Patienter med trycksår lider av både fysisk och psykisk ohälsa. Många av dem är oftast äldre, stillasittande och kanske även undernärda. Författarna ville undersöka hur trycksår kunde förhindras samt läka bättre. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka betydelsen av korrekt riskbedömning för trycksår så att preventiva åtgärder sätts in i rätt tid. Vidare var författarna intresserade av hur en adekvat näringstillförsel inverkar på sårläkningsprocessen.

This paper deals with a partly new development in the Swedish law system, somewhere in the boundary between political science and jurisprudence. A new instrument -artbrott- has successively become more popular among lawyers and politicians. The new instrument -here translated to classified crimes- signifies that the perpetrator is sentenced to prison even though the seriousness of the crime committed is not in itself serious enough for such a consequence. The reason for this policy stance is to create a prevention against crime of that specific character among the public. The use of this instrument has grown considerably both concerning types of crimes as well as in application.

Bakgrund: Självmord är ett existentiellt problem och varje självmordshandling är ett rop på hjälp. Det är drygt en miljon människor, som begår självmord varje år över hela världen, men det är tio gånger fler som försöker ta sitt liv. Uppskattningsvis dör 1500 personer varje år till följd av självmord i Sverige. En del av dessa personer har varit i kontakt med vården under sin sista månad i livet på grund av självmordsproblematik. Syftet: Att beskriva sjuksköterskans preventionsåtgärder i omvårdnaden av personer med självmordsrisk.Metod: En litteraturstudie som baseras på 11 vetenskapliga artiklar som består av både kvantitativa och kvalitativa studier.

Non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries is a serius and traumatic injury to the knee that is common in female soccer players and often force the player to quit or lower the level of activity because of lost stability in the knee or from fear to suffer  a new injury. Female soccerplayers have a higher risk than their male counterparts to get an ACL rupture and especially adolescent females have a high risk. The most common causes to a non-contact ACL rupture is side-cutting manuvers and landing after jumping. Every other player with an ACL rupture develops osteoarthritis within 10-15 years from the time of injuryResults: The higher risk for females to incur a ACL rupture is due to smaller intercondylar notch, they?re in the follicular or ovulatory phase of their menstrual cycle, increased knee laxity, dominance in the quadriceps muscles, flexion in hip and valgus movement in the knee.

This study is grounded in an interest in the Swedish Upper Secondary Schools? role as an educator of democratic citizens, with a specific interest in the moral and cognitive development of Upper Secondary School students. Development in these two areas is treated as results of citizenship education.The purpose of the study is to examine moral and cognitive development of students in Upper Secondary School to see if there are any structural differences to be found between the Upper Secondary School programs that are vocationally oriented and the programs that are preparing for further studies on higher levels ? since these differences have been both theoretically and empirically implied. The study is based on an enhanced version of Lawrence Kohlberg?s stages of moral development (with teachers? evaluations of students? capacity as a reference point of the students? actual level of moral development) as well as on Kieran Egan?s theory of development through the use of cognitive tools (as seen in five different ?shapes of understanding?).

International reading comprehension studies, like PIRLS and PISA, state that the reading comprehension of Swedish students has decreased significantly since 2000. As a consequence, the National Agency of Education has made reading comprehension teaching a prioritised field in terms of further education for teachers. There has also been a change in Lgr 11, the national curriculum for compulsory school, where it is stated that teaching in reading strategies shall be a part of the central content throughout compulsory school. When the pupils reach upper secondary school level, reading comprehension education is no longer a part of the curriculum. Today, students at upper secondary school for individuals with learning disabilities currently share the same curriculum as the ordinary upper secondary school.

The purpose of this masters thesis is to examine outlines of literary history for students at upper secondary school from a gender studies perspective. Earlier theoretical work concerning outlines of literary history is sparse. There are three dissertations, but none with an explicit gender perspective. The theoretical approach comes mainly from theories in literary historiography and gender research. Also discussed are the following concepts: canon, literary field and literary valuation.

The aim of this study was trough qualitative interviews with teachers and counsellors in Swedish schools, to study their experiences and perceptions of non suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents. During the study three teachers and three counsellors who worked in four different schools were conducted. The theoretical approach that was used is Michael Polanyis theory tacit knowledge. The outcome of the study was that schools did not seem to talk about NSSI as a problem and the teachers knowledge about it had come from own experiences meeting adolescents whit NSSI. The interviewed teachers and counsellors felt it hard to define NSSI, they mainly referred it to someone who cut themselves.

