Previous research and patient complaints to the Swedish Patient Support Committee shows that there is a lack of substance in the patient-nurse relationship. This may suggest that it can be difficult for health care to live up to health-care law which requires it to be of good quality, based on dignity and respect and designed so that the patient is an active participant and can make their own decisions when it comes to their health care. For a better understanding of what a dignified patient-nurse relationship is, this study aims to clarify what the patient values as good patient-nurse relationship and describe how they have experienced the patient-nurse relationship during their stay at an emergency care department. The study is a descriptive cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, where the population consisted of patients who were cared for at an emergency care department in the County of Västmanland, Sweden during 2007. The sample consisted of 93 patients which were asked to answer a questionnaire.

The elderly care is an area of great importance to women. Women are more often in need of elderly care; they work with the service and provide a majority of the informal service. Research shows that managers? work-related prerequisites are significantly different between the male dominated technical administration and the female dominated care and educational administration. Studies also show that what the highest managerial organisation gives priority to, often permeate the whole organisation.

The progress of the health among the elderly has a major meaning for the needs of care, nursing and social services. The health of the elderly has improved but fall and fall accidents are a major problem. Acute diseases, activities and environment risks are often related to fall accidents. The aim of the study was to describe health care staffs? opinions about fall risk and fall prevention.

Sjuksköterskor inom palliativ vård behöver på ett effektivt sätt hantera stressorer för att hindra att patienterna påverkas av sjuksköterskans stressreaktioner och för att förebygga utmattningssyndrom och 'compassion fatigue'. Vårt syfte har därför varit att undersöka vilka strategier som sjuksköterskor använder för att hantera de stressorer de utsätts för i palliativ vård. För att undersöka detta har vi gjort en litteraturstudie av vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ metod för att hitta essensen i dessa. Vi har i vår litteraturstudie av artiklar inom området funnit tre huvudkategorier; Att sätta gränser, Att ha en tillåtande miljö omkring sig, och Att finna mening i livet. Sjuksköterskan behöver gränser på olika sätt, bland annat för att hitta en balans mellan att bli allt för engagerad och att inte vara tillräckligt engagerad för att göra ett bra jobb.

The intention of this study was to examine the interaction between authorities. More specifically it had a purpose to look at the ongoing cooperation between social workers and staff of special homes of closed institutional youth care. The sanction system for young offenders? reform of 1999 where young people between the ages of 15-17 who have committed serious crimes, can be sentenced to secure institutional treatment instead of prison, aims to counteract the harm which can result from a stay in prison. The social welfare board in the young person´s local authority and the national board of institutional care shall cooperate during the youth?s placement at the special home of closed institutional youth care.

Objective: From the patient?s perspective describe communication difficulties, which can arise, and how they are handled in their contact with public health care and illustrate their needs of communication.Method: A study of literature was carried out to receive a background and an insight in previous research concerning the subject area. Twelve women with hearing loss was asked to complete a questionnaire, with open questions, regarding communication difficulties in health care situations.Sample: For the literature review, scientific papers were selected via the database, PubMed using relevant keywords. Seven were selected for closer review. For the survey study twelve women were asked to participate which ten of those responded.Results: The study of literature shows that communication difficulties occur in public health care between patients with hearing loss and the nursing staff.

From the day we are born, we slowly grow old and sooner or later most people will have to use geriatric care provided by the community. In the Swedish model, society is responsible for the geriatric care, so the elderly can live a dignified, meaningful and active life. Home help insert activity is designed to help elderly get their social needs satisfied in the form of, for example, being outdoors, walk and visit a friend or some other form of social interaction. The study's purpose is to study how older people use and perceive bet activation in the municipal home care. To find out how this was conducted five interviews with older people who have help from home care to insert activation was made.

Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskan har till uppgift och ansvar att ta hand om hela familjen när en familjemedlem blir sjuk. Viktiga delar i den palliativa vården är kommunikationen och relationer som bör fungera bra mellan familjen, patienten, arbetslaget samt inom arbetslaget. Närstående ska erbjudas att delta i vården och få stöd både under familjemedlemmens sjukdomstid och efter dödsfallet. Familjen är en viktig del i vården av en patient och det är viktigt att sjuksköterskan har kunskaper om familjen och att kommunicera med dem. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa familjens upplevelser av kommunikationen med sjuksköterskan vid palliativ vård.

