The Swedish dairy production today consists of big farms and different housing systems are in use. These systems put demands on the cows? ability to cope with the environment and one challenge is the claw health in the herds. Some claw lesions that are frequently observed are foot rot, hemorrhages, digital dermatitis and sole ulcers, which can be caused by, for example, the claws? environment and the flooring type used.

År 2006 antog Europaparlamentet och rådet direktiv 2006/24/EG. Detta direktiv, ofta refererat till som datalagringsdirektivet, har fått stor uppmärksamhet främst på grund av den integritetskränkning som direktivet anses medföra. Direktivet innebär att all datatrafik vid mobil och fast telefoni samt Internet och Internettelefoni ska lagras i brottsbekämpande syfte. Våren 2011 röstades införandet av direktivet i Sverige ner i riksdagen och därmed blivit lagd på is i ett år, trots att det som medlem i Europeiska Unionen krävs av Sverige att införa detta tvångsmedel. Detta har medfört att Sverige för andra gången, då Sverige första gången inte införde direktivet inom utsatt tid, döms till böter på miljonbelopp av Europeiska Domstolen.Denna kriminologiska studie avser att undersöka hur ett införande av datalagringsdirektivet i Sverige motiverats utifrån behov samt hur den integritetskränkning som direktivet medför har rättfärdigats.

SSAB är en svensk stålproducent som grundades år 1978. På senare år har företagets marginaler minskats och koncernen har dragits med förluster, till följd av ökad konkurrens och stigande råvarupriser. SSAB har till följd av detta försökt öka sin konkurrenskraft genom att erbjuda sina kunder värdeadderande tjänster. Som ett led i detta är SSAB intresserade av huruvida VMI kan vara en sådan tjänst.Denna rapports syfte är således att ta fram ett beslutsunderlag för SSAB huruvida förutsättningar för VMI-samarbete mellan SSAB och deras kunder finns, hur detta samarbete bör se ut och vilka kostnadsförändringar som uppstår. Syftet har brutits ned i tre mindre områden.

Pine twisting rust (Melampsora pinitorqua) is a parasitic rust fungus found all across Sweden causing damage resulting in lower quality and reduced tree growth in pine stands. In Sweden, the fungus is dependent on two alternate hosts; European aspen (Populus tremula) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). Pine twisting rust has five different spore stages, two of them (uredinio- and teliospores) on the leaves of aspen. Injures on aspen caused by pine twisting rust is not extensive. On the other hand, when it infects the annual shoots of Scots pine it often results in a bent steam or even a top shoot breakage.

Trade was assigned as a Community responsibility at the founding of the European Community in 1957. It was then recognized that Europe would achieve a greater international influence if it were to negotiate trade deals with one voice. Since then, the basic rule has been that the European Commission negotiates agreements on behalf of the EC, and presents the agreements negotiated for approval in the European Council. Today, the 25-member European Union is the largest trading power in the world, and most member states have decades of experience of coordinating their national trade interests into a common position. However, partly as a result of the complex nature of the trade decision-making processes it is sometimes problematic to identify who or what really influences EU trade policy.

Many wood living insects are considered threatened by modern forestry due to the reduction in amount of dead wood. During the last decade various methods have been used to enhance the quantity of dead wood in managed forests. However little is known how and if these methods are aiding saproxylic insects. The threatened tenebrionid beetle, Upis ceramboides, is already extinct in southern Sweden. It develops in white rotted dead birch (Betula spp) and requires sun-exposed sites.

Glulam?s position at the Swedish market for building constructions has been established over the past decades. Factors affecting glulam demand are found both in global and national contexts as well in customer attitudes and knowledge of the material. Arguments for environmentally friendly and sustainable construction processes and energy-efficient designs are nowadays common, which is something that should motivate increased usage of wood as a renewable material. For the glulam industry to increase its sales, improve profitability and thereby gain market share in present competitive climate, reliable market information and updated market intelligence is required.

Den ökade globaliseringen av kapitalmarknaden och det faktum att marknader numera integreras oberoende av landsgränser, har bidragit till att en harmonisering av redovisningsregler har blivit allt viktigare. Inkonsekvenser i redovisningen har historiskt resulterat i finanskriser och företagskandaler, som fått allvarliga konsekvenser. I syfte att minimera dessa redovisningsskillnader ingick den internationella standardsättaren IASB tillsammans med den amerikanska standardsättaren FASB ett gemensamt projekt. Projektet går under benämningen Norwalk Agreement och startades år 2002. Idag samarbetar IASB och FASB mot målet att öka jämförbarheten med den internationella redovisningen genom att utveckla en enhetlig uppsättning av högkvalitativa redovisningsstandarder.