Bakgrund: Skador inom fotbollen är ett stort problem både fysiskt, psykiskt och ekonomiskt för samtliga involverade.Syfte: Att undersöka eventuella skadeförebyggande effekter av FIFA:s preventionsprogram The 11+ hos manliga fotbollspelare. Studien har fokuserat på skador i nedre extremitet (fot, underben, knä, lår, ljumske och höft).Material & Metod: Randomiserad kontrollerad studie. Fyra fotbollslag i Södertälje kommun följdes under försäsongen 2013 (januari-april). 103 manliga fotbollspelare mellan 18-42 år deltog i studien (47 spelare i interventionsgruppen och 56 i kontrollgruppen).Resultat: Interventionsgruppen som genomförde The 11+ upp till två gånger i veckan hade signifikant färre skador i nedre extremitet jämfört med kontrollgruppen.Konklussion: The 11+ är effektivt för att förebygga skador bland manliga fotbollspelare..

The purpose of this paper was to investigate how some teachers interpret, teach and assess listening strategies. Our investigation was based on interviews and a questionnaire answered by some year 9 English teachers. Furthermore, the aim was to study whether awareness and teaching of listening strategies are important for teachers in their everyday practice. The results indicate that the teachers interpret listening strategies as purposes for listening, such as listening for detail or the whole. The teachers do not explicitly teach listening strategies, and they do not assess them.

Skador i idrottssammanhang är en av de mest förekommande anledningarna för uppsökande av akutsjukvård. Knä- och fotledsskador är de två vanligaste idrottsskadorna. Att behandla idrottsskador är ofta kostsamt och tidskrävande. En längre tids bortavaro från idrott är en stor psykosocial faktor och för en professionell idrottsutövare kan det resultera i sämre lön och påverka en framtida karriär. Det förekommer en hel del olika preventiva åtgärder för att förebygga skador, exempelvis träning, tejpning och ortoser.

The aim of this study is to investigate how chemistry teachers at secondary school anduniversities work with learning strategies and models of perception. This thesis leans on theworks of Lev Vygotskij and his likes but also on the theory of conceptual metaphors by GeorgeLakoff and Mark Johnson as a tool to analyze the collected data.The Empirical data that this study is based upon have been collected through semi-structuredinterviews with teachers as primary respondents.The study has resulted in a two practical assignments for secondary school which are builtaround the concept of open assignments. This thesis has also generated a suggestion for a newstructure of the bachelor programme in chemistry at KTH..

Specialiteten intensivvård utvecklades på 1950-talet, ända sedan dess har det varit känt att vissa av patinterna utvecklar akut förvirring eller psykiska störningar som senare kom att benämnas IVA syndromet. IVA syndromet orsakas av en process som startar vid insjuknandet/olyckan och beror på ett samspel mellan en psykologisk process, kemisk påverkan och den miljöstress som uppkommer av intensivvårdsmiljön som patienten vårdas i. IVA Syndromet orsakar ökad morbiditet och mortalitet. Syftet med arbetet är att beskriva omvårdnadsproblem och vilka åtgärder sjuksköterskan kan vidta för att förebygga utvecklandet av IVA syndromet. Undersökningen har utförts som en litteraturstudie.

AbstractMI stands for Motivational Interviewing, the Swedish translation of MI is Motiverande Samtal. Adolescence is a period in life when challenges are encountered and pivotal choices are being made. It is during this period adolescents form their lifestyle, which have an impact for their health for the rest of their life. MI has shown to be an effective and appropriate method for school nurses within school health care, to utilize in approaching by adolescents with risk behavior. This is because it gives adolescence to take responsibility and empowers them to make decisions regarding lifestyle-changes.

AbstractMI stands for Motivational Interviewing, the Swedish translation of MI is Motiverande Samtal. Adolescence is a period in life when challenges are encountered and pivotal choices are being made. It is during this period adolescents form their lifestyle, which have an impact for their health for the rest of their life. MI has shown to be an effective and appropriate method for school nurses within school health care, to utilize in approaching by adolescents with risk behavior. This is because it gives adolescence to take responsibility and empowers them to make decisions regarding lifestyle-changes.