Introduktion:Att hållbarhetsredovisa efter GRI:s riktlinjer är idag en Standard bland multinationella företag världen över. Vi anser dock att det är mer givande för intressenter att placera företaget i ett större sammanhang och för att se hur mycket företagets miljöpåverkan kostar samhället årligen. Sportsko- och klädesföretaget Puma har i en resultaträkning monetärt uppskattat hur mycket miljöpåverkan från deras leverantörer och egna aktiviteter kostar samhället varje år. Den kallas för Environmental Profit & Loss Account och fungerar som ett transparens-, strategi- och riskhanteringsverktyg.Syfte:Den här uppsatsen syftar till att beskriva hur EP&L kan användas i framtiden.Problemformulering:1. Hur används EP&L som strategi- risk- och transparensverktyg?2.

Bakgrund: I och med att Basel II har instiftats i Sverige så måste finansiella institutioner beräkna sin marknadsrisk på sina portföljer. Detta kan göras genom olika VaR metoder. Dessa ger dock olika uppskattningar på marknadsrisken. De finansiella instituten får använda sig av den metod som de anser reflektera marknadsrisken bäst. Det finns dock ingen metod som utsetts till Standard.Syfte: Syftet med detta arbete är att jämföra olika VaR-metoders skattning av marknadsrisken utifrån verkligt utfall, för att urskilja vilken metod som är funktionsdugligast.Avgränsningar: Denna undersökning inkluderar fyra olika VaR metoder.

 Uppsatsen behandlar miljöcertifikatet ISO 14001:s inverkan på de svenska trafikhuvudmännens miljöarbete. Certifikatet är en internationell Standard som intygar att ledningssystemet uppfyller vissa krav samt att rutinerna ständigt utvecklas. Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att beskriva hur det går till när ett ISO 14001-certifikat utfärdas och vilka drivkrafter som finns för att skaffa certifikatet. Vi utför även en enklare jämförelse för att undersöka eventuella skillnader i miljöresultaten mellan certifierade lokaltrafikföretag och icke-certifierade. Studien är utförd med hjälp av sekundära källor, en enkätundersökning samt en intervju med en representant från Storstockholms Lokaltrafik (SL).

Forest as an investment alternative has become more and more popular over the last few years. Between the years 2004 and 2007 increased the price level on forest land with 70 percent in Jämtland. In this thesis a comparison has been conducted between forest in Jämtland and an investment in the stock market. The risk in the two investment alternatives has been included in the comparison. The thesis includes two different studies between the two alternatives.

The ability to tackle NP-hard problems has been greatly extended by the introduction of Metaheuristics (see Blum & Roli (2003)) for a summary of most Metaheuristics, general problem-independent optimisation algorithms extending the hill-climbing local search approach to escape local minima. One of these algorithms is Iterated Local Search (ILS) (Lourenco et al., 2002; Stützle, 1999a, p. 25ff), a recent easy to implement but powerful algorithm with results comparable or superior to other state-of-the-art methods for many combinatorial optimisation problems, among them the Traveling Salesman (TSP) and Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP). ILS iteratively samples local minima by modifying the current local minimum and restartinga local search porcedure on this modified solution. This thesis will show how ILS can be implemented for MSA.

A part of the midwife?s profession is to promote and support breastfeeding. The objective of this study was to describe the perception of the level of support and advice regarding breast-feeding given to women who have received postnatal care at maternity wards, and to present the opinions of the aforementioned women on how this support could be improved.Method: Women who have given birth at Uppsala University Hospital were routinely asked to fill in internet-based questionnaires regarding their views on the care that they have received. In this study, our data consists of the feedback from four questions in these questionnaires regarding breast-feeding. The answers to the closed questions were presented with descriptive statistics and the comments on two open questions have been analysed with content analysis.Results: Out of 622 women who were cared for at the hospital?s maternity ward after giving birth, 83% stated that they were very satisfied or satisfied with the information and support they received about breast-feeding, and 78% expressed the same views regarding the delivery ward.

Den traditionella dialekten i Mora används idag i allt mindre utsträckning, framförallt hos unga. På vilket sätt talar då ungdomar i Mora idag? Den här uppsatsen undersöker dialekten hos åtta Moraungdomar. Jag analyserar vilka språkliga drag som lever kvar och vilka som är nya i dialekten. Vidare undersöker jag hur de utomspråkliga variablerna kön, geografi och socialt nätverk påverkar informanternas dialektanvändning. Jag tittar också på hur informanterna själva ser på dialekten.Undersökningen visar att dialekten har genomgått en stor förändring.

At Saab Aerosystems, situated in Linköping Sweden, there is a presentation and manoeuvre simulator simulating the fighter jet JAS-39 Gripen. This flight simulator is called PMSIM. In this thesis we study how to transfer sensor images generated by PMSIM to other simulators or desktop computers. The transmission is band-limited so some kind of image coding must be used. Because of this the greater part of this thesis is concerned with image coding.

