This report is the written documentation of a project work carried out at the Division of Engineering Materials at Luleå University of Technology in cooperation with Seco Tools AB. The project deals with the analysis of residual stresses in Ti-Al-N thin film grown on WC/Co cutting inserts. The composition of Al varied from 0% up to 75%. Increasing the Al content in the Ti(1-x)Alx N compound improves the compressive residual stresses even after annealing of the material. The experiments have been performed in a high temperature x-ray diffractometer (HTXRD) where the interplanar atomic spacing was determined in-situ and subsequent converted into stresses.

Since the introduction of the European citizenship in the Maastricht treaty, social rights havetaken a back seat to the economic and political elements. Nevertheless, over the past yearssocial issues have been increasingly included on the agenda following the universalrecognition of challenges resulting from further economic integration and demographicchange. The extensive research on European social policy so far tend to focus on initiativesput forward by the European Commission, and offers little to explain the multitude of lines ofreasoning on how far EU social policy should be taken or why it still remains one of the leastdeveloped policy areas. By examining plenary debates in the European Parliament concerningfamily policy, this Bachelor thesis aims to describe the complex of problems connected to afurther development of the social dimension of the European citizenship.The analysis finds that the most imminent problems impeding an expansion of the EU familypolicy lie not only in the many clashes of opinions between advocates of the various existingwelfare models, but also in the conflicts of interests and the different levels of ambitionbetween EU institutions - most notably the Commission and the European Parliament..

The aim of this thesis is to describe and analyse the development of libraries on Tjörn, an island on the Swedish west coast. I have divided the thesis in two parts, one in which I will describe the libraries development between the years 1873 to 1952 in the municipality of Stenkyrka and one in which I will describe the libraries development between the years 1976 and 1985 in the municipality of Tjörn. The study is mainly based on written materials and a theoretic model will also be used in which I apply three factors, society, the libraries economy and individual actors on the library activity. The libraries in Stenkyrka during the early period were dependent of public grant from the state for their survival and the libraries were undeveloped. The society around them was poor and hardly any money or assistants came from the municipality.

AbstractEqual opportunities from an employer brand perspective- What does the future manpower inquire?Authors: Erik Frick & Niklas HalldénInstructor: Karin JonnergårdExaminer: Sarah PhilipsonBackgroundWe are living in a society that originates from a patriarchy founded many thousand years ago. This has put women in an inferior position in the labour market. To promote equal opportunities we argue for that companies can utilise employer brand. Employer brand is a new theoretic concept that is being used more frequently among scholars and companies.Presentation of the problem? Which role do equal opportunities play to attract potential manpower from an employer brand perspective?MethodOur method has a quantitative approach and we have choosen to carry out a survey.

AbstractEqual opportunities from an employer brand perspective- What does the future manpower inquire?Authors: Erik Frick & Niklas HalldénInstructor: Karin JonnergårdExaminer: Sarah PhilipsonBackgroundWe are living in a society that originates from a patriarchy founded many thousand years ago. This has put women in an inferior position in the labour market. To promote equal opportunities we argue for that companies can utilise employer brand. Employer brand is a new theoretic concept that is being used more frequently among scholars and companies.Presentation of the problem? Which role do equal opportunities play to attract potential manpower from an employer brand perspective?MethodOur method has a quantitative approach and we have choosen to carry out a survey.

Biogas a?r en fo?rnybar energika?lla som kan framsta?llas genom ro?tning av organiskt material som go?dsel eller gro?dor. Trots att lantbruket sta?r fo?r 76 % av den totala biogaspotentialen i Sverige producerades endast en procent av biogasen 2008 i ga?rdsanla?ggningar. Uppsatsens syfte a?r att ge en o?versikt o?ver vad som orsakar den la?ngsamma utvecklingen av sma?skalig biogas, samt att ge fo?rslag till lo?sningar som kan leda till en snabbare expansion.

Titel: Verksamhetssystemet - Processkartläggning och strategiimplemente-ring i mindre till medelstora företag Författare: Carl-Fredrik Bredberg Anna Daun Wester Christina Hansson Handledare: Everth Larsson, Institutionen för Teknisk Logistik Carl-Henric Nilsson, Företagsekonomiska Institutionen Problemformulering: Problemformuleringen är uppdelad i tre fokusområden som löper genom hela examensarbetet. Fokusområde 1 ? Utveckling av Verksamhetssystemet. För att säker-ställa att alla i företaget arbetar på ett samordnat sätt och levererar med samma höga kvalitet, även om företaget expanderar ytterligare, vill fö-retaget införa en ny form av struktur och styrning. Fallföretaget vill skapa ett interaktivt, webbaserat verktyg som baseras på företagets processer.

