Castration of dogs holds many reasons and opinions, therefore methods, traditions and rea-sons vary. The approaches have during time changed from mostly surgical castrations to also including hormonal treatments. Castration is used to control the dog's reproductive abilities, for medical reasons and to possibly rectify problems of behavioral nature. How common a particular method of castration is in a country is highly dependent on the country's traditions. In Sweden it is most common with castration for medical reasons, such as possible elimina-tion of diseases, for example, benign colorectal tumors.

Numerical simulations play a vital role in both static and dynamic stability assessment of electric power systems and the foreseeing of voltage collapse. Simulations performed by Svenska Kraftnät(SvK) are mainly done in the specialized voltage collapse predicting software tool, SPICA and the more all?purpose software tool, ARISTO.The grid operators at SvK use SPICA to predict the maximum transfer limit at specified sections (in this report the section in concerns is the southern part of Sweden i.e. interface1 4). SPICA is mainly used as an online application by using actual states from the grid, these states update every quarter of an hour.This thesis is a continuation of the master thesis SPICA ? ARISTO JÄMFÖRELSE by Jakob Katzman and Johan Fält.

The purpose of this work was that with the help of a literature review have a single document with information on how the various species: brown bear (Ursus arctos), lynx (Lynx lynx) and the wolf (Canis lupus) living in the wild. The aim was also to show which stereotypic behaviours these different species have in zoos and the enrichments that is already being used and to make suggestions and recommendations on enrichment based on animal behaviour ecology. In zoos, some species thrive well while others have propositions to propagating problems, poor health and stereotypic behaviors. The brown bear, lynx and wolf, live both in the wild and in zoos in Sweden. As these animals have different ways of living in the wild, it is important to accommodate to each species, the way they are kept in zoos in accordance with their behavioural ecology.Brown bears are omnivorous and solitary living species with large energy needs so that they spend most of their day to actively feeding but also rest.

Stump wood was used between 1850 and 1950 for production of tar and as firewood. In the 1950s the use decreased because of the introduction of the cheap fossil oil. In the 1970s stump wood became an interesting issue again as a raw material for the pulp industry. Stump lifting has today become a possible source for bioenergy. The objectives with this study were to investigate the productivity of stump lifting and stump extraction, and to analyse the economy.

Syftet med denna studie a?r att underso?ka hur tva? terrorda?d har skildrats i Aftonbladet. De studerade terrorda?den a?r attacken mot Charlie Hebdos redaktion i januari 2015 samt terrorattentatet i Ko?penhamn i februari samma a?r. De fra?gor som ligger till grund fo?r underso?kningen a?r: Hur skildras de ba?da ha?ndelserna i Aftonbladet? Hur framsta?lls offer respektive fo?ro?vare? Hur yttrar sig diskussionen om yttrandefrihet? Finns det na?gra likheter och skillnader i rapporteringen, exempelvis vad det ga?ller na?rhetsprincipen? Jag har dessutom valt att underso?ka hur Aftonbladet har fo?rha?llit sig till de pressetiska reglerna.Fo?r att besvara mina fra?gesta?llningar har jag valt att utga? fra?n de tva? fo?rsta dagarna av rapporteringarna, samt tva? sammanha?ngande dagar en vecka efter rapporteringens fo?rsta dag.

The fungus Gremmeniella abietina causes damage to conifers that can lead to tree death. In 1999 and 2001 the pathogen caused severe attacks in Sweden, where about 500 000 ha of pine forest were affected. Trees of all ages were attacked, but mainly forests between 30-60 years that were ready for their first commercial thinning. After recommendations from the forest agency, sanitary fellings were made to trees that had more needle loss than 85%, a total of about 50 000 ha. Economic losses have been estimated to more than one billion SEK.

During and after World War II Sweden was spying in the occupied Baltic countries which had been occupied, from 1943 by Nazi Germany and from 1944 by the Soviet Union. It began in 1943, with the Germans still occupying the Baltic countries, when Sweden and its intelligence service ?C-byrån? recruited volunteers among the Baltic refugees in Sweden and sent them back to the countries they had fled from. Many of the Baltic refugees to Sweden were men aged 25-45 so the Swedish intelligence service had a good recruiting source. This started the first period of intelligence operations in the three Baltic countries.

AbstractThe purpose of project is to study the possibility for Borås Energy & Environment to build and run a commercial ethanol production facility in Borås. The project also studies the technology for the production of ethanol using renewable energy, e.g. lignocelluloses with focus on two processes, svag-syra hydrolyse and enzymatic hydrolyse. The technology of the process is based of hydrolysation of biomass (hemicelluloses and cellulose) to sugar and extract it to ethanol. These two techniques will compare with each other to determine which of them that it?s more suitable for ethanol production.

