Hygien spelar en viktig roll inom hälso- och sjukvården och i arbetet att förebygga smittspridning. Nightingale är en föregångare som talade om effekterna av korrekt handhygien och ren vårdmiljö. I svensk sjuksköterskeutbildning har hygien en central del, som det diskuteras mycket kring. Hälsoorganisationer över hela världen har utarbetat olika riktlinjer kring hygienens betydelse i vården, ändå visar tidigare forskning på brister i följsamhet. Syftet med studien var att belysa sjukhusmiljön med avseende på vårdhygien vid ett sjukhus i Tanzania.

Hygien spelar en viktig roll inom hälso- och sjukvården och i arbetet att förebygga smittspridning. Nightingale är en föregångare som talade om effekterna av korrekt handhygien och ren vårdmiljö. I svensk sjuksköterskeutbildning har hygien en central del, som det diskuteras mycket kring. Hälsoorganisationer över hela världen har utarbetat olika riktlinjer kring hygienens betydelse i vården, ändå visar tidigare forskning på brister i följsamhet. Syftet med studien var att belysa sjukhusmiljön med avseende på vårdhygien vid ett sjukhus i Tanzania.

This thesis is about how teachers in natural and social science integrate the upper secondary school library in their teaching and how they use it for their teaching. Literature in connection with the study is described. Qualitative interviews have been done with four teachers from each subject and with an upper secondary school librarian.The study has shown that there are differences between the teachers in social and natural science. One group, consisting of mainly teachers in social science, survey the library collection.They give the pupils suggestions of useful material and sometimes they take out material for the pupils, with help from the librarian. The other group, teachers in natural science, uses library tools, cooperates and discusses with the librarian how the pupils should work when they use the library.

Abstract (in English)The purpose of this work is to find out what the driving instructor who currently works as a transport teachers feel about today´s driving education to transport high school to how it works at driving school. I describe in the study on how to become a transport teachers and on their everyday work. Even what others have written on this topic on driver training. I also interviewed four driving instructor who currently works as a transport teacher, about what they had for opinions on this issue. The method I have used myself of where unstructured questions to get so descriptive answers to questions as possible.

In 2011, the Swedish National Agency of Education introduced a new national curriculum including the compulsory school and upper secondary school. The new curriculum has been widely discussed by media and in the schools. This essay aims towards investigating how four History teachers in two upper secondary schools have experienced the introduction to the new curriculum, and whether they believe that the new curriculum has affected their teaching practice. The investigation conducted in this essay is based on four semi-structured interviews with four History teachers who work at two upper secondary schools situated in different towns of Sweden. The results of the investigation indicate that the interviewed teachers have experienced the transitional period between different curricula to have worked well even if it has been time demanding and also has increased their work effort.

The main purpose of this study was to inquire into personality and the state anxiety in relation to career decidedness scale among students in upper secondary school. The participants were 124 students in three grades and respectively non vocationally oriented classes. The participants were asked to grade themselves on a scale in relation to the statements regarding, state of decidedness for career choice, personality (NEO FFI, Costa & McCrae, 1985. Sweden, Gerontologic Center) and anxiety (AnTI, Wells, 1994). The results showed no significant relationship between personality and state of anxiety that could be connected to the decidedness for career choice.

The study evaluated the Mutant Prevention Concentration (MPC) of Pradofloxacin on three Escherichia coli (E.coli) strains, 2 wildtypes and one first-step gyrA resistant mutant. We also measured the value of AUC (Under the Concentration)/MPC that prevents growth of resistant mutants. It is of importance to reach a concentration above MPC that prevent E.coli from developing resistance against the antibiotic.We used an in vitro kinetic model where we added bacteria? and antibiotic. The culture flask was attached to a pump with an adjustable pump-speed.

SAMMANFATTNINGBakgrund: Tobaksbruk är ett stort folkhälsoproblem och majoriteten av alla människor som använder tobak började sitt tobaksbruk i tonåren, därför är det viktigt med information om tobaksbruk i tidig ålder. Den evidensbaserade metoden Tobaksfri duo infördes 2010 på tre skolor i Uppland. Tobaksfri duo är ett långsiktigt arbetssätt som bygger på information och attitydpåverkan bland ungdomar mellan 12-15 år.Syfte: Syftet med studien var att studera föräldrars åsikter om och upplevelser av tobaksfri duo.Metod: Studien genomfördes som en kvalitativ studie med en deskriptiv design och semistrukturerade fokusgrupper i två olika skolor med totalt fem deltagare.Resultat: Tre kategorier framkom: Samstämmig syn på att motstå tobaksbruk, Vuxnas engagemang är nyckeln till tobaksfria ungdomsår och Redskap för att nå framgång. Resultatet visade att föräldrarna var mycket positiva till metoden då den innehöll olika faktorer för att hjälpa ungdomar att motstå tobak. Det är av vikt att samtliga i skolan, både elever och personal, följer metodens budskap.

