Risk, som kan definieras som möjligheten att något oönskat ska hända, är idag ett omdiskuterat ämne. Det har blivit allt viktigare att företag kommunicerar information om sina risker och hur de hanteras. Det har visat sig att banker är mycket utsatta för risk och att banksektorn är instabil. De finansiella risker som banker ofta är utsatta för är kreditrisk, marknadsrisk, likviditetsrisk och operativ risk. På senare tid, och framförallt till följd av den senaste finanskrisen, har det tillkommit flertalet standarder som reglerar för en mer detaljerad riskupplysning.

With the prospect of future construction on the Skutskär Pulp Mill property, Stora Enso Fine Paper has initiated an investigation of soil contaminants and a risk assessment of these contaminants. A soil and groundwater investigation has therefore been conducted on an open area of about 16 000 square meters, situated between the current wood room and digester house. To be able to integrate this study into an investigation for the whole industrial property, the study has been carried out as a phase 2 study according to the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency?s Methods of Inventories of Contaminated sites (MIFO).The site investigation has involved soil and groundwater sampling, together with the analysis of heavy metals and organic contaminants. The degree of hazard posed by the contaminants, the level of contamination, the potential for migration of the contaminants, as well as the degree to which protection of human health and the environment is required in the area, have been weighed together for an overall risk assessment of the area with regard to human health and the environment.The investigated area was built up by filling in the coastal waters.

Syfte: Uppsatsens syfte är att diskutera kapitaltäckningsreglernas betydelse för kreditgivning. Detta uppnås genom följande delsyften: 1) Redogöra för de nuvarande och kommande reglerna i samband med Baselkonventionens förslag och dettas genomförande i Sverige. 2) Beskriva och analysera kapitaltäckningsreglernas betydelse i de fyra största svenska bankerna före och efter den kommande förändringen.3) Diskutera kravens betydelse för bankernas och kreditmarknadens stabilitet. Metod: Vi har använt oss av en induktiv metod och gjort en kvalitativ undersökning. I uppsatsen har vi valt att utgå från de fyra storbankernas perspektiv.

Fondsparandet har länge varit den dominerande sparformen i Sverige. Totalt ägnar sig hela 74 procent av Sveriges befolkning åt aktivt fondsparande, och andelen blir högre vid pensionssparande. Tendensen är tydlig, svenskar ägnar sig allt mindre åt att själva äga aktier och har i stället överlåtit sparandet till banker och fondförvaltare. Storleken på en aktiefond har stor betydelse för vilken strategi en förvaltare väljer. Tidigare studier har funnit att det finns skillnader mellan förvaltad fondförmögenhet, avkastning och risktagande.

This essay is about North Korea, Kim Jong Il and how the future looks for the states political system. The purpose is to explain how Kim Jong Il and the North Korean regim rules the state and with help of Machiavellis theory about the Prince, tell about the states future. The essayinvestigates how well Kim Jong Il and the North Korean regime are keeping their power overthe state and if their possibilities to continue in the same way are good or bad. The essayinvestigates North Koreas possibilities for further reign through Niccolo Machiavellis theory.The argument is that the North Korean state and Kim Jong Il have few or noneconditions to continue with the same political system that the state in this time have.The result shows that, through a Machiavellian perspective, Kim Jong Il and the North Korean regime have bad conditions to continue ruling the state in same way as now. The investigation, unfortunately, do not show when and how North Korea will be exposed to a government switch , but the result points to a change..

This thesis has been carried out in cooperation with Burseryds Bruk AB.Burseryds Bruk is a company that manufactures steel strapping. The thesis isabout developing a concept of protection that should be used to protect theoperators from the rotating parts of the machinery lines. The aim of the projectwas to improve work safety for operators working at the machines by producing aconcept for a protective device. The project's first part was based on ergonomic data collection methods tounderstand the operations performed on the machine and the hazard occurringduring the process. The methods used to collect data were, interviews,observations and questionnaires with the operators of the company. This was thenused to make the ergonomic analyzes hierarchical task analysis and link analysis. The data collected from the company's operators was used create 10 conceptswhich were then evaluated.

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze green marketing and green brand building from a managerial perspective, with the intention to create an implementation guide for companies in the Swedish consumer market.  The essay is based on a qualitative approach with a mixture of inductive and deductive elements. We have interviewed five people with close links to green marketing. We have during the study identified a number of touch points to be particularly important in the process of incorporating green marketing. These findings are presented in full in chapter five. We have found that the framework of green marketing is established during the company?s choice of green strategy.

The modern workplace is dependent on effective communication in order for the employees to be able to execute their tasks. Despite this over half of the new communications-solutions that are inserted to handle an organizations communication needs fail. Therefore this study focuses on the adoption of communication-solutions in the context of the modern workplace. This with the intent of identifying factors that are central to the individuals? adoption of new communication-solutions.

There are many different forms of financing for small businesses and two common financing options mentioned in the study, bank loans and Venture Capital.Venture Capital is a form of risk capital financing, investing in unlisted stock market. The feature of the arrangement is that those people are trying to find companies that can offer unique, attractive and in demand products on a strong growing market. Since VC-firms are taking a big risk in cooperation with the investment, the VC-company strong demands while assessments are made on the company will generate a return in the future.Bank loans are the most common form of financing for companies in the market. Requirements and assessment under the law is hard especially for small businesses because financing entails high risks. Banks require that the liquidity management in the enterprise should be stable because the bank's main objective is to repayment of debt and the interest payable on the capital.The purpose of this study is to examine the requirements and assessments VC-firms and banks make use of the financing of small businesses. .

