LKAB is an international high tech mineral corporation and a world leading manufacturer of refined ironore products for steal manufacturing and other mineral products destined other industries. LKAB is an international corporation with companies world wide, with it?s main location in the north of Sweden, which is where the iron ore mines and the refining works are located. LKAB?s iron refining process in Vitåfors, Malmberget, is a source of great amounts of waste-rock.

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element that is involved in several physiological functions in mammals. Mostly, Se is bound to proteins, many of them with enzymatic functions. A group of seleno-depending enzymes, glutathione peroxidases (GSH-Px?s), are important as antioxidants and protects against free radicals. The activity of GSH-Px is strongly regulated by Se storage in the liver.

Den 1 juli 1992 trädde minerallagen (1991:45) i kraft och ersatte gruvlagen (1974:342), samt lagen (1974:342) om vissa mineralfyndigheter. Genom ikraftträdandet kom den gruvrättsliga lagstiftningen att bli enhetlig. Minerallagen är en exploateringslag vari en avvägning gjorts mellan markägarnas, prospektörens och samhällets intressen. Denna uppsats har syftat till att undersöka fastighetsägarens ställning vid mineral- prospektering. Framställningen bygger främst på förarbetena till mineral- lagen och 1974 års gruvlagstiftning.

In the current situation a big part ofthe settlements that exist in Sweden isin need of renovation and energyefficiency in order to survive.Therefore, also many of the older houseswith a wooden structure are in a need ofenergy efficiency, which can be done ina variety of ways, including addinginsulation.This project deals with whether the useof a diffusion barrier or a vaporbarrier affects a wall structure byadding insulation to an older house witha timber frame. The insulation materialswhich are concidered in thisinvestigation are mineral wool and woodfiber insulation. Efforts are focused onthe effects of moisture on theseinsulation materials.To demonstrate the differences thatarise the moisture measurement programWUFI have been used to simulate avariety of wall designs. These designsare developed in consultation with theconstruction carers who are active inthe industry.Using WUFI graphs illustrating themoisture levels of the wall structureswere obtained and from these conclusionsvould be drawn. The work demonstratesthe differences that arise when using adiffusion barrier or vapor barrier inwall construction.

För företag verksamma inom processindustrin har konkurrensen ökat i takt med den globala industrialiseringen. Företag tvingas utveckla mer effektiva logistiklösningar för att bibehålla konkurrenskraft på marknaden där fokus ligger på att effektivisera flöden. Ett effektivt flöde innebär en samordning av material- och informationsflödet där målet är att minimera kostnader genom en kort genomloppstid och material som anländer vid behov. Syftet med studien är att skapa en förståelse kring de faktorer som karaktäriserar effektiva flöden inom gruvindustrin, där fokus ligger på att reducera kostnader associerade med manuell hantering. Vidare syftar studien till att utforma ett förslag för ett kostnadseffektivt flöde inom gruvindustrin.

The short term effect of phosphorus in sewage sludge was investigated to establish howmuch of this a farmer can grant him- or herself, if using sewage sludge as a phosphorusfertilizer. Possible differences in plant availability between sludge phosphorus precipitatedby iron, aluminum or calcium integrations were studied in a sandy soil at two pH levels.The sludges were analyzed using pot and incubation trials. As the intention was to investigategrowth limitation due to phosphorus deficiency, a soil with low phosphorus supplywas chosen as well as a low phosphorus application rate. Sludge corresponding to 12kg phosphorus per hectare was applied. Treatments fertilized by sludge were compared totreatments where 0, 6 and 12 kg phosphorus per hectare from mineral fertilizer was applied.Every treatment was replicated six times.

Marknaderna blir idag, oavsett industri, alltmer globala vilket bidrar till högre konkurrens. Stort fokus ligger vid optimering av produktionen för att minimera kostnaderna samtidigt som att maximera sin output. Logistik har blivit en allt viktigare del av företag vid optimering eftersom det är ett brett område med stora förbättringsmöjligheter för de flesta aktörer. Transporter är en del av logistikområdet som med högre bränslekostnader, krav på förkortade ledtider och minimala kostnader är en viktig del för företag. Boliden Mineral AB, som studien utförts hos, är ett företag inom gruvindustrin som sedan 1924 varit aktivt med säte i Boliden strax utanför Skellefteå.

