One of the most common ways to produce heat and electricity in Europe today is by the incineration of waste or combustion of coal. These materials can be very sulfurous and during combustion sulfur dioxide is produced. This is an environmental and health related toxic substance which is why power plants have strict regulations on removing it from the flue gas. Sulfur dioxide is removed from the flue gas by adding a limestone reagent. The sulfur dioxide reacts with the limestone and the synthetic product obtained is ?Flue Gas Desulfurization gypsum?.

Syftet med arbetet var att undersöka möjligheten för optimering av produktflödet. Företagets produkter transporteras på ett transportband till en gemensam process. Det nuvarande flödet till processen är inte optimerat vilket resulterar i att processen körs ineffektivt. Ackumulering av produkter innan processen ska därför undersökas som en lösning till problemet.Fyra olika ackumuleringsförslag har analyserats och jämförts: hängande bansystem, palleteringssystem, depalleteringssystem och kombination av bansystem och palleteringssystem.Förslagen har blivit bedömda och jämförda utifrån följande parametrar: yta, investeringskostnad, flexibilitet, arbetsbelastning, arbetsmiljö och tid. Hängande bansystem fick det högsta snittvärdet och valdes därför för fortsatt analys med stöd av simulering.

The objectives of this research were to determine whether the natural rattan resources in Sulawesi, Indonesia can cope with the strongly increased harvesting pressure that has occurred over the last centuries. I was furthermore looking for patterns in the rattan population dynamics that might give a hint on how the harvesting system could be improved to ensure a maximum sustainable yield. To answer these questions, I developed an individual-based model to analyse the dynamics of rattan growth in connection with rattan harvests by locals to identify sustainable levels of rattan harvests around villages in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Scenarios with different harvesting intensities were run to compare the change in harvest amount. For a given harvesting pressure, scenarios with a high number of harvesters and a low harvesting frequency had the same effect as scenarios with high harvesting frequencies and a low number of harvesters.

Forskning med hjälp av mikroskopi har med tiden ställt merspecialicerade krav på utrustning som används. Utrustningenhar blivit mer bättre men samtidigt också dyrare. Enhög kostnad innebär att avancerad mikroskopi inte kan användassom ett utbildningsverktyg inom grundutbildning.Dagens studenter tvingas på så sätt förberedas för framtidensforskning genom att använda gårdagens utrustning.I detta arbete visar vi hur virtuell mikroskopi kan användasför utbildning och forskning. Virtuell mikroskopi kananvändas som komplement, eller möjligtvis ersättning, förbefintlig undervisning. Vi har demonstrerat detta genomatt utveckla en pilotapplikation som simulerar de två metodernaFLIP och FRAP.

Mothers of small children often work part-time in Sweden. Since old age pensions are based on lifetime income, part-time work leads to lower pensions, as long as there is no compensation from non-actuarial benefits such as minimum pensions. In this paper, I investigate whether different components of the Swedish pension system provide incentives for part-time work among women. The analysis is performed through a simulation of future pensions for 9 typical women in a certain cohort. For three levels of education, I compare pensions of women with different labor market participation rates in different growth scenarios.

Calesco Foil AB is a manufacturer of thin flexible circuits for heating or electric conduction.The plant is located in Kolbäck, Sweden.One of the company?s products, the conducting polymer pasta is in present situationunpredictable. Unpredictable in the way that the same type of heater shows differentresistance, depending on which time they have been produced. The desired repetitivelyprocess is almost non-existing.The aim of this master thesis is to primary identify those parameters that effects theresistance, observe and if possible to perform tests on them. The results from this analysisstand as base for recommendations to achieve a repetitive and standardized printing process.The results and the observations from the tests indicate that a repetitive process is possible toachieve.

I denna uppsats behandlas hur klassningssällskapens regelverk kan bidra till ett örlogsfartygs överlevnad vid vapenverkan. Syftet är att undersöka om regelverken kan användas för att implementera stryktålighet genom sina notationer och krav på redundans, separation och skydd mot splitter.Arbetet inleds genom kunskapsuppbyggnad av teorier som behandlar örlogsfartygs överlevnad, vilka sedermera bildar arbetets teoriram. Sedan sker en analys av regelverken samt en fiktiv operativ miljö skapas för att ta fram taktiska uppgifter samt hot, vilka sedan omvandlas till verkansdelar och kritiska system. Därefter skapas modellerna som tillsammans med verkansdelarna används i simuleringen som genomförs i simuleringsverktyget Semiautomatsikt fartygs verktyg för AVAL. Simuleringarna mäter utslagssannolikheter av olika funktioner ombord vid påverkan från de framtagna verkansdelarna.

Along with rising energy prices and increasing awareness of environmental issues, the criteria for buildings energy performance have been sharpened through the years. Today, ?passive house? and ?low energy house? are commonly used phrases in the construction industry and is expected to become increasingly common in the future.For houses with well-insulated building envelope the importance of well constructed details increases when minimizing the heat losses. Examples of these details are floor-wall junction and window openings in the wall. In such connections thermal bridges occur, which means that heat more easily is transported out of the building, compared to the rest of the building envelope.This report deals with detail solutions around windows and a comparison between a traditional slab and a foundation from Koljern consisting of foam glass.

