During the 2000s, the ship owners have become more and more concerned thattheir ships save fuel. Several projects have been undertaken to exploit the resourcesavailable on board today?s vessels to reduce fuel consumption. As a stepin this the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI) today offera Weather Routing service to ships. By planning your route more effectivelymuch fuel can be saved.This thesis has been about developing a fuel prediction program (FPP) forhow much fuel a ship consumes in different sea conditions.

This essay is about the origin, planning and establishment of the European Space Research Organisation's (ESRO) sounding rocket base Esrange outside Kiruna in Northern Sweden. Three main questions are examined. First I show there were not just scientific and technical but also political, economical as well as military reasons to build a European rocket base. Second, I scrutinize the reasons to choose Northern Sweden as the location for the rocket base. As it turns out, the main reasons were the favourable location of Northern Sweden within the aurora oval zone, the proximity of the Kiruna Geophysical Observatory, and the possibility to use a large, although not quite uninhabited, area where the launched rockets could crash.

The aim of this study is to investigate how mathematics teachers use formative assessment to make the course objectives clear to the student. This is part of a wider aim in Sweden to find ways for improving mathematics teaching. Qualitative semi-structrured interviews and observations were used for collecting data. Different approaches to integrate formative assessment in their classrooms is discussed: questioning, discussions in whole-class, group work and assessment and feedback. The analysis of the results indicated that the teachers thought differently about how to integrate the course objectives in their planning.

The aim of this study is to describe and analyse the creation and the design of a new public library. In order to concretize this, the study sets out from two examples, the public libraries in Simrishamn and Landskrona. The material used to attain the purpose of the study consists partly of interviews, partly of literature on the subject. To be able to put these two libraries in their historical context, the essay also provides a short overview of the development of public library buildings in Sweden during the 20th century. Another aspect that is discussed is the actual procedure of planning a public library from scratch.

Arbetets syfte är att ta fram principer för hur levande centrum kan utformas samt att komma med förslag på hur det kan ske vid regementsområdet i Borås. Det har skett genom att studera handelns utveckling, dess situation idag och det offentliga rummet. Utifrån dessa ämnen har sedan en målbild utformats som beskriver principer för vilka kvaliteter som är viktiga att sträva efter i planeringen av centrum och hur de kan tänkas uppnås. Förslaget utgår från det som har beskrivits i målbilden och även från en inventering som visar Regementet idag och planeringen av dess framtida utveckling. Arbetet avslutas med reflektioner kring processen med att ta fram förslaget, vad planeringen har för roll i centrumskapande och hur vi kan se på handelns utveckling.

This exam report contains studies about how the weather affects the construction site from a planning and productivity perspective. In 1960?s the contractors started to build during the winter, since then the demands to obtain a good construction has been higher on both the contractor and then promoter.In this report you will see how the different actors at the construction site handle the weather problems. By several interviews of the actors at the construction site there have been opinions about the weather situation which has been collected. To get a wide perspective of the problem, field studies from four different construction sites been made.Weather statistics over Halmstad is a mayor part of this report.

This thesis deals with the legislative problem of thin and thick capitalization of subsidiary companies situated abroad. This kind of companies are often used for tax planning purposes, as means for transferring company profit from a high tax state to a low tax state. Today, the legislative flora around the world mainly focuses on the question"how low/high can the capitalization level of the company be, before thin/thick capitalization can be considered to be at hand?". Instead, this thesis raises the question"how far from the optimal capitalization rate is a probable capitalization level for a company, and can this be an alternative approach to legislation?".

Rädsla och otrygghet på offentliga platser har studerats mycket sedan början av 2000-talet och då främst utifrån ett jämställdhetsperspektiv där kvinnors upplevda otrygghet, oro och rädsla för brott har varit i fokus. Att kvinnor har varit i fokus för trygghetsforskningen är ingen slump då kvinnor i större utsträckning än män historiskt har gett och ger uttryck för sin rädsla och otrygghet på offentliga platser. Trots Sveriges strävan mot ett jämställt samhälle så finns det få svenska studier som tittar närmare på hur män upplever otrygghet på offentliga platser, vilket har gjort att männen i princip har varit exkluderade ifrån svensk trygghetsforskning och trygghetsplanering. Ämnet för uppsatsen är mäns upplevda otrygghet på offentliga platser och syftet är att undersöka mäns upplevelser av otrygghet på offentliga platser, vilka platser som upplevs som otrygga och varför de upplevs som otrygga, samt hur dessa platser förhåller sig till de platser där flest brott begås. Syftet är vidare att undersöka hur kvinnor upplever de platser som männen har pekat ut som otrygga för att kunna dra slutsatser kring eventuella skillnader mellan män och kvinnor i upplevelsen av otrygghet.

