The fundamental prohibitions against anti-competitive agreements and abuse of a dominant position are set out in the EC Treaty, articles 81 and 82 respective CL 6 and 19 §. EU: s objectives can be said to promote economic and social development within the community. These objectives will be achieved, among other things, through the establishment of a common internal market. In order to achieve a common market, where companies from different nations compete on equal conditions, it is not enough to prevent the member states from distortion of competition in the market. The free competition and thereby the advantages the common market is assumed to create, can also be limited through measures taken by companies.

Grönsakskonsumtion hos arbetsklassmän sett ur ett genus- och klassperspektiv..

Investment in hedge funds is a relatively new phenomenon for investors compared with other forms of savings. In recent years, the interest has increased among investors in investing their money in hedge funds, given the protection against declines in the market they are aiming for. Their main purpose is to generate a high return at a low risk regardless of market trends. This they can achieve by having fewer restrictions that offer more flexible investment strategies and freer investment opportunities.The purpose of this paper is to identify how the selected hedge fund strategies have performed during the recent economic downturn. We also want to clarify the claim that hedge funds exhibit a positive absolute return regardless of what the market is performing.In order to answer the purpose of the essay and its problems, we have used a quantitative method with a deductive approach in the processing of data.

The Capturetheory wants to give an alternative explanation for the need of regulation. From this point if view the government does not have enough information to make an optimal regulation. There is a possibility for different interest groups to take advantage of the political arena by rent- seeking behaviour. An industry may be willing to be regulated to protect itself from competition. The objective of this paper is to account for the pros and cons of the theory of regulatory capture and also if it can be applied to the Swedish market of pharmaceuticals.

The purpose of this thesis is to increase the understanding of why convertible bonds are a relatively uncommon financing method in Sweden. The aim is to find the explanatory factors for this situation. The analysis is based on interviews conducted from three perspectives; the investor?s, the adviser?s and the issuer?s. The main finding is that the Swedish financial market has characteristics that inhibit the development of a convertible bond market in Sweden, leading to the fact that most convertible bonds are issued under special circumstances.

Syftet med den här studien är att beskriva och analysera hur ett småhus ålder kan påverka marknadsvärdet och taxeringsvärdet för en småhusfastighet samt hur den svenska taxeringsmodellen tar hänsyn till hur ett småhus ålder påverkar värdet. Målet är att ge förslag på hur ett småhus ålder kan behandlas vid fastighetstaxering i Sverige.Ett småhus definieras som en byggnad inrättad till bostad för en till två familjer och en småhusfastighet utgörs av ett småhus plus dess tomtmark. Vid fastighetstaxering av småhusfastigheter i Sverige bestäms ett byggnads- och ett tomtmarksvärde som sedan slås ihop till ett taxeringsvärde för småhusfastigheten, taxeringsvärdet ska motsvara 75 % av marknadsvärdet två år före taxeringsåret. Byggnadsvärdet respektive tomtmarksvärdet bestäms utifrån olika värdefaktorer, en av dem är värdefaktorn ålder vilket anges som ett värdeår ämnat att uttrycka en byggnads återstående ekonomiska livslängd.Metoder som har använts i studien är en litteraturstudie som granskat tidigare forskning inom ämnet samt lagstiftning och facklitteratur. En kvantitativ undersökning av småhus och köp i Gävle kommun har genomförts för att skapa en generell bild av hur ett småhus ålder påverkar småhusfastigheters taxeringsvärde samt en generell bild av när taxeringsvärdet är svårbedömt på grund av ett småhus ålder.

The genus Campylobacter is globally recognised as the leading bacterial cause of human foodborne gastroenteritis. Every year around 8000 Swedes are infected by Campylobacter. Most people are infected by thermotolerant Campylobacter species, commonly C. jejuni and C. coli.