The short term effect of phosphorus in sewage sludge was investigated to establish howmuch of this a farmer can grant him- or herself, if using sewage sludge as a phosphorusfertilizer. Possible differences in plant availability between sludge phosphorus precipitatedby iron, aluminum or calcium integrations were studied in a sandy soil at two pH levels.The sludges were analyzed using pot and incubation trials. As the intention was to investigategrowth limitation due to phosphorus deficiency, a soil with low phosphorus supplywas chosen as well as a low phosphorus application rate. Sludge corresponding to 12kg phosphorus per hectare was applied. Treatments fertilized by sludge were compared totreatments where 0, 6 and 12 kg phosphorus per hectare from mineral fertilizer was applied.Every treatment was replicated six times.

Chemical stabilization of mine waste from Ljusnarsbergsfältet with sewage sludge and calcium carbonate residuesMine waste from Ljusnarsbergsfältet in Kopparberg, Sweden, is considered to constitute a great risk for human health and the surrounding environment. Some of the waste rock consists of Sulphide minerals. When Sulphide minerals come into contact with dissolvedoxygen and precipitation, oxidation may occur resulting in acid mine drainage (AMD) and the release of heavy metals. The purpose of this study has been to characterise the waste material and try to chemically stabilize the waste rock with a mixture of sewage sludge and calcium carbonate. The drawback of using organic matter is the risk that dissolved organic matter can act as complexing agents for heavy metals and in this way increase their mobility.

The empirical data that lies behind this survey comes from field work between 1992 and 1995. This field work represents work I made myself as a sales-man for the company, Malmberg Original Water. The task was to implement the Malmberg mineral water brand on the restaurant market of the South-Swedish area. Our aim was to reach the upper-scale, premium market of restaurants. The mission was successfully completed, and at 1996 we had completed the position as the most exclusively positioned mineral water brand in Skåne (Southernmost Sweden).

Within agriculture it is important to optimize the use of nitrogen, not only from an economic point of view but also to minimize damage to the environment. This can sometimes be difficult, especially within organic farming. Organic farmers are using increasing amounts of waste products from the food industry to cover their nitrogen needs. These different organic fertilizers release nitrogen at different rates and under specific soil conditions. Because of this, it would be beneficial to have a standardized method to measure the amount and rate of nitrogen mineralization from organic fertilizers. This project contributes to this knowledge by investigating whether relatively simple and repeatable laboratory methods can be used to estimate the nitrogen fertilizer value of organic fertilizers.

Med detta arbete önskar jag ge läsaren en introduktion till ?Turkosens värld? och ge identifieringsverktyg till dem som vill arbeta med denna vackra sten. Detta examensarbete redovisar de olika sätten som turkos bildas på och dess olika uppträdanden i naturen runt om i världen. De vanligaste metoderna för att manipulera turkos av sämre kvalitet, liksom metoder för att upptäcka detta presenteras. Det finns även turkosliknande stenar, imitationer, som likaledes behandlas här.

Den här rapporten beskriver malmbildande processer och Bergslagens malmgeologi. En beskrivning av malmmikroskopet ges tillsammans med identifikationskriterier för de mineral som påträffats i en mikroskopisk studie som gjorts på fyra stuffer från Dammen nära Dannemora, inkluderande vanliga och påträffade malmtexturer. Två av proverna analyserades med mikrosond..

The mining industry, in terms of ore excavation and metal production, is and has been important to the Swedish economy. In connection with the ore excavation process, large amounts of partly sulphidic waste are produced. When the metal sulphides are exposed to air and water they are eventually oxidised, which leads to the formation of acidic water with high concentrations of metal cations and sulphate ions, so called Acid Mine Drainage (AMD). This water may reach the nearest surroundings and cause negative environmental effects. By covering the waste with soil or water, the oxidation process can be minimised. At the Rävlidmyran mine in the county of Västerbotten open pit mining took place between 1951 and 1991.

Environmental destruction is a growing problem in our world. Almost every day there are new reports concerning that we have to do something about the greenhouse gasses. Simultaneously is the human constantly more eager to have a life with higher standards and therefore uses more energy. The environment is a question that is highly up-to-date and more people try to find solutions on how to save our planet. One way to decrease the energy demand is to build passive houses, where the houses don?t have any active heating.