when it was first possible to synthesise analogues of two fractions of feline facial pheromone, F3 (Feliway®) and F4 (Felifriend®), these have been used in so called pheromonotherapy to treat behavioural problems in cats. The initial use of pheromones for specific behavioural problems has been extended to cover the wide field of stress related issues. This studycontains a questionnaire where veterinary nurses and surgeons at 50 Swedish veterinary hospitals and clinics were asked about their use of synthetic analogues to feline facial pheromones in the care and treatment of cats.

The soybean can be used in multiple ways, and its high oil content makes it suitable for extraction. Soy bean meal, a by-product of the oil extraction, is a good source of protein with a high feeding value, and is therefore used in a number of different animal feeds. Further, soy bean meal has a low production price, which is one of the reasons for the extensive export of the product. There is a great demand for vegetable-based proteins, especially in the organic production where synthetic amino acids are banned. However, the current production of soy beans is not environmentally sound and that combined with the long transport distances amplifies the need of finding a locally produced protein source.

AbstractThe dependency of fossil fuels in the transport sector causes large emissions of carbondioxide. This problem can we reduce by using vehicle gas from digested solid manure and leftover of pasture. I have studied the potential for this in the county of Västernorrland. Thepurpose is to investigate how much vehicle gas that can be extracted.One central, large scale digestion and upgrade plant should be placed in Härnösand. Theamount of pasture and manure that is economical and practical available is enough to produce2,7-3,5 millions Nm3 vehicle gas.

The purpose with our study was to see if and how the amount of articles regarding different sports has changed during the last three decades. If it had changed our target was to se how and why it had changed. We have performed a quantitative content analysis. In the analysis we have studied the two national Swedish newspapers Dagens Nyheter and Aftonbladet. In doing so we have created two synthetic weeks in each of the years 1986, 1999 and 2012.

En utforskande studie gjordes i syfte att se om extraktion kan utföras på oljan som erhålls efter pyrolysav ved, för att denna olja ska lämpa sig bättre för användning som drivmedel. Det erhölls tre fraktionerfrån en pyrolysfabrik, varav två var energirika och kunde användas för att extrahera ut organisktmaterial. Extraktion utfördes med vattenlösningar för att minska kemikalieanvändningen och undvikakontaminering av den organiska fasen. Vakuumdestillation och filtrering användes också somkompletterande separationsprocesser. Parametrarna som användes var utbyte, TAN-tal och pH.

This paper evaluates the prospects for utilizing aquaculture effluents as a nutrient source in organic hydroponic, as is the case in aquaponics. The development of organic hydroponics is dependent on replacing synthetic fertilizers with organically derived nutrients, such as those found in aquaculture effluents. Also, in hydroponic cultivation the establishment of a plant pathogen suppressive micro flora is part of the plant protection strategy. Therefore, both nutritional and microbial qualities of aquaculture water and organic hydroponic nutri-ent solution were analyzed and compared. Results showed both aquaculture water and or-ganic hydroponic solution to be deficient in a number of essential elements, although or-ganic hydroponic solution was closer to recommendations.