The health care is an important part of the welfare services in Sweden. Therefore it is of large interest that it is well performing. A part of this is related to how the health care is organized. This essay examines how the Swedish health care has been organized between 1960 and 1990 and what organizational changes that have been made to the health care. It shows that the Swedish health care has un-dergone many organizational changes the last decades.

Syftet med denna studie har varit att ta reda på hur det är att vara kvinna och äga och driva ett företag som har flera anställda. Jag valde att undersöka kvinnor som har flera anställda då jag tidigare inte funnit någon forskning på det området samt för att de flesta kvinnliga företagare är soloföretagare, vilket betyder att de inte har några anställda och företaget räknas som levebrödsföretag.För att få fram den kunskap som jag eftersträvade har jag använt mig av kvalitativ metod och djupintervjuer då jag samlade in mitt empiriska material. Då jag sedan analyserade detta material har jag använt mig av de analysmetoder som används inom grundad teori och narrativanalys.Resultatet blev följande. Kvinnliga företagare expanderar då efterfrågan växer.Kvinnliga företagare har också tagit till sig det kvinnliga ledarskapet som anses vara mjukt och omsorgsfullt. Detta kan även hindra att företaget växer..

I slutet av 1800-talet ökade Luleås befolkning drastiskt som följd av stadens nya roll som utförselhamn för Lapplands järnmalm. Från 1890 till 1900 steg befolkningen från 4745 till 9522 människor. Luleå var däremot inte till fullo anpassat för en sådan stor befolkning, vilket bidrog till en rad svårigheter. Den ökande befolkningen medförde nya, samt förvärrade redan existerande, problem rörande bl.a. stadens sanitära och hälsomässiga situation.

Mass distribution with techniques as multicast and peer-to-peer are becoming increasingly important in the Internet. Today the distribution of sound and video over Internet, so called streaming media, is static due to the unicast method. This results in a linear increase of distribution costs and therefore no conditions for commercial scalability. This thesis describes why multicast may be the only scalable alternative for commercial mass distribution of streaming media over Internet. Mass distribution through peer-to-peer technology promises a lot but is fronting a couple of great challenges, for example asymmetric bandwidth, locality and legalization.

Wind power in Sweden is expanding in response to the government's decision that 49% of Sweden's power should originate from renewable energy sources by the year 2020. Problems with noise and sound emissions related to wind turbines are a constant argument against the wind power expansion and this paper means to examine if vertical axis wind turbines might be a viable alternative to the conventional horizontal design for noise sensitive areas. In order to determine factors like difference in frequency, noise propagation and noise emission level, measurements of both horizontal and vertical axis wind turbines have been completed and the data analyzed with MATLAB. It is shown that there is a difference in how the noise from the two types of turbines propagates due to avariation in the frequency spectra of the emitted sound. It is also shown that vertical axis wind turbines generate a lower sound emission with less intensity inthe lower frequencies..

The enormous expansion of knowledge society has lead to a path away from the industrial enterprises toward the more knowledge-based entrepreneurship companies. This development has also meant that intellectual capital now can be seen as the core of the new business structure. However the growth has not been reflected in either the legal or the economic regulations in relation to what could have been expected, which means that there is thus a gap between de lege lata and de lege ferenda. This can specifically been seen regarding the prohibition of adding property other than cash applied in payment for shares or regarding issue of new shares when it comes to work and services. The prohibition may therefore be considered to stand against the knowledge companies? advancement.

Vid ett företags internationaliseringsprocess ställs det mot olika hinder, vilka kan vara svåra att passera. I den här studien undersöks ett svenskt småföretag för att besvara frågan om hur dessa kan nyttja sitt kontaktnätverk för att övervinna de barriärer de ställs mot vid en geografisk expansion utomlands. Studien avser också beskriva hur de relevanta relationerna ser ut och vad de medför. Som teoretisk referensram används ARA-modellen och modellen för political embededness. En fallstudie av företaget görs, vilken visar att företaget har ett etablerat kontaktnätverk såväl politiskt och affärsmässigt.

This is a study about a company in Norrköping, called Stadium AB, and its first steps into the global market. We have studied how the conditions of the company have changed during their expansion. This study is not written from the viewpoint of business economics, it is rather a study from a cultural and social studies perspective. The study deals with subjects such as the globalization of society, organizational theories and leadership. The empiric material consists of Stadium?s staff magazine Tracks, the company?s swedish homepage on the Internet and an interview with Sussi Calås-Jonsson, Chief of the Department of Information at Stadium AB.