An organism that is transferred from one place to another, causing major problems to the native species is termed invasive. Its natural dispersal across barriers may have been prevented but as man has turned able to rapidly travel all over the world organisms are brought to sites where they were never before observed. Adding the increasing global warming organisms may find it necessary to move around even further. This might cause major disturbance to the biological diversity, and hybridization and homogenization is one of many scenarios that could disturb the native diversity. In Sweden more that 2/3 of all alien plant species have been introduced to disturbed areas and the major introduction mechanism is gardening.

A large part of the Namibian low income population lack access to grid distributed electricity. This mean they are effectively shut out from basic functions such as lighting, information technologies and hygienic food handling. Hence, finding ways of providing affordable off-grid electricity is an important, not to say critical, task.This master thesis is an innovation and concept development project that has been carried out in cooperation with organisations in Sweden and Namibia. The purpose of the project has been to (1) develop a concept for off-grid electricity supply in Namibia and (2) to gain a deeper knowledge within the area of innovation and product development for the Base of the Pyramid population, i.e. the poorest, but largest, socio-economic part of the global population.Essential in this project has been to acquire user understanding and to identify user needs to create a foundation for developing the concept.

Den skillnad som finns i sysselsättningsgrad mellan svenskar och invandrare på arbetsmarknaden kan förklaras på olika sätt. En förklaring är att arbetsgivare upplever en osäkerhet kring invandrares kompetens vilket kan leda till statistisk diskriminering i anställningsförfarandet. Förekomsten av osäkerhet och statistisk diskriminering var bakgrunden till att Svenskt Näringsliv 2003 tog initiativ till skapandet av den arbetsmarknadspolitiska åtgärden prova-på-plats. Denna åtgärd syftar till att eliminera den osäkerhet som rör invandrares kompetens och därmed även till att förbättra integrationen av invandrare på arbetsmarknaden. I syfte att undersöka om åtgärden verkligen kan förändra invandrares situation på arbetsmarknaden till det bättre har vi gjort en uppföljning av åtgärden.

Hur förändras förutsättningarna för en svensk klubb (Malmö FF) i samband med att en ny arena byggs och organisationen i klubben växer. Vilka nya möjligheter att bedriva effektiv prisdiskriminering gentemot sina konsumenter uppstår i samband med bygget av Swedbank stadion och den utökning av organisationen i klubben som kommer att ske? MFF:s kärnprodukt är 2 x 45 minuter fotbollsmatch och till den kan en rad tilläggsprodukter kopplas bl.a. via prisdiskrimineringsmetoderna tie-in och bundling. Möjligheterna med arenabygget delas in i två olika delar: dels en utökad upplevelse för klubbens konsumenter på matchdagen och dels ett stadionområde som lever året runt och inte enbart då det spelas match på arenan.

The purpose of this study is to survey which competences and personal qualities the labour market, for students with examination from the Coaching and Sport management education at Vaxjo University, require. Furthermore I want to find out if the employees, videlicet the ex students, consider that their competences differentiate in relation to other employees in the organization which not have this education.In the study a qualitative investigation method has been used where ten interviews have been implemented. The interviews have been carried out within five conceivable work areas to a student with examination from the Coaching and Sport management education at Vaxjo University. The work areas are sports association, sports union, municipal activity with sport and leisure time connection, company with health care connection and company without any kind of sport connection. Five of the persons being interviewed are ex students that now are employees within any of the elected work areas.

Mothers of small children often work part-time in Sweden. Since old age pensions are based on lifetime income, part-time work leads to lower pensions, as long as there is no compensation from non-actuarial benefits such as minimum pensions. In this paper, I investigate whether different components of the Swedish pension system provide incentives for part-time work among women. The analysis is performed through a simulation of future pensions for 9 typical women in a certain cohort. For three levels of education, I compare pensions of women with different labor market participation rates in different growth scenarios.

Denna uppsats har som syfte att beräkna omfattningen och värdet av icke-marknadsarbetet i Sverige samt hur det skulle sättas i relation till nationalräkenskaperna. Som grund till beräkningarna ligger SCB: s tidsanvändningsstudie 2000/2001 samt statistik på löner och befolkningsmängd från SCB från det aktuella året. Uppsatsen fokuserar även på hur individer i Sverige har valt att fördela sin tid mellan marknadsarbete, icke-marknadsarbete och fritid. Två tidsallokeringsmodeller utarbetade av Becker respektive Gronau diskuteras. Uträkningarna av värdet på icke-marknadsarbetet beräknas enligt tre olika metoder: den generella metoden, specialistmetoden och alternativkostnadsmetoden.

