Forestry in Sweden is currently conducted in a manner aiming at equating the production objectives and the biodiversity. To ensure that biodiversity is maintained, patches that are considered to be valuable now or in the future is saved in final fellings. How the tree retention areas will grow into the future forest stands is yet unknown.The purpose of this study was to visualize how different scenarios of natural consideration taken at final felling will evolve in a long term perspective, for two rotation periods. Projections of the forest conditions were executed with the decision support system Heureka and its applications PlanStart and PlanWise. The information about the projected forests was then used for the visualizations which were created in the software Visual Nature Studio.

Detta examensarbete är en utredande uppsats som behandlar och jämför medborgardeltagandet i två stora infrastrukturprojekt, Citytunneln i Malmö och Citybanan i Stockholm. Demokratiseringen av Sverige tillsammans med medborgardeltagandets utveckling har förändrat synen på samhällsplaneringen under 1900-talet. Den strikta rationella planeringen har med tiden utvecklats mot att i allt högre grad engagera både enskilda medborgare och privata aktörer i planeringsarbetet. Politikernas och planerarnas sätt att arbeta med medborgardeltagande har därmed behövt anpassas till de nya förhållningssätten och kraven medborgarna ställer. Den historiska framväxten tillsammans med ett antal planeringsteorier och demokratimodeller är uppsatsens utgångspunkter.

This study investigates the succession process in family businesses and aims to enhance the understanding of the process as a whole, as well as how family businesses strategically plan for succession. The research is based on a case study of a family corporate group undergoing a transition from the fourth to the fifth generation. A qualitative research approach was employed, involving interviews with individuals from both the fourth and fifth generations, as well as external stakeholders who have influenced the process. The results show that the planning and implementation of succession are complex and that there is a certain lack of existing theory. Empirical evidence indicates that contracts and documentation are crucial for advancing the process. Inclusion of external parties is also important, not only for their expertise but also to provide an objective perspective.

This paper is part of the research programme ViSuCity, a programme with the goal of creating more sustainable urban planning through the development of better visual tools, which ultimately means better communication between various parties of public planning. The paper concerns the implementation of MCE into a 3D program for visualization. Multi criteria evaluation (MCE) is a technique that has been developed during the last 20 years. It merges GIS with AHP, forming a decision making tool for localization of, for example, new buildings.The result is an automated tool that enables advanced analysis of geographic areas.The tool has a very high potential due to the completely automated MCE and it is adapted for people without a technical background, let alone formal training in MCE. It provides great opportunities to test different scenarios, something that should be an important advantage.

I have always been interested in sports, so when it was time to write the paper I chose to write about sports and economic.It has led to this problem: How is the function of management control and planning problems in sports?   Sports clubs are non-profit association and non-profit organizations aim to support members? moral and economic interests. A financial manager will lead the accounting department and have the final responsibility. The finance manager has to work to produce financial results, reports and custom operations (Högfeldt, 2011). A sports club use economic tools, usually budget.

There are many barriers and obstacles that need to be removed to make the urban environment more accessible for people with disabilities. There are currently no adequate tools for urban planners to assess and address these obstacles. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) provide powerful methods for the visualization and analysis of spatial data, including the kind of data important in studies of accessibility. This study suggests a method urban planners can use to identify accessibility obstacles and to propose future actions to fix them.A literature review was conducted to find out what has been done and what is new regarding the accessibility issues. Different methods were evaluated which in turn led to the construction of a multi-step analytical strategy.

In order to fully grasp the phenomena 'City' we must understand its political structure as an integrated part of its physical structure and vice versa. This thesis focuses on one crucial element of the City, the public space, and discusses it in relation to the public realm, or sphere, of the City. The aim is to see if it is possible to conceive public space as a spatial dimension of power, and if so, how to analyse this. With the help of the theoretical tool of two ideal types of the configuration of public space, "The city as civic public life" and "The city as authoritarian control" an empirical study is carried out on the case of Prishtina, capital of Kosovo.Conclusions made are that function and use of a city's public spaces can be understood in relation to changes in the political climate of the society. Furthermore, a void in the asset of concepts offered by the ideal types is found ? and therefore also need for new concepts to describe and understand a public space undergoing a dynamic transformation, as being a part of a city in political transition..