Due to increasing regulations regarding new diesel vehicles particulate matteremissions the new Scania truck, Scania Euro 6, has been equipped with a particulatefilter. This component effectively stores the particles in the exhaust gas but must becleaned in order to prevent itself from clogging. The filter is cleaned through aprocess named regeneration which is a thermodynamic process in which thetemperature of the filter is raised through fuel supplied to the exhaust gas.The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the development of improved controlstrategies of the temperature during the regeneration process through thedevelopment of model-based controllers. These controllers are designed in order tohave good performance in stationary as well as automatic regeneration.In order to develop these model-based controllers a model of the system isconstructed. The model is described as a linear thermodynamic grey-box model withflow varying parameters, showing good results in validation.The model provides a simulation environment during the controller design, which isfocused around the development of linear regulators with the exhaust gas mass flowas a scheduling variable whose size determines controllers? mode of operation.

GPS is perhaps the future in agriculture. The next years will show it but the precision becomes only better and better and the number of users becomes only more and more. This work shows experiences from today's users and how the profitability can be improved on a farm with normal plant cultivation. The aim is to show how big the actual advantage can be to have a GPS and how good precision there is with the equipment. John Deere and Trimble are the big producers of GPS equipment to the agriculture.

The environmental monitoring in Sweden has been developed by several different parties and is now being coordinated and made more effective in order to meet the current demands on high quality information regarding the state of the environment. Sweden has been divided into five different water districts based on watershed areas because of requirements in the Water Directive of the EU. In Sweden there are two common types of environmental monitoring programs used to gather information on changes in time and in space. Currently both these two types are used for lakes in the water district of the western sea but only one is used for watersheds. The purpose of this report is to supply basic information regarding the possible need for a second environmental monitoring program for watersheds in order to better describe the spatial variation within the district as well as to determine the number of samples necessary in order to describe the district over time and space.

2. SUMMARY A small garden exposed to a harsh coastal climate can be difficult to design. Limitations in space and in plant varieties increase the needs of an in-depth knowledge to achieve wanted goals. In this degree project the challenge has been to create a functional and position adapted garden for a very small beach house lot in Mölle, a little harbour village at the south coast of Kullaberg. ?Villa Malm?, is situated directly on the bedrock in a close settlement where the gardens, in most cases are very small and exposed to strong salty winds.

The objective of this thesis is to make a training material for KSU, which shows how radiation affects the different electronic components in a radiological environment.All electronic systems in the presence of high ionizing radiation can experience difficulties and be destroyed.This influence may compromise the control system and thus the safety of a nuclear reactor plant.To achieve this objective requires a description of electronic components and sensors, to better understand its function.This thesis will also show the possible solutions available that the author found interesting.Organizations such as NASA, CERN and ESA have worked to develop electronic components immune to radiation. Those organizations have also developed a test protocol that guarantees to a certain extent the security of electronic components in a radiological environment.Since we know how the material reacts with the radiation, it could develop a material that can be resistant to radiation or like CMOS technology has proposed, to reduce the component to avoid the storage of charge in the oxide.Another solution can be the GRAPHENE. Its features will revolutionize the electronics and provide answer to the radiation problems, Graphene will replace Silicium and the electronic components will only have a few nanometers dimensions so the oxide area also reduces, and in this way avoid the known problem of storage of charge..

Detta examensarbete innehåller en beskrivning av växter som under olika förhållanden trivs och kan växa i områden med delvis eller hel skugga. Beskrivningarna av växterna är översiktliga och ämnar inte informera läsaren grundligt om växten utan enbart om enklare fakta för att kunna planera sin trädgård. Jag har valt att inrikta mig på markförhållande beroende på klimatet (torr, fuktig och blöt mark) och markförhållande beroende på substratet (sand, lera, humus och torv) samt temperaturbundna växter. Därefter följer en slutsats där jag reflekterar över mitt arbete. ***********This thesis contains a description of plants that thrive and can grow under different conditions in areas with partial or full shade.

In recent years, existing solutions for cooling personal computer CPUs have been supplemented by a new product category, factory sealed water cooling loops. These systems, consisting of a water block with an integrated pump, a fan and a radiator, perform well compared to the air cooling solutions but are less effective than larger, custom-built water cooling systems.This project aims to explore the most important aspects of a factory sealed system and to identify possible cost-effective enhancements of the performance.The most significant differences between the different groups of water cooling loops are the block design and the pumping power. The performance of both categories is also largely dependent on the fan power, but increasing fan power has a large negative impact on the noise level.Both radiator size and fan model choice appear, in tests, to be relatively unimportant, presuming that the noise level is kept constant. The position and direction of the fan, however, has significant impact on both the temperature and the sound level.Water blocks can be designed in several different ways, both regarding the heatsink design and the flow direction. In simulation, flow with the inlet centered above the heatsink result in considerably lower pressure drop and slightly higher temperatures than flow through the block, for heatsinks with fin arrays.Creating a competitive product in this product segment certainly seems possible, as there are performance-increasing changes to be made that seemingly has little impact on the production cost.