Användningen av biomarkörer inom medicin är ett viktigt verktyg för att ställa diagnos och fatta terapetiska beslut. Surfaktant protein D (SP-D) har visat sig vara en lovande biomarkör för perifera lungsjukdomar på humansidan och har därför även börjat studeras inom veterinärmedicinen. Surfaktant protein D är ett relativt lungspecifikt protein och produceras främst i perifera delar av lungorna, f.f.a av claraceller i bronkioler och typ II pneumocyter i alveoler. Det fungerar som ett akutfasprotein med liknande egenskaper som kollektiner och är därför viktigt för medfödda immunförsvaret. Förutom detta har det också visat sig vara grundläggande för normala lunghomeostasen genom att utgöra en beståndsdel i surfaktant. Mekanismerna bakom dess funktion i lungan är dock inte helt klarlagda. Eftersom SP-D är så basalt för lungan påverkas det ofta kraftigt vid perifera lungskador.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic respiratory disease with an estimated incidence of 3-6 cases per 100 000 inhabitants in Sweden. There is no cure for the disease, which inevitably leads to death. A similar disease has been found among terrier dogs, with an especially high prevalence in the West Highland White Terrier (WHWT). Dogs with pulmonary fibrosis become lethargic with exercise intolerance, and in some cases they develop cough and respiratory distress. This thesis gives a brief review of the field of pulmonary fibrosis and presents a method for analyzing surfactant proteins in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in the dog.

An inflammatory reaction is induced after release of proinflammatory mediators such asinterleukin 1 and 6 and tumour necrosis factor ?. These mediators stimulate the liver tosuppress the syntheses of albumin and endure the syntheses of acute phase protein forinstance C-reactive protein. The aim of this paper was to perform a method validation on animmune turbidimetric assay to quantify C-reactive protein in canine serum at the laboratory atSkara Animals Hospital, Skara, Sweden. The validation involved evaluation of the assaylinearity, precision, stability and recovery.The method was proved to be linear for both TruLab control and Medinor control.

Abstract:In previous experiments with the bacterium Ideonella dechloratans a probable sequencecoding for a cytochrome c protein (cyt c) was observed, the sequence is assumed to have afunction in the bacterial respiratory chain. Detection attempts have been made to try to findthis protein, but have not succeeded. The purpose of this project is to detect the expressionof mRNA associated with the cytochrome c. And if it is detected, it will also be investigated ifthere is any difference in expression of the mRNA due to aerobic or anaerobic environment.Total RNA was purified from cultures grown under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. cDNAwas then synthesized using reverse transcriptase and subsequently amplified with thespecific primers in a qRT-PCR.qRT-PCR testing showed a distinct amplification of primer product, confirming that I.dechloratans expresses mRNA coding for the cyt c protein.

Kosten har stor betydelse för den idrottande individens prestation och hälsa. Trots det är det få idrottsutövare som följer kostrekommendationerna för sin idrottsgren. Styrketränande individer får ofta i sig mer protein än de behöver och under de senaste åren har användningen av proteintillskott ökat. Ett för högt intag av protein kan vara skadligt för hälsan och kostsamt för såväl plånbok som miljö. Tidigare forskning har visat ett samband mellan attityder och beteenden, vilket innebär att det är av intresse att undersöka individers attityder om man vill förändra deras beteende.

Syftet med den här litteraturstudien var att undersöka effekten av hög protein- och fettrik kost på styrketräning. De flesta dagliga matvaror innehåller oftast både protein och fett förutom rena kolhydratkällor, vilka har olika effekt på kroppen vid styrketräning. Styrketräning kan påverka proteinsyntesen, muskelhypertrofi, lipolys och fettoxidationen i kroppen. Dessa processer influeras av mängden protein eller fett som konsumeras, vilken typ av protein eller fett som konsumeras samt tidpunkten intaget sker i relation till styrketräning.Studier har visat att ett högt proteinintag i kombination med styrketräning kan leda till ökad muskelmassa och viktnedgång på grund av en ökad proteinsyntes, lipolys och fettoxidation. Tidigare forskning visar också att ett ökat fettintag stimulerar lipolys och fettoxidationen hos individer.

