Akut förvirring hos höftfrakturpatienter är vanlig. Den akuta förvirringen kan förebyggas eller kortas och rehabiliteringstiden kan då också kortas. Ett förvirringstillstånd innebär stora påfrestningar på kroppen. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att se hur litteraturen beskriver hur man kan ge en god postoperativ omvårdnad och ett gott bemötande till de patienter som drabbas eller riskerar att drabbas av postoperativ förvirring. Till grund för arbetet ligger ett antal vetenskapliga artiklar samt facklitteratur.

Postoperativ smärta är vanligt förekommande hos patienter som genomgått ortopedisk kirurgi. Intensivvårdsjuksköterskor möter dagligen dessa patienter på intensivvårdsavdelningar. Därför är det av stor vikt att intensivvårdssjuksköterskor har medvetenhet i hur patienter upplever smärta samt vilka omvårdnadsåtgärder som kan vidtas för att lindra smärta. Genom att undersöka hur patienter upplever sin smärta beroende på kön, ålder, ASA- klassifikation samt operationstyp, samt vilka omvårdnadsåtgärder som intensivvårdssjuksköterskor utför i ett smärtlindrande syfte, kan en bättre omvårdnad bedrivas och den postoperativa smärtan kan lindras. Som metod har kvantitativ ansats med enkäter använts som grund till arbetet.

Background: The goal of psychiatric nursing interventions is to enhance people?s ability tocope with feelings of futility, to get control of their lives and to learn coping strategies inorder to manage their mental illness and its consequences. Specialist nurses in psychiatric carecoordinate and direct nursing care based on evidence-based knowledge.Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate what kind of nursing acts specialist nurses usein the psychiatric inpatient unit and investigate how they perceive their professional role.Method: The design used was a descriptive qualitative interview study. Nine specialist nursesworking in psychiatric inpatient units were interviewed. Six of the participants were womenand three were men aged 28-53 years.

Bakgrund: Hjärtats slag har länge förknippats med skillnaden mellan liv och död. År 2010 genomfördes 6 358 hjärtkirurgiska ingrepp i Sverige. De vanligaste ingreppen är koronar bypass-operation, klaffoperation och operation på missbildningar på hjärtat. De viktigaste delarna i pre- och postoperativ omvårdnad är helhetsbedömning av patienten, ge information, ge råd om nödvändiga livsstilsförändringar och att finnas som stöd för patienten. Syfte: Att beskriva patienters erfarenheter före och efter hjärtkirurgi.

Previous studies have shown positive results on the use of music as postoperative pain relief. Quantitative studies have examined the effect of music on rated pain and otherparameters such as anxiety, relaxation and blood-pressure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expectations and experiences of patients and nurses onimplementing music as postoperative pain relief in an orthopedic unitQualitative design and semi-structured interviews were used to examine expectations and experiences. Five patients and five nurses in the unit were interviewed.Four themes developed during the data-analysis. These themes were ?Expectations on music as postoperative pain relief?, ?Experiences of music as postoperative pain relief?,?Effects of music as postoperative pain relief? and ?Continued implementation of musicas postoperative pain relief?.

The engine of JAS 39 Gripen, RM12, has recently been equipped with a new flameholder and a new engine inlet. This change has caused an increased noise level from the engine when the afterburner is in use. The noise level reaches its peak when the afterburner is partially used. The problem is thought to be unstable combustion in the regions around the flameholder. A solution to the problem has been proposed by Volvo Aero.

This report is the result of a thesis conducted at the consulting firm Bjerking AB andis the final part of the Bachelor Programme in Construction Engineering at Universityof Uppsala. The work aims to investigate the costs and how the choice of ventilationsystem affects building projects during a long-term period. This report covers costssuch as investment, maintenance and energy but also how they affect residents andbuilders. Building regulations for energy consumption are expected to be tougher;therefore a comparison of two different heat recovery ventilation systems(HRV-system) was made. One system is based on a centrally placed unit that coversthe whole buildings ventilation through vertical shafts.