Haemophilia is an inherited disease which causes increased bleeding due to defect clotting factors VIII and/or IX. There are two forms of haemophilia, A and B, which both are X-linked and due to mutations of the genes of factor VIII and factor IX respectively. This study focuses on Haemophilia A and thereby factor VIII.The drugs that are available on the Swedish market today for patients with haemophilia A include Factor VIII(FVIII), which has been purified from human plasma and recombinant factor VIII(rFVIII). The main goal of this study is to gain a better understanding of the effects of treatment of haemophilia A with either purified plasma factor VIII or recombinant factor VIII on reducing or preventing bleeding and on side effects.  The study was designed as a literature review and searches were carried out in PubMed at the Linnaeus University library.  The criteria for selection of articles were: patients with haemophilia, treatment with plasma derived and/or recombinant factor VIII as well as clinical studies.

This thesis aimed to describe how the ideological dividing line concerning the welfare state has changed between the two largest governmental parties in Sweden, the Social Democrats and the Moderaterna, during 1990 to 2010. The scientist Mark Blyth points out that ideas are important instruments for structural and institutional change by identifying ideas as weapons, blueprints and cognitive locks, which were being used in the theoretical framework. The empirical data was made by a qualitative analysis of the parliamentary speeches and debates from both parties held every year. The results shows that the budgetary law passed in 1997 became a new institutional blueprint, which changed the political conditions for the Social Democrats. Furthermore, the results point to a change in the Moderaterna?s rhetoric concerning the welfare state to a more pragmatic view. .

Personlighetsfaktorerna har betydelse för hur mycket risker individer tar. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om det finns ett samband mellan personlighetsfaktorerna enligt femfaktormodellen och graden av generell riskbenägenhet. Mycket av tidigare forskning har kopplat personlighet till domänspecifikt risktagande som hälsa, ekonomi och arbete, medan denna studie undersöker kopplingen till generell riskbenägenhet i vardagen vilket kan vara att välja ett okänt resmål eller att söka till en ny universitetsutbildning. 189 undersökningsdeltagare i olika åldrar och från olika yrkesgrupper besvarade en enkät bestående av två olika tester, den svenska versionen av the Big Five Inventory (BFI) och en svensk översättning av the Risk Propensity Scale (RPS). Resultatet visar på ett signifikant samband mellan fyra av de fem personlighetsfaktorerna enligt femfaktormodellen och en ökad riskbenägenhet, nämligen Öppenhet, Samvetsgrannhet, Utåtriktning och Vänlighet.

Transportation of oil and gas by the Sea characterizes challenges from a safety viewpoint. In this type of transportation, different sizes of special tankers carrying oil and gas. The marine transportation of these scarce natural riches is involved with risks and hazards, which may lead to many losses; for instance, wasting oil and gas, injuries of people, damaging ships and properties, and damaging environment. The main purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the risks, hazards, and accidents during transportation of oil and gas (mainly Crude Oil, liquefied petroleum gas, and Liquefied natural gas) by the Sea with concentrating on transport safety. Hence, a better understanding of these risks and hazards can contribute to decrease of addressed losses.This study is carried out on risks associated with maritime transportation of oil and gas starting with describing the general casual chain (dealing with causes, incidents, accidents and consequences/causalities), continuing with describing risk analysis techniques (including event tree analysis and fault tree analysis) and risk control measures/options, and finally implementing aforesaid investigations on real data from two areas; namely UK territorial waters and the Baltic Sea.In this study, the results of analyzing data from 1991 to 2010 in UK territorial waters revealed that collision and grounding were two most common accidents in terms of crude oil tankers, LPG and LNG carriers in which 44% of all accidents were equally divided between collision and grounding.

En hårdnande marknad och ökad konkurrens har lett till många omfattande organisationsförändringar. Privatisering av det statliga är en del i denna utveckling. Detta, samt den ökande stress-sjukligheten bland anställda, motiverade en studie angående sjukvårdsanställdas utbrändhet. Det privatiserade S:t Görans sjukhus jämfördes med landstingsstyrda Södertälje sjukhus. S:t Göran sågs som ett typexempel på den förändrade "nya organisationen", främst p g a de individ- och identitetsorienterade styrmetoder som i och med privatiseringen börjat användas.

The aim of this investigation work " What was it called...Equality...? is to study a clinics current gender equailty plan from a gender approach and by a field survey see if, and in that case, how it can be improved. A connection between existing gender norms and gender power strukctures is applied in the results of this survey in order to illustrate their significance from an individual as well as a structural perspektive.The survey has been carried through by a field survey as well as a discourse analysis as method. Yvonne Hirdmans gender power system is on of the main theoretical points of departure.The results that I have achieved in this essay is that gender can be looked at in different ways within the labour market where women have the main responsibility over the family and are considered more nursing then men. Men on the other hand are thinking of their carriers and have higher salary requirements.