Cyanobacteria belong to the oldest organisms of our planet. They use photosynthesis to produce ATP and gain biomass from carbon dioxide. The cyanobacteria Nostoc punctiforme is a filamentous bacterium that consists of two different types of cells, vegetative cells and heterocysts. The type of cell it differentiates into depends on the media they grow in. In an ammonium-rich medium, the N.punctiforme consists of vegetative cells that differentiate into heterocysts when in the medium is changed to a low-concentration ammonium medium.

Som SPA-terapeuter kommer vi att arbeta mycket med huden och få mycket frågor på hur man tar hand om sin hud på bästa sätt. Därför vill vi studera samband mellan hud och näringsämnen i kosten för att se om kosten kan påverka hudtillståndet. Vår fråga är därför påverkas huden av fett, kolhydrater och protein i kosten?Vi undersöker tre av våra största näringsämnen vilka är kolhydrater, protein och fett genom att titta på vetenskapliga artiklar som har gjorts inom området..

The purpose with this literature study was to investigate the possibilities for improvement of forage protein in dairy cows with focus on feeding strategies and conservation of forage protein. The utilization of forage protein in dairy cows is often not that efficient as it could be. The feed crude protein consists of both true proteins and non protein nitrogen. The digestion of proteins in the rumen depends on the protein degradation rate and the ability of the microbes to synthesize microbial protein. The microbes need a balance between carbohydrates that provide them with energy and proteins that are degradable in the rumen.

Protein is an important component in various milk products and has a crucial role in the final quality. Excluding non-protein nitrogen, bovine milk contains about 3.3% protein whereas about 80% of this fraction consists of casein. There are four major members in the casein family: ?s1-casein, ?s2- casein, ?-casein and ?-casein. Proteolytic enzymes are the cause of degradation of the economically important milk proteins.

The purpose of this study was to examine whether urea could be an option as a nitrogen source for young cattle, the study was limited to risks related to feeding, growth and feed efficiency. Microbes in ruminants have the ability to convert nitrogen to protein, this has been highlighted by beef producers as they are in search of cheap protein feed resources. Urea can be a worthy source of nitrogen for growing young animals, because of its high nitrogen content and the low price. Studies have shown that the replacement of a portion of the total protein content by urea in diets with low content of crude protein, like corn silage, may improve animal growth and feed efficiency. Replacement of all the true protein with urea can result in reduced feed intake and microbial growth.

The aim of this paper was to explain protein degradation in silage and protein quality and biogenic amines in silage and their effects on the health of the dairy cows. After harvest-ing, the plant proteases degrade the proteins in the plant. The protein degrades to different fractions with different digestibilites in the rumen. Fraction A contains non- protein nitro-gen which is peptides, free amino acids and amines. True protein is in the fraction B and is further divided into three subfractions depending on their solubility.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is becoming a more common diagnosis of younger children. In recent years the perception that some ingredients in our food may have a negative effect regarding the symptoms in children with ADHD has grown stronger. Children with ADHD often suffer from irritated bowel syndromes which affect their ability to digest food. This may result in malnutrition as well as a release of substances that are harmful.The purpose of this report is to compile and illustrate the knowledge of how special food, particular milk protein and gluten, may affect the symptoms of children with ADHD. Also, the report aims to evaluate if there should be changes made in Kindergarten to increase the well-being of these children.

Organic layers and broilers will according to (EEG) no 2092/91 be fed 100 % organic feeds in year 2012, which is expected to present problems associated with the specific protein requirements of poultry. This document aims at describing the feedstuffs that possibly may constitute a part of the solution to these problems. Peas, field beans, naked oats, canola, hempseed and sunflower come out as interesting feedstuffs. Biproducts from the milling and dairy industry together with marine protein supplements may be brought to the fore, provided that the demand for organic products will rise further..

Mastitis, an inflammation of the udder mainly caused by a bacterial infection, induces an increase in the somatic cell count (SCC) in milk and is consequently one of several factors affecting SCC in milk. In this literature review it is investigated whether SCC; on udder quarter, cow composite or bulk tank milk level, can be used as a quality marker with focus on milk composition in terms of the content of fat, lactose, total protein, casein and whey protein. According to this literature review the relation between SCC and milk composition is not reliable either on udder quarter, cow composite or bulk tank milk level. SCC was related to lactose, casein and whey protein on udder quarter level; lactose and whey protein on cow composite level and lactose on bulk tank milk level.