Helsingborg has the intention to build a train tunnel south of Knutpunkten. This report investigates the hydro geological aspects of the project. Questions at issue that will be answered: 1. Which parameters affect the groundwater level? 2. How will these parameters change within 100 years considering climate changes and what will be the consequences on the groundwater level. According to SMHI climate analysis the climate can change causing increasing precipitation, temperature, and a rising sea level.

This report is a description of a developed educational simulator over rail vehicles and its components. The simulator is a hardware-based prototype over a door system on rail vehi- cles. System specialists and technicians will use the prototype. The Simulator should give the user a technical demonstration on how components work in a door system. The proto- type consists of motor, switch, relay and sensor.

Forskning med hjälp av mikroskopi har med tiden ställt merspecialicerade krav på utrustning som används. Utrustningenhar blivit mer bättre men samtidigt också dyrare. Enhög kostnad innebär att avancerad mikroskopi inte kan användassom ett utbildningsverktyg inom grundutbildning.Dagens studenter tvingas på så sätt förberedas för framtidensforskning genom att använda gårdagens utrustning.I detta arbete visar vi hur virtuell mikroskopi kan användasför utbildning och forskning. Virtuell mikroskopi kananvändas som komplement, eller möjligtvis ersättning, förbefintlig undervisning. Vi har demonstrerat detta genomatt utveckla en pilotapplikation som simulerar de två metodernaFLIP och FRAP.

Inledning: Många företag genomför idag någon form av prognos som underlag för deras beslut.Det kan handla om prognoser för hur mycket marknaden kommer att efterfråga, hur storakostnader företaget förväntas ha eller hur mycket personal som kommer krävas.Problemformulering: Hur använder företag prognoser i sin verksamhet?Syfte: Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att beskriva och förklara hur prognoser används i företag.Metod: Den här studien har byggt på en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi. Arbetets forskningsansatshar varierat mellan en induktiv metod och en deduktiv metod. Uppsatsens empiriska material harinförskaffats genom semistrukturerade intervjuer på två utvalda företag; Galenica AB och SAABtraining and simulation.Resultat och slutsats: Undersökningen visar att företag använder prognoser som grund för attfatta beslut. Prognoser används främst som grund för budgetarbetet, men företag upprättar ävenprognoser över andra faktorer som påverkar företagets framtid.

Volvo Hauler & Loader Division in Arvika produces wheel loaders which they deliverthroughout the world. The factory which is situated in Arvika is the largest wheel loader plant in the whole world, with its 1 100 employees. The different models stretch from L60E all theway up to the brand new L350F, with a loader capacity from six tons up to a staggering 35.The assembly of the different models are divided into three different assembly lines, Small(L60-L90), Medium (L110-L120) and Large (L150-L220). The assembly of Heavy (L350)has just been started with an upcoming pre series.This examination paper gives recommendations of improvements and necessary modifications to rationalize the pre-assembly of boom units. Three different scenarios are presented in the paper.

SAAB Aerotech division FGR in Arboga builds and develops equipment and components used in both military and civilian applications. To build a test system for a specific project that SAAB is responsible for requires a simple signal generator that can provide a pulse modulated signal. The need to buy a new advanced signal generator for example from Agilent is not as profitable as the instrument is expensive and contains features that SAAB does not require in their applications and test systems. That was the reason why SAAB offers two students a thesis where the goal is to construct a signal generator in accordance with what SAAB requests.This thesis contains several different phases. The first step was a meeting with our supervisor Mats Bergman and by reading the data sheets for components to be used in the project, with these information and specifications that we have received from SAAB we started to construct the signal generator.What we did during the construction work was to simulate and draw a schematic to be able to design the circuit board.

The Swedish energy company Vattenfall is currently the owner of the district heatingsystems in Nyköping and Motala. To be able to also offer cooling solutions tocustomers are becoming more and more important. This report describes the resultsof an investigation of the cooling market in the two cities and the potential needs forcooling today and in the coming 20 years. The total potential for the coming 20 yearsis estimated to be roughly 17 MW for Nyköping and 9 MW for Motala.Two possible district cooling systems for each of the two city centers was modeledand a comparison was made between different cooling techniques namely absorptionand compressor chillers.Absorption chillers driven with district heating during the summer is one way ofincreasing the load in a combined heat and power plant and thereby the possibleelectricity generation. The cost of heat production must be low for absorption chillerto be able to compete as an alternative.

A reforming trend is captured showing that countries are shifting from defined benefit pension systems towards defined contribution systems. The reforms have been justified through predictions that the defined benefit systems will not manage to provide good enough pensions to members in the future. The newer defined contribution pension plans often include individual financial accounts where individuals have the possibility to choose how a part of their pension savings should be invested. Sweden was early to introduce such a system, which at the moment provides more than 800 funds to choose from. The aim of this thesis is to capture the market risk associated with these individual investments and does so by using Monte Carlo simulations for six selected pension funds.