This work is a GIS study of fishing rights distribution between different categories of ownersand properties in the Stockholm Archipelago. The purpose was to create basic data used toestablish fishing laws and restrictions within the Stockholm County.Stockholm?s archipelago consists of a unique environment and is the natural life andreproduction environment for ? of Sweden?s reproducing fish species. The increasingpressure from fishing, tourism and weekend population increases the need for an efficientfishing administration to prevent impoverishment and to ensure the biological diversity inSwedish fishing waters. There is an increasing need to review fishing administrationmethodologies, as well as studying the categories of ownership and properties located insensitive areas and areas influenced by physical disturbances in order to establish effectivelaws and restrictions.The Swedish fishing rights for an area are currently not connected to the ownership of theproperty to which it belongs.

The purpose of this thesis is to gain understanding of how companies proactively can manage their reputation. The thesis analyzes three multinational companies in Sweden and uses two theoretical approaches - the reputation risk view and the reputation strengthening view - to gain an overall perspective of how companies work with their reputation. It focuses on investigating which key areas of reputation risk the focal companies identify and how they manage the reputation risks within these areas. Moreover, it examines which stakeholders the companies believe are most critical from a reputation point of view and in what ways the companies work with strengthening their reputation among those stakeholders. In order to find a general approach, the thesis investigates the similarities and differences that exist between the respective companies in the study.

Uppsatsen analyserar inkomstskillnader mellan högutbildade svenskfödda och utlandsfödda på den svenska arbetsmarknaden med hjälp av inkomstekvationer. Dataunderlaget kommer från ett tvärsnitt ur LINDA-databasen år 1999 och alla personer i dataunderlaget har genomgått en svensk universitets- eller högskoleutbildning. Två beroende inkomstvariabler finns med i dataunderlaget ? årsinkomst och månadslön ? för att studera tidsaspekten i inkomstskillnaderna. Det finns stora inkomstskillnader mellan svenskfödda och utlandsfödda för det totala urvalet (särskilt för urvalet baserat på årsinkomst).

Olika socioekonomiska faktorer som utbildning, inkomst, ålder, familjestatus och kön har betydelse för individens hälsa och hur individen själv producerar i sin hälsa. Hälsa både efterfrågas och produceras av individen, för att kunna göra detta efterfrågas varor och tjänster på marknaden som ingår i individens nyttofunktion. För att kunna köpa varorna krävs att en del av tiden fördelas till marknadsarbete och en del till hushållsproduktion. Inom ramen för hushållsproduktion produceras hälsan. Effektiviteten i produktionen av hälsa påverkas bland annat av hur mycket utbildning individen har.

In health care today at Uppsala County Council the daily work involves spending time at the computer. IT-systems were implemented to support and aid the care givers in their work. Around these systems there is a support organization to support the users in using the system. The aim of this thesis is to investigate this organization in terms of how well it works and how successful it is in helping the users. This has been done by investigating the flow of information trough the organization and by focusing at the role of IT-coordinators with responsibility for support, process development, education and statistics.

This paper investigates the compensation for risk in the context of the Swedish stock market with a special focus on downside risk. Using daily market data collected from the A-list of the Stockholm Stock Exchange between the years 1983 and 2005 the purpose is to answer the question whether Swedish investors are compensated for holding stocks with high downside risk, measured as downside beta. Using panel data analysis it is shown, in accordance with most previous evidence in international research, firstly that stocks with high beta values on average experience higher returns than stocks with low beta values, and secondly that stocks with high downside beta values experience higher returns than stocks with high beta values in general. On the other hand, cross-sectional regression methodology using a bivariate regression approach shows that downside beta does not explain excess returns very well. Instead, regression analysis suggest that high upside beta does a much better job in explaining excess return over this time period compared to downside beta.

This study treats the possibility of breeding mallards and pheasants on our own farm, Björnslund. From the beginning I considered to breed them from eggs to adults but after visiting several breeders I changed my mind. It seemed to be a lot of work with no economic profit in comparison with buying already hatched birds and then feed them to adults. If the business shall be profitable I have to be soll the hunting for the birds and then sell the dead birds to game purchasers. There are also calculations that show which price you have to charge for the hunting that will give a positive result. Another possibility is to own a slaughterhouse and sell the meat to restaurants and supermarkets.

Background and problem discussion: Sustainability reporting has recently risen in importance and a rising number of companies choose to issue voluntary stand-alone sustainability reports. Their non-regulated nature increases the opportunity for management to angle the information in these disclosures to their own advantage. Lately the focus has shifted from examining what kind of information is provided in environmental disclosures, to analyzing how the information is presented.Purpose: The purpose is to examine if managers in the energy sector use optimistic tone when issuing sustainability reports. The aim is to find out if the tone applied in environmental disclosures is in congruence with either the environmental or economic performance or if an excessively positive tone is being used to mislead readers.Limitations: This study is limited to information found in environmental disclosures from private companies in the energy sector, issued in 2012 or 2013. Environmental performance is defined as the amount of CO2e emissions and economic performance refers to annual company revenues.Methodology: The quantification of optimistic tone is conducted using a content analysis, relying on a pre-specified wordlist and a pilot study.