Phenylbutazone has been discussed in the world of the equestrian sport several times and different countries have diverse opinions on its use in competitions. The progressive list that permits phenylbutazone with plasma levels up to 8 µg/ml was presented at the FEI General Assembly in November 2009. The list was voted to be accepted, but later several countries realized the consequences and after protests the list was rejected and is going to be discussed again at the FEI General Assembly 2010. In this literature study I have studied the relationship between the concentrations of phenylbutazone in plasma and the effects on lameness. The purpose was to establish whether the limit of 8 µg/ml phenylbutazone in plasma affects the equestrian sport.

The society of today is dependent of secure transports and deliveries of electrical power. Interruptions in different activities because of fallen trees cost a great deal of money in form of reparations and claimed damages for transport companies and electrical suppliers. Fallen trees along some railway sections are a severe problem. For instance, to repair the damages of the storm of week 5 year 2002, costed 2 800 000 SEK for the line region of Hässleholm. Today, the Banverket railroad company has no norms in general for how close to the railway the forest is allowed to grow.

Capital structure is without doubt one of the most frequently studied and controversial areas of modern financial theory, and will certainly continue to receive considerable attention from researchers worldwide. There is still no universal explanation of how an optimal capital structure would be designed for maximum appreciation, despite the development of several theories focusing on the subject. Equity and debt are the two main financing options that in combination explain the business's capital structure. The results of several research studies conducted in the subject has many times pointed out that there are specific factors that are directly related to the company's capital structure, and that there are clear sectoral differences in corporate debt. A study of the capital structure is considered important and interesting to implement due to the reasons above and the purpose of this study is to analyze and try to explain the similarities and differences between different industries in terms of how growth, profitability and size affect the debt level.

In times of increased flooding, enhanced by climate change, polluted stormwater poses an increased threat to the environment through contaminated water entering waterways. Bioretention utilizes natural processes in soil and vegetation to treat pollutants and combat this threat. Biochar produced through pyrolysis, has a high cation exchange capacity (CEC) and could therefore increase treatment in bioretention systems. This research applies a literature review, interview, and a model to explore the benefits and disadvantages of biochar in order to specify a soil-mix through an understanding of the production process and preferred application rate. High purification through CEC, increased water holding capacity, and carbon sequestration being the benefits discussed.

Certain types of waste, e.g. bottom ash originating from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI bottom ash) can be used as road construction materials. A potential problem is the possibility of substances leaching out of the road and spreading in the surrounding groundwater.The aim of this master?s thesis is to conclude whether hydrogeological type settings can be employed to, based on local conditions, provide an estimate of the probable spreading of these substances in the surrounding groundwater, and whether certain types of soils can be identified as being less suitable for the localization of a MSWI bottom ash road. A hydrogeological type setting is defined as a mappable unit with similar hydrogeological properties.

LevMacinstrumentet är ett analysinstrument under utveckling som utnyttjar leviterade droppar på 100 nl ? 2 ?l. Genom att använda leviterade droppar med den omgivande atmosfären som enda kontaktyta, undviker LevMac?en de vanligaste problemen associerade med miniatyrisering av analytiska tekniker, t.ex. kontaminering av provet genom desorption från provbehållaren eller andra gränsytor, adsorption av analyten till omgivningen med minskat utbyte som följd, och optisk interferens vid väggarna av provbehållaren vilket resulterar i störningar av detektionen.Tillsatser till den leviterade droppen kan göras i pl-området och reaktioner i droppen kan följas med olika spektroskopiska tekniker.

To get the maximal output of your exercise in gym machines, there are different factorsto be considered. For example the strength of the muscle varies dependent on the positionof the muscles. To get the best results of the exercise the load has to reduce and increaseat specific positions.This study was made in cooperation with Caretaker Scandinavia AB, a company forsales, marketing and development in health care. They are general agent for Nordic Gymwho works with manufacturing of equipment and machines for gym and fitness.The aim of this study was to generate a method of measurement to evaluate and controlthe biomechanics of Nordic Gym´s workout equipment. A protocol for an ergonomicanalysis on the equipment has also been elaborated.One of the methods to measure the biomechanics was to measure the torque through thewhole movement.

Background: The majority of the occupational accidents and work-related diseases at Swedish workplaces occur due to poor ergonomics during lifts and transportation of objects. The most common consequence of poor ergonomic conditions is low back pain (LBP) and the risk of developing LBP increases as the mechanical loading on the intervertebral disks grows. This study has investigated the biomechanical loading in the low back during two different types of patient lifts. The first lift (lift A) is developed by Modern Arbetsteknik (MA) and the second lift (lift B) is a common lifting technique among care workers. Objectives: The aim of the study was to identify any advantages or disadvantages with MA?s lift, regarding shear and compression forces in the L5/S1 disc.