Forskning med hjälp av mikroskopi har med tiden ställt merspecialicerade krav på utrustning som används. Utrustningenhar blivit mer bättre men samtidigt också dyrare. Enhög kostnad innebär att avancerad mikroskopi inte kan användassom ett utbildningsverktyg inom grundutbildning.Dagens studenter tvingas på så sätt förberedas för framtidensforskning genom att använda gårdagens utrustning.I detta arbete visar vi hur virtuell mikroskopi kan användasför utbildning och forskning. Virtuell mikroskopi kananvändas som komplement, eller möjligtvis ersättning, förbefintlig undervisning. Vi har demonstrerat detta genomatt utveckla en pilotapplikation som simulerar de två metodernaFLIP och FRAP.

Akademiska hus is a real estate company that specializes in providing Swedish universities with housing facilities for educational and research purposes. The company strives to reduce its use of energy by 40% between the years 2000 and 2025. The aim of this thesis is to determine which measures can be taken to reduce the need of purchased energy in a building that is used by theSwedishUniversityof Agricultural Sciences inUppsala.In order to determine the results of various changes to the building envelope and ventilation system, the building was modelled in the computer simulation program VIP-Energy. Other proposed changes to make the use of energy more efficient concerned water use and lighting. The need of purchased energy can also be reduced by producing electricity or heat on site, using solar energy.Results show that economically viable measures include upgrading windows and faucets, adjusting control systems for ventilation and lighting, and installing roof mounted solar panels for power production.

In this report a systematic working procedure for risk classification of processing equipment from a maintenance point of view is described. How this system has been worked out is also an important part of the report. The classification system is adapted for use in complex processing plants. Preemraff Göteborg has been subject for the underlying study and application of the system.The system aims to give a good overview of the maintenance related risks at the plant. Furthermore, the analysis result is a good motivation for the suggested maintenance activities and as motivation for extended or decreased maintenance resources in total.

Bakgrund: I och med att Basel II har instiftats i Sverige så måste finansiella institutioner beräkna sin marknadsrisk på sina portföljer. Detta kan göras genom olika VaR metoder. Dessa ger dock olika uppskattningar på marknadsrisken. De finansiella instituten får använda sig av den metod som de anser reflektera marknadsrisken bäst. Det finns dock ingen metod som utsetts till standard.Syfte: Syftet med detta arbete är att jämföra olika VaR-metoders skattning av marknadsrisken utifrån verkligt utfall, för att urskilja vilken metod som är funktionsdugligast.Avgränsningar: Denna undersökning inkluderar fyra olika VaR metoder.

This report is commissioned by the Water and Sewage Agency in The City of Mariehamn, Åland. The basic aim is to investigate positive or negative effects of a relocation of the sewage pipe from a wastewater treatment plant, Lotsbroverket. The environmental licence of Lotsbroverket is to be revised and The Environmental Appeal Board at Åland?s Government and Administrative Board has made demands that several possible locations in an outer water area should be examined. The present location of the sewage pipe is in Svibyviken, which has been classified as an ?inner water area?.The objective of this work is to study to which extent the nutrient loading from Lotsbroverket influence the environmental conditions in Svibyviken, and to investigate the suitability of different locations of the wastewater pipe from Lotsbroverket.The way a coastal area looks, i.e., its morphometry, determines to a large extent its ecological characteristics.

Forskning med hjälp av mikroskopi har med tiden ställt merspecialicerade krav på utrustning som används. Utrustningenhar blivit mer bättre men samtidigt också dyrare. Enhög kostnad innebär att avancerad mikroskopi inte kan användassom ett utbildningsverktyg inom grundutbildning.Dagens studenter tvingas på så sätt förberedas för framtidensforskning genom att använda gårdagens utrustning.I detta arbete visar vi hur virtuell mikroskopi kan användasför utbildning och forskning. Virtuell mikroskopi kananvändas som komplement, eller möjligtvis ersättning, förbefintlig undervisning. Vi har demonstrerat detta genomatt utveckla en pilotapplikation som simulerar de två metodernaFLIP och FRAP.

This study investigated the possibility of implementing three standards, Transistion Minimized Differential Signaling (TMDS) and two versions of Stub Series Terminated Logic (SSTL), for inter-chip communication in a specific manufacturing process. The two SSTL standards were implemented in one transceiver system while TMDS was implemented in a separate system. The evaluation was done with Spice simulations on schematic level with some parasitic capacitance and resistance. The idea was to investigate the possibility of implementing these standards and get an idea of eventual shortcomings. In order to create models as a basis for evaluation, simulation environments with models for circuit board and packages were created and transmitters and receivers were designed.