Abstract Title: Ethanol for Scania?s future ? A scenario based analysis Authors: Anna Hansson and Julia Persson Tutors: Annette Cerne ? Department of Business Administration, Lund University Jonas Holmborn ? Head of Advanced Combustion, Engine Development, Scania Lennart Thörnqvist ? Department of Energy Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University Problem: Oil-based products are the dominating fuels in the transport sector but alternative fuels are currently challenging the world-wide dominance. The large number of alternative fuels that are under development at present makes the future fuel-market impossible to predict. Scania?s ethanol project is associated with a number of uncertainty factors that are beyond the company?s control.

En kulturmiljö består i princip av hela vår fysiska omgivning, undantaget helt orörd natur. Dessutom kan kulturmiljön vara av social art, det vill säga att den är immateriell och innefattas av bland annat traditioner, folkminnen och ortsnamn. Eftersom begreppet kulturmiljö omfattar så mycket är det svårt att kunna praktisera en kulturmiljövård utan att ha några riktlinjer och urvalsmetoder. Allt kan inte bevaras och vårdas i oföränderligt skick till kommande generationer, utan det måste finnas en kontinuitet i utvecklingen av den fysiska miljön. Varje tid bör lämna sina spår till eftervärlden utan att äldre spår helt raderas ut.

AimThe aim of this study is to discuss process orientated education by identifying and describing general elements in two alternative pedagogies that in different ways attempt to separate themselves from the didactics in the traditional school. The questions are:1. How do the general elements for example the pupil, the knowledge and the lesson, in classroom education appear at a Waldorf and a Freinet school respectively?2. How do the general elements for example the teacher, the lesson planning and the overall goal, that teachers obey to and create in their lesson?s planning appear at the two schools respectively?MethodThe study is based on four days of observations in one ninth grade class at a Freinet school and a corresponding amount of time in one eighth grade class and one ninth grade class at a Waldorf school.

The aim of this thesis is to examine the relationship between user education at high schools and the context in which it takes place. In order to accomplish this qualitative interviews have been executed with librarians at five Swedish high schools. The theoretical framework of this thesis is based on the sociocultural perspective and four approaches to user education developed by Olof Sundin. Based on the empirical material six themes have been identified. Each one represents a contextual factor which influences the user education.

What can make us identify ourselves with places? Why do we feel stronger for certain environments? Is it possible to change the identity and how can we do it? What exactly is building identity on a site, what elements it is safest to hang on to when the wind of change is blowing? In this paper, I?m going to discuss the subject identity in different ways and from different angles. Important questions I have had, has been how to analyze a site and what is the importance of identity and the possibility of changing it?The first part of the paper aims to provide an introduction to the concept of identity. I'm giving a short explanation of what identity is and how places relate to identity.

Social hållbarhet. Vad är det och hur kan man i fysisk planering på kommunal nivå arbeta för att uppnå större social hållbarhet? Dessa frågor kommer att undersökas i denna uppsats med hjälp av en intervju och en dokumentstudie inriktad på Borås tätort.Social hållbarhet är ett komplext begrepp som i regel hamnat i skymundan i de sammanhang där hållbar utveckling behandlas, till fördel för ekonomiska och ekologiska aspekter. En bidragande faktor till detta förhållande är att social hållbarhet som begrepp är föränderligt i sin innebörd, vilket medför att det är svårt att definiera. Frågan som fysiska planerare behöver ställa sig är hur fysisk planering kan förhålla sig till detta begrepp.

Offentliga platser i städer är viktiga för att människor ska kunna mötas men även av demokratiska skäl. Det offentliga livet har utspelat sig på olika sätt under historien och i dag präglas stadsutvecklingen av en neoliberalistisk inriktad planering och politik. En trend i denna utveckling är att offentliga ytor privatiseras och förvaltas av privata aktörer. Detta arbete fokuserar på hur privatisering av offentliga platser kan beskrivas utifrån ett planerings- och maktperspektiv. Syftet är att undersöka hur privatisering av offentliga platser legitimeras och styrs av olika aktörer i en detaljplaneprocess samt vilken påverkan omgestaltning får över det offentliga livet på platsen.

Recent years there has been discussed how the critical situation in the housing market threatens the Stockholm region's growth. The thesis objective is to examine whether there is a scientific link between the lack of housing supply and growth. The thesis also intends to identify solutions for increased housing construction, for instance by examining the conditions for a greater regional perspective and influence on the region's housing supply. The thesis empirical study is based on semi-structured interviews with representatives from the Government, municipalities and the housing industry.In Sweden, research on the relationship between housing shortages and growth has not been conducted to that extent it can be said to exist scientific evidence regarding the growth threat. However, in Britain and the U.S, empirical studies show that a lack of housing supply has hindered growth through negative impact on countries' gross domestic product.