The purpose of this study was to examine how some young mothers, who previously have been in foster care or residential care, describe the way motherhood has affected their lives and identities. Narrative interviews were conducted with three teenage mothers and one mother aged 23. As tools for analyzing the narratives, theories about narrative psychology and how people present themselves through story-telling and language were used. The results of the study show that becoming a mother was life-changing in a positive way, according to the young mothers. They described how they, since becoming mothers, had become more mature and now lived less risk-full lives.

Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskans kunskaper, förhållningssätt, etiska principer och medkänsla betyder mycket, inte bara för patienten utan även för patientens anhöriga i livets slutskede. Dessa faktorer spelar även en stor roll för att sjuksköterskorna ska kunna ta ställning vid passiv dödshjälp. Passiv dödshjälp förekommer i Sverige och är tillåten. Denna form av dödshjälp innebär att en behandling avbryts eller inte sätts in på sjukvårdens initiativ, patientens eller anhörigas begäran. Syfte: Syftet är att belysa faktorer som påverkar sjuksköterskors uppfattningar av passiv dödshjälp inom palliativ vård.

Background: Basic hygiene is an important measure to prevent healthcare associated infections, save patients? lives, and reduce economic costs for health care. Healthcare associated infections are a threat to patient safety. In community care persons who are the care takers are a risk group and nurses must make sure that basic hygiene procedures are followed.Method: Literature studies with descriptive design, article search in databases Cinahl and PubMed. The results found are based on twelve chosen articles.Aim: To describe factors related to adherence to basic hygiene and how nurses in community care can help to improve compliance with these procedures.Results: In the nursing staff and leadership in health care interest in and the understanding of basic hygiene is described as being of most importance.

Abstract          Background: End of life is difficult to establish in patients with dementia and many patients die due to complications related to the disease. To document that care are palliative in this group of patients is not common among nurses and physicians. This may depend on that the palliative course is extended and not similar to the palliative course common among patients with cancer. Aim: To describe how the registered staff in nursing homes document the care of persons with dementia in a late palliative phase. Method: A retrospective record study with a deductive approach.

The western societies is characterized by a strong future concern and the members of the society are valued most of all according to their capability to produce. In our time the elder ness is representing a rapidly increasing number of relatively well kept elders. What sight of the future does the aging human have? Are one meditating of what kind of service and care one are going to need? The purpose with this study was to describe how individuals in ages between 60 and 96 sees, both the future and their coming need for care in relation to sex, age, social activities and experienced health. The material was taken from ?SNAC-Blekinge? witch is a part of a bigger national study; SNAC (The Swedish National study on Aging and Care).

AbstraktSyfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien är att belysa familjens upplevelser av palliativ omvårdnad av barn med cancer.Bakgrund: Varje år får cirka 300 svenska barn och ungdomar en cancerdiagnos. En fjärdedel dör av sin sjukdom. Barnets sjukdom påverkar föräldrarnas roller, inbördes och mot barnen och även syskon blir åsidosatta. Vetskapen om att det inte går att bota barnet upplevs för föräldrarna som oerhört stressande, samtidigt som de vill leva ett så normalt liv som möjligt.Metod: Metoden som användes var en systematisk litteraturstudie. Arton vetenskapliga artiklar inkluderades, vilka var publicerade mellan åren 1997-2007.Resultat: Resultatet visar att informationen kring barnets behandling och kommande död ansåg föräldrarna vara viktig för att vården skulle vara av god kvalitet.

The purpose of this essay is to investigate which components previous scientific studies suggest that an efficient treatment for adolescents with behavioural problems should contain. For this purpose, an extensive review of scientific research conducted in Scandinavia has been read and will be presented in this essay. This essay also present an introduction to residential care in Sweden as well as to an alternative form of treatment for adolescents with behavioural problems called Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC). The result of this essay suggest that treatment of adolescents with behavioural problems should be based on the emphasis of risk/resilience factors of the youth and that the treatment should be adapted to the youth?s individual personality and way of learning.