Bakgrund: Hjärtats slag har länge förknippats med skillnaden mellan liv och död. År 2010 genomfördes 6 358 hjärtkirurgiska ingrepp i Sverige. De vanligaste ingreppen är koronar bypass-operation, klaffoperation och operation på missbildningar på hjärtat. De viktigaste delarna i pre- och postoperativ omvårdnad är helhetsbedömning av patienten, ge information, ge råd om nödvändiga livsstilsförändringar och att finnas som stöd för patienten. Syfte: Att beskriva patienters erfarenheter före och efter hjärtkirurgi.

The aim of the present study is to examine which need´s unaccompanied children in adulthood describe as significant. Furthermore the study aims to examine if the participants experience that they have received the support they need from Örebro Municipality?s unit for unaccompanied children. To answer this, qualitative interviews were conducted with six persons in 20-22 years of age who arrived to Sweden as unaccompanied children four to six years ago. The interviewees are some of the first in the care of the Örebro Municipality?s unit for unaccompanied children.

Background: About five percent of the infants being born in Sweden are cared for in a neonatal unit because of their prematurity. Breastfeeding and breast milk is considered to be the best nutrition for infants in general and for premature infants in particular. The premature infant, depending on how premature, may not be able to breastfeed effectively due to their immaturity. Stress, anxiety and fatigue are factors that affect breast milk production in a negative direction and these feelings are common in the neonatal unit.Aim: To illuminate mothers? experiences of breastfeeding the premature infant in the neonatal unit.Method: A literature review of eight studies with a qualitative research approach, published between the year 2000 and 2012 was conducted.

The purpose of this study was to examine in which way personnel who work with LVM approach their client?s integrity, autonomy and their participation in decision making. We used a semistructured interview when we interviewed three social workers, one placement secretary and four care personnel who work at institutions for LVM. In the theoretical approach of this study we used the total institutions and the user influence by clients. The study has shown that personnel?s considerations to their client?s integrity, autonomy and participation in decisions are a convoluted problem.

Människan har i alla tider försökt att lindra smärta och lidande på olika sätt. I Sverige visas det att postoperativ smärta inte är tillräckligt behandlad. Patienter beskriver fortfarande att de upplever svår till mycket svår smärta efter operation. Detta trots att mycket bra analgetika finns att tillgå. Smärta är en subjektiv upplevelse och patienten behöver behandlas individuellt.

Knowledge regarding pain and pain treatment is an essential part within nursing that a nurse is responsible for. Earlier studies have shown that lack of that kind of knowledge often results in inadequate treatment for pain. The purpose with the study was to describe nurses? knowledge regarding pain and pain treatment at a medical unit in a hospital in central Sweden, and to see if there was a distinction in knowledge related to professional experience. Data was collected through a questionnaire with questions referring to pain (6 questions) and pain treatment (6 questions).

Bakgrund: Pankreatikoduodenektomi är den enda kurativa behandlingen av pankreascancer och pankreasanastomosläckage (PAL) är en mycket allvarlig postoperativ komplikation. Metoder för att identifiera detta i ett tidigt skede behöver förbättras. Den postoperativa övervakningen består till stor del av vitalparametrar men sjuksköterskan observerar även andra tecken på försämring. Metod: 32 patienter som genomgått pankreatikoduodenektomi inkluderades i studie. Ett bedömningsformulär innehållande 14 parametrar togs fram och användes för att identifiera vad i sjuksköterskans observationer som kan identifiera tidiga tecken på PAL.

Introduction Postoperative wound infections leads to increased patient suffering and cost society money because it leads to longer hospital stays. Previous research shows that patient related risk factors such as smoking, diabetes, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), advanced age (>65 years) a low preoperative hemoglobin level (<140g/L) and a high BMI (> 30) increases the risk of suffering a postoperative wound infection. Aim To investigate whether patients that underwent surgery with Coronary artery Bypass Graft (CABG) in a university hospital in central Sweden in 2013 and had any of these risk factors more often suffer from post-operative wound infection.MethodThe study has a descriptive design and is based on an ongoing infection registration area of operations. The study included 148 patients out of 255 (58%) undergoing CABG in 2013. Possible risk factors were collected through medical record review.Results There was no significant correlation between surgical wound infection and patient-related risk factors such as smoking (not quit smoking four weeks before surgery), diabetes, COPD, advanced age (>65 years), low preoperative hemoglobin (<140g/L) or a high BMI (>30) and suffered a postoperative wound infection.Conclusion More research and a larger sample is needed in the field to produce a reliable result could be presented..