Background: Today when leisure time is spent, spontaneous sports activities decrease, due to a more comfortable way of living and physical capacity among non active adolescents decreases. There for it´s interesting to see how the physical capacity level has changed over time among young people participating in organized leisure time sports.Studies around the world show that young people standing outside organized sport activities have tended to decrease their physical activity levels over the last few decades. Less leisure time is spent doing physical activity and sometimes gets put into context with increased time spent behind the computer or inactivity.Design: A retrospective study of the test results on physical capacity between 1982 and 2009 for students applying to Växjö track and field high school. A total of 635 students (15 years old) have done 11 physical tests during the years. Five of these tests, with enough participants (at least 100) and documentation over at least 10 years, were used in this study.Results: This study shows that young track and field athletes have maintained the same physical capacity from 1982 to 2009.

Försvarsmaktens nya inriktning med förskjutning från invasionsförsvar till insatsförsvar samt Sverigesökande internationella engagemang kräver en försvarsmakt som aktivt kan utnyttjas som ett säkerhetspolitiskt instrument.Detta ställer krav på att Försvarsmakten flexibelt kan genomföra insatser med kort varsel vid såväl nationell sominternationell konflikthantering. För att genomföra det krävs ett fokuserat stöd i form av snabb och flexibel logistik. Detmilitära försvarets agerande skall präglas av manövertänkande vilket innebär att logistikresurserna bör utformas så att destridande enheternas manöverförmåga vidmakthålls och helst förstärks av ett robust och dynamiskt logistiksystem. Ett sättatt stödja den utvecklingen kan vara att använda simuleringssystem i större omfattning.Uppsatsen syfte är att undersöka vilket behov av simuleringssystem för logistik som Försvarsmakten har samt att studeravilka befintliga system som är användbara i framtiden. Kvalitativa intervjuer och litteraturstudier utgör källmaterialet föruppsatsen.

The objective of this thesis is to explore opportunities to enhance the phosphorus use efficiencyof inorganic fertilizers in crop production, with techniques available today and in thefuture. Phosphorus is a finite resource of declining quality; therefore a phosphorus use efficiencyin crop production of only 15-30 % is unacceptable. The main reason for low efficiencyis the retention by Ca and Mg in calcareous soils and Fe and Al in non-calcareoussoils. Due to the low mobility of phosphorus, plant uptake is mainly dependent on root growthrather than diffusion. Therefore, measurements need to be taken that benefit contact betweenroot and fertilizer, before fertilizer phosphorus becomes unavailable to the plant.

This thesis is the result of the investigation and solution of a mechanicalproblem regarding flywheel malfunctions. A flywheel is, in short, a devicethat relies on a rotating object?s moment of inertia to store energy overshort time spans. This project is part of the development of a fourthflywheel prototype at the division for electricity at Uppsala university,which uses magnetic levitation to keep a hollow cylinder rotating at veryhigh speeds inside a vacuum chamber. Should the magnets fail however, orsome other error occur that leads to an uncontrolled state of rotation, thecylinder needs to be stabilized mechanically by a device usually referredto as ?back-up bearing?.

Boliden Mineral AB (Boliden) är Europas ledande metallföretag med kärnkompetens inom bl.a. gruvdrift och smältverk. Rapporten behandlar frågeställningarna kring detaljplanering (korttid resursplanering) och produktionsprocesser hos Bolidens underjordsgruvor; Garpenberg, Kristineberg, Renström och Tara.Gruvorna brottas med återkommande störningar av olika slag i produktionsledet vilket påverkar måluppfyllelse (planföljsamhet) för de fastställda veckoplanen. Företagets senaste tidstudie i Kristineberg visar att maskinernas utnyttjandegrad inte motsvarar förväntningarna och har en fallande trend. Tidstudien visar även att maskinfel utgör ca 40 % av totala störningarna.

Det första steget i produktionskedjan för trävaror är skördaren vars uppgift är att avverka och sönderdela träd. Sönderdelningen till stockar baseras på sågverkens beställning som innehåller information om önskad längd och diameter. Diametermätning i skördare genomförs idag med berörande teknik som i takt med att kraven för träproduktion ökar kommer vara tvungen att förbättras alternativt bytas ut.I tidigare studier har beröringsfri diametermätning med lasertriangulering genomförts som visar att en ökad mätnoggrannhet går att uppnå, men att robustheten för ett sådant system måste öka för att kunna användas i praktiken. I studierna föreslås förbättring av mätsystemets algoritm som ett naturligt nästa steg för att öka robustheten.I detta examensarbete utvecklas en algoritm som med mätdata från det ovan nämnda systemet strävar efter att göra en robust diametermätning. I algoritmen löses två delproblem där det första är att identifiera bra mätdata genom sökning och eliminering av extremvärden och det andra är att anpassa en trädmodell för att utifrån denna beräkna diametern.

Detta är ett examensarbete som genomförts undervåren 2014 för högskoleingenjör i Tekniskdesign. Arbetet omfattar 15 hp. Uppdraget var att försöka ta fram en ny kapsling för en serie mätvärdesomvandlare som säljs av Hugo Tillquist AB. En mätvärdesomvandlare är en produkt som övervakar statusen i eldistributionsnäten. Syftet med projektet är att undersöka vilka krav som ställs på en elektronikkapsling och vilka behov som ligger till grund för de kraven.