Full-field flash electroretinography is an electrodiagnostic method used to examine the function of retinal cells. Light stimulation of the eye elicits electrical potentials in the retina. By aid of a corneal electrode and a reference electrode close to the back of the eye, the electrical potentials can be recorded and presented as an electroretinogram (ERG). ERGs driven by mainly one type of cones can be used to examine the function of a single cone class. In human beings, studies have shown the cone class sensitive to light of short wavelengths, the S-cones, to be more vulnerable to acquired damage than the other cone classes (Daley et al., 1987; Gouras et al., 1993; Greenstein et al., 1989). Dogs have two cone classes, S-cones, and M/L-cones (most sensitive to medium to long wavelengths).

In fisheries, there is a long tradition to use catch data when evaluating changes in the stock and effects from harvesting. It is a common practice to use Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) as an index of population size, and several studies have investigated the properties of CPUE in relation to population abundance, spatial distribution and efficiency of gear. In research, catch rate on trap-transects is used as an index of abundance for wildlife species but CPUE is rarely applied as a tool in harvest management.In 1993, more than 60 000 km2 of the state managed mountain range in Sweden was opened to the public for small game hunting, under the responsibility of the county administrative boards in Jämtland, Västerbotten and Norrbotten. The total area is now divided into 332 hunting units (median=73 km2) and an internet based system is used to administer licences and reporting bag statistic. Each hunter has to register the results within two weeks after the hunt.

Background and problem: The financial crisis 2008-2009 came out from an over-optimism among those who took the real estate loans in the U.S., and especially so-called subprime loans. After the 2008 financial crisis, it has become a global uncertainty in the financial market with low growth, and even financial crises in the euro countries have appeared. The real estate industry is a capital-intensive industry where companies have a high leverage to implement their investment. This means they have a larger proportion of debt relative to equity than companies in other industries. As investments require a lot of capital, real estate companies become dependent on having a working relationship with both the banks and the capital market.

European Union has made a new decision that all new built houses by 2020 shallbe near-zero energy houses. Boverket?s definition of near-zero energy housesintends buildings with good energy performance in which a proportion of theamount of energy that must be added to the building is made of renewable energy.Passive House is a set of requirements from FEBY designed to build energyefficient buildings. This is achieved by reducing loss of heat through the buildingenvelope and to take advantage of the passive heat from solar radiation,installation and heat sources like people living in the house.This project has been made with help of Anebyhus and one of their model houseshave been examined from the report?s issues, including Anebyhus?s energyperformance, requirements for the manufacturing and assembly, how theenvelope must be improved to fulfill the requirements for the Passive House andwhat energy calculation programs are available on the market.The report aims to provide solutions for energy efficient houses that are adaptedfor production of house building.Two visits to Anebyhus has been done to study their manufacture and assemblyof building elements.

The taste of the dairy product is probably the main factor determining consumer?s dairy products choice. Consequently it is of great importance that the product tastes good and as expected every time. Off-flavors in milk can be caused by for example oxidation of the milk fat. Since copper is a prooxidant, a high copper content in the milk can cause oxidation.

The red-tailed monkey (Cercopithecus ascanius) is a small, alert and active animal inhabiting forests with dense vegetation and as such hard to observe in its natural habitat. The principal aim of this study was to scrutinize whether the methods, previously used in a behavioural study of the blue monkey (Cercopithecus mitis) can be applied in studies of the red-tailed monkey?s behaviour as well. Additionally, habitat preference and foraging behaviour of the red-tailed monkey were examined. The study was carried out between the 16th and the 22nd of March 2009 in the Sabaringo forest, located on the western border of the Masai Mara National Reserve.

Jordbruket står idag inför utmaningen att öka produktionen av biogas-substrat utan att öka konkurrensen om jordbruksareal för foder- och livsmedelsproduktion. Fånggrödor odlas idag för att reducera jordbrukets kväveläckage till vattendrag. Genom litteraturstudie, intervjuer samt fältförsök undersöktes potentialen för att använda fånggrödor som biogas-substrat (då som mellangrödor), samt huruvida biogaspotentialen förhöjdes genom en mindre kvävegiva i samband med sådden av mellangrödan. Från tidigare publicerad litteratur kunde ses att endast en del utav det upptagna kvävet i fånggrödan återfanns i markprofilen till nästkommande gröda. De två huvudsakliga källorna till kväveförluster var lustgasavgång samt läckage av lättomsättbart kväve över vintern, med varierande nivåer på kväve-förluster beroende på lokal och gröda.