The interest in harvesting wood fuel in conflict stands has grown in recent years as a consequence of the increased demand for biofuel. Conflict stands are young forests that have not been cleaned and have a large number of stems ha-1with a great height and diameter distribution. This means that traditional field measurements in conflict stands are difficult and very time consuming. Therefore, the forestry sector is in need of new, more efficient inventory methods. In this study, the Lidar data from Lantmäteriet?s (the Swedish mapping, cadastral and land registration authorities) new national height model was used in combination with plots from the Swedish national forest inventory from 2009 to create functions for; height, volume, diameter and number of stems.

The Employment Protection Act (1982:80) provides provisions regarding priority of re-employment. A few cases where these provisions have been subject to examination, have been discussed thoroughly in SOU 2014:55. In these cases the Labour Court has identified the question whether the provisions regarding priority of re-employment can be subject to circumvention in an illegal manner. The Labour Court has stated that it would be incompatible with the sense of justice if the provisions could be circumvented to the detriment of employees entitled to priority of re-employment. However, the Labour Court stated that certain conditions have to be imposed for the assessment.After analysis of the conditions, it is established that they are deemed to cause major difficulties for employees, why it is held that the purpose and the function of the conditions are not achieved. The purpose of the essay is therefore to investigate whether the application of the conditions imposed by the Labour Court, need to undergo modifications to meet the underlying purpose of the creation of the conditions.By reason of the difficulty with the conditions, the essay provides three different amendments in which two of the amendments are ascertained to not contribute to such an improvement that they should actually be applied.

Animals in zoos live in small enclosed areas. If a pathogen is introduced to the zoo, the animals are extremely vulnerable. The highest risk of introducing new pathogens occurs when new animals are introduced to the collection. Therefore it is essential that zoos have a protocol in place for disease prevention. This review has studied literature on the subject of disease prevention protocols when translocating animals between zoos.

Syftet är att undersöka hur företagen påverkas av de förändringar som konverteringen till IAS 39 medför, avseende värdering till verkligt värde. För att uppnå syftet med uppsatsen använder vi oss utav ett induktivt tillvägagångssätt med deskriptivt syfte och en kvalitativ undersökning. Av alla de redovisningsStandarder som IASB utfärdar antas IAS 39 vara den mest komplexa och omdiskuterade Standard för noterade koncernbolag att tillämpa från och med den 1 januari 2005. Att tillämpa IAS 39 kommer att medföra stora förändringar för företagen jämfört med den svenska redovisningsregleringen. Den empiriska undersökningen består av följande två delstudier; dels den offentliga debatten där material insamlats genom såväl litteratur som artiklar, dels intervjuer genomförda med tre icke-finansiella företag, tre finansiella företag samt tre revisionsbyråer.

Every year, the horse industry in Sweden is growing. Because of this growth, it wouldbe most beneficial for the people involved in the agricultural business in Sweden toimprove their horse skills.I have assembled a form that includes basic guidelines for professional horse care.History tells us that Swedish horses have had a huge impact on the agricultural business.Before the arrival of the tractor, the horse played a very important role for the farmer.Today, horses are kept primarily for pleasure, mostly as a hobby for non-professionalpeople. In Sweden, we are seeing the small horse farms become more and morepopular, which is keeping the countryside open and alive.I feel it is very important to improve the knowledge among farmers and others who willwork in close proximity to horses. This will enable us to raise the Standard of care ofhorses today and reduce the number of people who market themselves as professionalhorse specialists, even though they have no education or experience in the fieldIn this essay you will find information about the most common horse breeds in Sweden,including basic anatomy of the horse, feeding directions, hoof and dental care, commondiseases and their treatment. There is information relative to the safe transportation of ahorse as well as the rules pertaining to horses in traffic.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the image of the Titanic disaster in two Swedish newspapers reports of the disaster. By analysing various newspapers reporting of the disaster, we wish to investigate whether there are differences in reporting of gender and class in order to say something about the contemporary outlook and the prevailing social beliefs.The source material that the study is based upon comes from the Swedish newspapers Aftonbladet and Svenska Dagbladet and their reports from the 15 April to the 30 April 1912 and the reporting from the time of the sea-hearings completion (22 May and 31 July 1912).The study finds that news reporting follows the same Standards, however, are different in style of performance because of the newspapers' differing positions.The study finds that a distinction is made between the reporting of men's and women's behaviour. Whether a man followed or violated norms leads him criticized or praised in the newspapers. Women's behaviour is hailed independent if they followed the Standard of what was feminine or masculine behaviour in a disaster.The study also finds that a distinction is made between passengers of the various classes in the reporting. The majority of reports concerning individuals in the First Class are in positive terms.

Inom industrin är främsta skälet för kalibreringar att även de bästa instrumenten med tiden förlorar sin förmåga att ge noggranna mätningar. Med kalibreringsmjukvara som stöd effektiviseras kalibreringsprocessen och hanteringen av dess data. Instrumentteknikerna på Vallviks Bruk arbetar i systemet CMX Calibration Software av Beamex, och jag fick uppdraget att utvärdera dess användbarhet. Uppsatsen fokuserar främst på användarna och hur det upplever systemets användargränssnitt. Vidare skall utvärderingens resultat leda till förslag på förbättringar i systemet.