Today, buildings utilize 40 % of the total energy consumption. New energyrestrictions and directives have entered the construction industry. Photovoltaic is asustainable, clean and quiet solution that integrates well in the urban environment buthave not yet reached a breakthrough on the Swedish market. The conditions for solarenergy production are often set in the early planning stages where they rarely arebeing prioritized.This master of engineering project focuses on identifying problems regardingimplementation of photovoltaic in city development projects and giving suggestions topossible improvements in the planning- and construction process. It also givesrecommendations on how the conditions for energy production can be optimized inthe early zoning stage.By conducting simulations with PVsystV5.21, on three ongoing city developmentprojects in Umeå, Malmö and Stockholm and by carry out and analyzing interviewswith city planners, constructors and architects, some conclusions have been made.Several improvements, both politically, with changes in the subsidization systemand/or instatement of a new law with feed-in tariffs, and within the solar- andconstruction industry itself, with better communication between different parts of theprocess as well as better use of experience, can be made.

We have seen a revolution in the area of communication on a worldwide scale. We begin talking about terms as globalisation, integration and deregulation of the financial market. Companies have been tax planning for decades, the questions is if Internet has made an increase of companies than uses tax planning and which roll Internet plays. It is hard to really pinpoint all the effects of the Internet because of the relatively new area of research. This thesis will take various factors under study such as globalisation, development of the offshore industry and the fight against harmful taxation by the OECD and other organisations in order to describe the effects of Internet.

This thesis examines a project that has been conducted at a software development company. The aim is to investigate which problems firms of this kind faces performing projects. We choose a theoretical frame consisting of a modern view on how to manage projects. The view argues that the management of each project has to be adapted to the situation at hand. This theory is divided into two separate streams of reasoning; one emphasize learning, delegation of responsibility and flexibility, while the other argues for control, time planning and the importance of keeping to the plans.When we compare the theories to the case we draw three main conclusions: A thorough phase of investigation is required to produce the necessary planning documents.

Often, the green is handled as an opposite to the built, but if it could be seen as a part of the built and the society, the planning will be easier to handle. The thesis work wants to create a method that treats villages in an analytic way in a context; with green, blur, grey and all the other colors that together are the completeness.This master's thesis is made to be used as foundation in detail plannng in the municipality of Örkelljunga. Target audience is on one hand those who work with planning and green matters in Örkelljunga municipality, but also other planners who work with landscape.Literature in the field of green city planning has been studied and 30 methods for analysis have been valued. The method for analysis that has been used in this work is a merging of ten different methods and has included literature studies, sketches, interviews and work on spot. The ten methods are consciously chosen to together make one comprehensive and true image of the village, as far as it is possible.

Bachelor thesis in Interaction Design by Håkan Carlsson, spring term 2007, Malmö University, School of Arts & Communication. The climate for video sharing online is somewhere in the border of becoming a place for only the big companies to distribute material with general interest, or small communities with genre-specific interest to attract a larger audience. In this article I will look at the travelindustry to see what possibilities can be implemented into communities with interest in planning and travelling. I will argue that the importance of collaboration with different media can create a bigger picture so that more people can use and discover each other?s travel videos and experiences. I have also taken a closer look at social interaction at online communities such as MySpace and YouTube.

Abstract"Citizen Influence, Forms and Effects - A study of the Resistance Concerning the Establishment of a Juvenile Detention Center in Kristinehamn 2005-2007"Political Science, Johan Utter This essay circles around the concepts of citizenship and the questions if and how citizens in the modern democracy can influence and effect the political decisions made by the governing body on the local level. This is done by the means of a case-study concerning the establishment of an institutional facility for convicted youths in Kristinehamn. The planning of this facility and especially its planned location in Sunneberg aroused a significant negative response from the citizens, demanding a better alternative for the location.The proposition resulted in heavy protests from the citizens as the planned location was viewed as an important recreation area, where the citizens could experience nature first hand, close to the centre of town. As a result, some citizens living close to the planned location, formed a network called "Bevara Sunneberg", whose purpose was to influence the decision-makers and make the citizen?s voices heard.

Arvidsjaur är en tätort med årlig tillväxt och är av denna anledning i behov av förtätning av bostadsbeståndet. Båthusviken är en attraktiv plats eftersom den ligger vid Arvidsjaursjön. Sjön med omgivning är ett välkänt område för bland annat sitt fiskevatten men också för den biltestanläggning som finns där. Idag finns det bebyggelse i Båthusviken som i folkmun kallas för ?Arvidsjaurs ghetto? eftersom fritidshusbebyggelsen är av varierande kvalité.