Feline asthma is a condition very similar to the respiratory disease affecting humans. It is causing, among other things, a constriction of the bronchial airways, an increase of mucus production and damage to, or erosion of, the epithelial membrane. The symptoms occur intermittently and do, in most cases, evolve during a long period of time. The aim of this essay was to investigate whether there are any nursing routines for feline patients with asthma in animal clinics and animal hospitals in Sweden, and if so, to compare similarities and differences. A literary study of research material also led to a suggestion of how to form a nursing routine for this type of patient.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) är ett samlingsnamn för en grupp inflammatoriska tarmsjukdomar och en av de vanligaste orsakerna till kroniska mag-tarmsymtom hos hund. Orsakerna till IBD är inte helt fastställda men tarmslemhinnans immunförsvar, bakterieflora, genetiska faktorer och miljöfaktorer anses vara centrala för tillståndet. En av de mest utbredda uppfattningarna är att sjukdomen uppkommer som ett resultat av bristande immunologisk tolerans som gör att immunförsvaret felaktigt går till attack mot harmlösa antigen. Syftet med den här litteraturstudien var att undersöka vilken roll Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) har i IBD, hur tarmbarriären påverkar risken för sjukdomen, vilka förändringar av tarmfloran som setts hos IBD-hundar och hur floran påverkar sjukdomsuppkomst. Litteraturen menar att en defekt tarmbarriär är en av de nyckelfaktorer som hör ihop med IBD. Ökad permeabilitet i tarmen kan öka exponeringen, och därmed interaktion, mellan antigen och immunförsvar vilket inducerar inflammation. Oavsett om en defekt tarmbarriär uppkommer som en effekt av sjukdomen eller om det är en direkt orsak till IBD så är det troligen viktigt för att det ska bli kroniskt.

Sammanfattning Kisel (Si) är det näst vanligaste ämnet (drygt 25 %) i berggrunden. Bara en del av detta är tillgängligt som monokiselsyra, den form i vilken kisel är upptagbart för växter. Jordens kiselinnehåll är beroende av bergets vittring. Mycket höga halter av kisel återfinns i naturen i vulkaniska substrat (pimpsten innehåller drygt 66 % Si och scoria närmare 47 % Si), i diatomit (ett mineral bestående av resterna från encelliga kiselhaltiga alger, s.k. diatoméer) innehållande 66 % Si, scoria approximatly 47% Si), in diatomite (a mineral consisting of the remainings of single celled algae, diatoms containing < 40 % Si) and in some clays (30-60% Si).

Oilseed rape is an important crop in Sweden and is grown on about 90000 ha today. The interest in oil seed pro-duction is increasing because of growing demand and high prices for oil seed both in Sweden and Europe. However, an increased intensity in the oil seed production can bring higher risk of yield losses due to fungal diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate what different fungi are associated with oilseed rape under field conditions and if their incidence is correlated to crop establishment problems. This study was carried out in three parts: 1) investigations on fungal community structure in roots and rhizosphere soils from young spring- and winter rape plants sampled in failed respectively good establishment patches in four fields, 2) investigations on the pathogenicity of fungi isolated from oilseed rape in controlled environment and 3) investigations on the effect of different fungicide seed treatments on germination and early plant development in a field soil naturally infested with damping off- and Verticillium wilt pathogens. The studies on community structure using a combined approach of standard fungal isolation techniques and DNA based methods revealed a high fungal diversity in three out of four studied fields of spring rape and winter rape. For some unknown reason, very few fungal species were identified from the fourth field.

Denna undersökning analyserar debatten som försiggick i två svenska tidningar, valåret 1991, kring den av socialdemokraterna föreslagna gymnasiereformen.Reformen var frukten av ett långt politiskt förarbete där viljan att förändra gymnasieskolan inte bara var en partipolitisk fråga utan även något fackförbund som bland annat TCO länge arbetat för den. Ambitionen med reformen var att skapa ett gymnasium där alla elever skulle gå i tre år. Genom detta ville Socialdemokraterna utjämna kunskapsklyftorna mellan elever som gick yrkesinriktade program och de som läste på mer teoretiskt inriktade linjer.Frågor började dock dyka upp under de första månaderna på det nya året. Hur skulle reformen finansieras? Hur skulle lärareresurserna fördelas för ett stort antal elever som nu också skulle läsa fördjupade teoretiska kurser under lika lång tid som alla andra? Den politiska opinionen i Sverige var inte sen med att blåsa till attack och i både Svenska Dagbladet och i Lärarnas tidning höjdes kritiska röster.Syftet med min undersökning blev att försöka analysera vilka huvudargument som fördes fram i tidningarna, för eller emot reformen.

I det här arbetet behandlas nödvärnsinstitutet med inriktning på den försvarlighetsbedömningsom företas, för att avgöra huruvida det våld som använts i självförsvar kan anses vararättsenligt. Särskilt utrymme har ägnats åt att beskriva hur denna bedömning påverkas av detfaktum att det för den nödvärnshandlande funnits andra ur våldssynpunkt mindre allvarligahandlingsvägar än den som använts för att avvärja ett angrepp.Framställningen inleds med att en översiktlig bild av nödvärnsrätten presenteras. Här fastslåsinledningsvis att nödvärn, som stadgas i 24 kap. 1§ BrB, är en så kallad objektivansvarsfrihetsgrund. Härmed menas att det är oväsentligt för bedömningen vad dennödvärnshandlande hade för uppsåt med sin handling.

The aim with this thesis was to investigate what characterises an English Arts and Crafts garden how they could be modernised in Sweden. My research was limited to 20 weeks of full-time writing and worth 30 ECTS. Through literature studies, interviews and site visits I could analyse my findings which resulted in a concrete garden design project. The Arts and Crafts was a movement that started in England during the 1880?s and evolved as a reaction towards the industrialisation. The influence came from the writings and practices of John Ruskin (1819-1900) and William Morris (1834-1896) who advocated the importance of craftsmanship. The Arts and Crafts movement also became a ?recipe for life? and was associated with a healthy and morally pure way of living.