Objective: To study the evidence on physical activity (PA) as an effective preventive strategy for depression.Methods: A search of electronic databases was performed for articles between 2007 and 2012, both original research and review articles, concerning the link between PA and depression on children, youth and adults. Three reviews, five longitudinal and two cross sectional studies were included.Results:  PA reduced the likelihood of depression in many studies and a sedentary or inactive lifestyle increased the risks for mental health symptoms such as depression. One study showed that low PA in childhood increased the odds of depression as an adult and other studies on teenagers saw a connection and mediation between PA and self-esteem whereas physical fitness showed no mediating effect. Many of the studies and reviews point out the insecurity regarding the dose-response association and the difficulties in defining causality.Conclusion: PA might have a preventive effect on depression. Some evidence exist to support that PA in childhood prevents depression in adults.

The purpose of my project is to determine how a multimodal/intermedial text can be used when teaching in upper secondary school. Can using a text that to some point is current in the pupils? lives lift the interest for the specific subject? I opted to pick up Gunther Kress? research, Diana Laurillard?s book and Christina Olin-Scheller?s work on the subject. I have used several hours of lesson planning and the lesson itself with subsequent work consisting, among other things, of three qualitative interviews to achieve my purpose. Based on a qualitative approach, I discuss the results, which show that it is in fact very uplifting.

Bakgrund: Det viktigaste för en god arbetsmiljö för anestesisjuksköterskor anses vara samarbetet med andra kollegor, men även möjlighet till personlig utveckling och utbildning. Är arbetsmiljön tillfredsställd ökar chansen för trivsel.Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka aspekter som påverkar anestesisjuksköterskanspsykosociala arbetsmiljö.Metod: Studien genomfördes på ett sjukhus i mellersta Sverige under våren 2013, där nioanestesisjuksköterskor intervjuades. Insamlad data analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys.Resultat: Ur intervjuerna framkom tre kategorier; betydelsen av en trivsam miljö, arbeta över professionsgränserna och tidspress. Det var viktigt att ha förståelse och att ha trevligt tillsammans med sina arbetskamrater. Att även kunna hjälpa varandra i arbetet ansågs betydelsefullt.

AbstractThe overarching goal of this study is to investigate whether teachers of Swedish at upper secondary schools in Sweden feel that they know how to teach critical literacy, especially on the Internet, and also if they know how it is taught. It also investigates the difficulties teachers experience in teaching critical literacy. A secondary goal is to investigate the knowledge of critical literacy among students at upper secondary schools in Sweden. The study is based on quantitative and qualitative research. The research consists of two parts.

A large problem in our society is the diseases that inactivity brings to the population. The lifestyle you have in adolescence is often the same that you have in adulthood. Because of this, prevention should start in youth. The aim of this study was to investigate the experience that youths have of physical education and it?s influence in their spare-time activities.

The main purpose of this thesis is to analyse the possibilities and problems facing a privatised work injury insurance. This discussion includes the element of premium differentiation. Todays´ Swedish social insurance system is ineffectively formed. The costs have dramatically increased during the 1990´s. The Swedish government is now looking for ways to improve the efficiency of the system.

This study examines how upper secondary school teachers in Västerbotten and Österbotten plan to teach about the Finnish War 1808-09. The study includes written interviews with nine teachers in Västerbotten and eight teachers in Österbotten, who have answered questions concerning school policy documents, content and didactic methods. The purpose has been to examine whether there is a difference in historical culture in how the war is treated in the two regions. Historical culture is here meant within the prospective history lesson, where the pupils encounter history within certain boundaries.The result of the interview study shows that there are differences in structure concerning the school policy documents, but that these differences on the whole are compensated by the widespread interest in the Finnish War by the teachers in both regions. The differences in historical culture can be found within the construction of the content when it comes to the aftermaths of the war as well as the purpose of the teaching.