Weber and Linder (2005) have enlightened that the focus of the current debate on the budget?s to be or not be, has been on trying to find a general tool, which fits best in all situations. They argue that the budget may be more appropriate for organizations in certain circumstances, than for others. They claim that there is a gap in research concerning the situations in which the budget may be appropriate, or when Beyond budgeting is preferred. It is this gap we are trying to fill with our thesis.The purpose of the thesis is to explain which situational factors that affect the organization's use of budgets for the functions the budget can fulfill.

This master thesis covers the seasonal planning of a small scale hydropower system. The system in this study is owned and operated by Mälarenergi Vattenkraft AB. The total system consists of 4 different main rivers with 24 hydropower stations and several dams. The total installed power in the system is 43.75 MW. Most of the hydropower stations are regarded as small scale hydropower stations and thus entitled to green certificates.In this report the issue of planning is formulated as an optimization problem.

Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka hur trafiken idag påverkar och styr vårt sätt att planera städer. I detta arbete görs en fallstudie av Söderstaden, som är ett nybyggt bostadsområde i Kungsbacka kommun, där trafikens påverkan undersöks. Historiskt sett har våra dominerande transportmedel haft stor påverkan på våra samhällens uppkomster. Handeln har varit beroende av den tidens effektivaste transporter, då sjöfarten, nu motorfordonstrafiken. Hur våra städer lokaliserades och utformades vid de olika tidsepokerna skiljer sig avsevärt.

Background: Do our elder starve? A good nutrition state gives a good health and comfort. The research displays that is it exists shortages in energy and nutrition needs for the older. Aim: The aim with this study was to elucidate the mealorder and the mealsituation for the elder and how the nurse handles this. Method: This litterateur review was based on teri research studies.

Generally in Macedonia keeping farm records and farm business planning is not often practiced like an ordinary activity in farming. Therefore one of the crucial things to do it is to comprise and continuously practice record keeping of farm data. The efficient and justified farm business planning should be based on farm records about the previous work of the farm, which will bring a structured approach for planning all the activities, as well as provide a good basis for attracting investors and creditors for the additional expansion of the business.Given that sheep breeding holds an important part of the livestock production in Macedonia, there is a need for adding analytical sheep enterprise budgets to support the farm business planning process at sheep farms.The aim of this research was to develop sheep enterprise budgets created on the best production practice for Macedonian conditions of breeding and test their applicability into the farm business plan model Agriwise Macedonia. The sheep budgets were composed with a process of data collecting consisted of direct farm data (for the cases), expert's consultation and relevant desk research, as well as a literature study. The aim of doing it was to attain more accurate calculations of the enterprise budgets, which will result in a more precise outcome in the farm business plan model Agriwise Macedonia.

Detta kandidatarbete syftar till att studera glappet mellan samhällets aktörers mål och de yttre förutsättningar och attityder som individens färdmedelsval påverkas av. Fokus ligger på hur glappet mellan samhällets aktörer och individens färdmedelsval avseende cykling kan förminskas genom förändringar av ett befintligt hyrcykelsystem. Problematiken studeras utifrån en fallstudie av hyrcykelsystem Styr & Ställ, som Göteborgs Stad inrättat för att individen ska välja cykel i sitt färdmedelsval. Genom förbättringar på hyrcykelsystemet, med fokus på de yttre förutsättningar och attityder som individen har, kan andelen individer som väljer hyrcykel i deras färdmedelval öka och glappet mellan samhällets aktörers mål och individens färdmedelsval minska. En metodkombination av litteraturstudie, dokumentstudie och intervjuer har genomförts för att besvara examensarbetets frågeställningar och på så sätt belysa arbetets syfte. Utifrån studien kan flera utvecklingsmöjligheter av Styr & Ställ utläsas för att förminska glappet mellan samhällets aktörers mål och individens färdmedelsval.

Föreliggande examensarbete består av en praktiskt och en teoretisk del. Den teoretiska delen är en jämförande studie mellan två essäer; Rem Koolhaas ?Den generella staden? samt Kenneth Framptons ?Mot en kristisk regionalism- sex punkter för ett motståndets arkitektur?. Dessa ställs mot varandra då de står för två diametralt olika synsätt på stadsbyggande och planering. Frampton betonar identiteten och platsens betydelse medan Koolhaas, som är mer pragmatisk i sin teoribildning, menar att stadsbyggnad idag inte främst handlar om bevarande utan om att i första om att gestalta framtiden och bejaka en samhällsutveckling. Den praktiska delen innehåller två projekt för delar av centrala Tullinge.

Sammanfattning Handeln har i alla tider varit stadens viktigaste funktion. Både direkt och indirekt har handeln varit den viktigaste stadsbildande faktorn, men kommunikationsmöjligheter och placering har också haft betydelse. Sverige har alltid legat långt framme vad det gäller strukturomvandlingar för handeln. I början av 1900-talet var handeln förlagd till kvartersbutiker och saluhallar och till stadens torg. I flesta fall var det gångavstånd till butikerna och väldigt få hade tillgång till bil.