Environmental impact and management of energy is a highly topical issue in today's society. Climate impact must be reduced. The Government has set a target to reduce energy consumption in buildings by 20 % by 2020 and 50 % by 2050 compared to the energy use in 1995.With this in mind, we chose to examine how property owners can work on improving energy efficiency in existing apartment buildings. We also wanted to investigate profitability of different increasing energy efficiency measures and the calculation methods and the risk assessment performed by such investments. To tie in with government objectives, we also saw the possibilities of achieving these goals.20 companies were interviewed, of which 14 were property owners and 6 were consulting firms that works with energy efficiency.

Real estate is defined as ground, which is divided into property. Ground means every part of the surface, which is situated within the country. There is no legal definition of property to be found. Property is usually explained as every unit, which legally should be registered in the register of landed properties. To constitute a property the property must permanently be suited for its purpose.

The purpose of this research is to evaluate traditional market segmentation variables, as criticism has been directed towards these variables. Based on our problem discussion we find it motivating to undertake investigation in order to understand which connotations an ethnographic approach will provide. Methodology:We have applied an ethnographic approach, which has enabled us to attain under the surface knowledge from our respondents. Theoretical perspective:As we wanted to evaluate existing traditional segmentation variables, we decided to only include theory regarding these variables. Empirical data:In order to collect our data, we observed seven respondents at Ikea and conducted observations and in-depth interviews in their homes.

Uppsalahem AB is a municipally owned real estate concern that owns and administrates housing for nearly 30 000 people. The company puts a lot of effort into reducing the energy use of their housing stock. This project is a master?s thesis in the energy systems programme at Uppsala University, carried out in collaboration with Uppsalahem. The aim of this thesis is to provide energy saving measures for fourteen student housing buildings in Uppsala, Sweden.

In this master?s thesis real settlements for the over consolidated clay below Arenahallen in Halmstad are compared with two different models for settlement calculations; Chalmersmodellen without creep and Chalmersmodellen with creep. Chalmersmodellen with creep is based on Terzaghi?s consolidation theory with an addition to creep. The purpose has been to find out whether Chalmersmodellen with creep can be used for this clay or if Chalmersmodellen without creep should be used instead.

The purpose of this paper is to study whether or not stock returns increase abnormally over month ends on the Swedish stock exchange. Previous research has proven an international so called ?Turn-of-the-Month? effect where stock returns increase significantly over a few days around month ends. If the effect exists, it is a violation of Fama?s Efficient Market Hypothesis.

Syfte:            Denna studie har som syfte att utvärdera påföljdssystemets betydelse för den enskilde fastighetsmäklarens handlande. Vi ska även försöka utveckla det nuvarande påföljdssystemet för att skapa en mer rättvis bedömning av varje enskild fastighetsmäklares handlande.Metod:          För att kunna uträtta vår studie har vi analyserat Fastighetsmäklarnämndens årsböcker år 2007 ? 2009 samt utfört intervjuer med personer inom branschen. Utifrån detta har vi erhålligt vår empiriska data. Dessutom har vi förstärkt vår analysering genom att jämföra systemet med advokatsamfundets påföljdssystem samt använt oss av väsentlig litteratur och lagstiftning.Resultat & slutsats:           Våra slutsatser visar att branschen är i behov av en nyutveckling av sitt påföljdssystem för fastighetsmäklarna.

Ordet bostadsbubbla spreds som en löpeld över världen efter den stora sub-primekrisen i USA2008 som påverkade hela världens finansiella system. Sedan dess är oron för nya bubblorkonstant närvarande.Denna uppsats kommer undersöka de argument som framförs för att en bostadsbubblaexisterar i Sverige. Jag studerar den aktuella debatten och granskar argumenten som framförs.Existerar bostadsbubblan eller inte? Uppsatsen tar också reda på vilka riskfaktorer som skullekunna orsaka ett prisfall på bostäder, oavsett om det råder en bostadsbubbla eller inte. Enjämförelse mellan boendekostnaderna för hyresrätt kontra bostadsrätt görs med spännanderesultat.Dessutom tillfrågar jag drygt 100 fastighetsmäklare om deras tro på den svenskabostadsmarknaden.