When planning new wind farms, the cost for the internal electrical grid is estimated to account for 8-9 % of the total investment cost. On top of that, the cost for accumulated reduced income over several years (due to electrical losses), has to be added. The economic lifespan is relatively long (about 20 years) which means that an error in the loss calculation could lead to a bad decision basis. The accumulated reduced incomes due to electrical losses can be higher than the initial investment cost for the internal electrical grid.Today, Statkraft Sweden is using a template number when estimating the electrical losses in a wind farm. The actual losses are probably lower than the template number which could lead to an unnecessary high loss cost when planning a new wind farm.The aim of this M.Sc.

Sammanfattning: Över hälften av alla svenska kommuner hade en total stagnation under åren 1999-2009, det är främst bruksorter och landsbygden som stagnerar. I östra Tyskland stagnerade över hälften av städerna med mer än -3 % under åren 1990-2005. De gamla industristäderna i USA har under lång tid haft stora problem med förortsurbanisering. Därför har jag valt i detta kandidatarbete att studera varför städer i dess länder stagnerar, hur de ser på stagnationen och vad de gör åt den. I USA började städer som Detroit och Youngstown stagnera i samband med att industrier lades ner och en förortsurbanisering spred sig i landet.

Älvkarleby, landscape character and design proposal is a Graduated Thesis (30 ECCcredtis), in the subject of landscape planning at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, the Department of Rural and Urban Development. This thesis is a study and implement of the method "Landscape Character Assessment" (LCA), developed in England and Scotland as tool to analyse and highlight the landscape in different planning processes. The purpose of LCA is to increase the understanding and strengthen the role of the landscape. The thesis consists of three main parts: landscape characterization, guidelines and a design proposal. The landscape characterization emphasizes the values of the landscape in different types of planning processes, a documentation to base estimations on in any kind of change in the area. Theese estimations have resulted in guidelines that give proposals to the development of the landcape, focusing at the desingproposal.

Detta examensarbete belyser trygghetsdiskussionen inom den fysiska planeringen och ger förslag på förbättringar av den fysiska miljön på otrygga platser, med fokus på gång- och cykelstråk. Idag är trygghet och säkerhet en viktig faktor för trivsel, oavsett om man bor i staden eller på landsbygden. Själva rädslan för att bli utsatt för brott är i sig ett problem. För många människor begränsar rädslan påtagligt vardagens möjligheter att använda stadens miljöer. Rädslan för att drabbas av våld eller annan brottslighet gör att många människor håller sig borta från offentliga platser och allmänna kommunikationer, speciellt efter det har blivit mörkt. Rädslan är beroende av olika sociala relationer som finns mellan olika grupper i samhället. Den föreställda rädslan är bl.

This paper discusses the feeling of insecurity in educational exhibitions. The study analyzes one exhibition at the museum ?Nordiska Museet? in Stockholm, and strives to answer how the question of spatial factors can influence the feeling of insecurity, and thereby also the information process.The following questions have been addressed: Can we speak of a spatial allocation problem of exhibitions that contain much information? What is the relationship between the exhibition's intention and visitors conduct A model has been designed with influence from wayfinding where the exhibition is divided into basic parts, which allows a detailed study of the exhibition, and of how the parts relate to each other. The research contains spatial analyze, observations as well as interviews.The conclusion is that we, in the scientifically investigated exhibition, can speak of a spatial allocation problem when the information seems to be an overload for the visitor..

We live in an exciting society, characterized by continuous changes and challenges. The effects of the globalization are widespread. The continuous flow of people, capital and goods follows in the wake of advances in communications, transport and information technology, resulting in a changed situation for different stakeholders in the society. This situation leads to increased cooperation and exchange, but also increased competition. The primary means of collecting empirical data for this study was interviews and a document study.

The Swedish agriculture has gone through some changes and there are more changes coming in the near future. The structure is mowing towards bigger units. The average age for the Swedish farmer is high, and a great number of agricultural enterprises are going to get an owner from the next generation within the family. The aim of this thesis is through case studies examine the economic consequences of transfer of agricultural holdings. The methods in change of generation that this essay treats are changes of generation, in the form of gift and purchases.