Med tanke på att kraven ställs allt högre på dagens företag och organisation, vill det till att företag är flexibla och konkurrenskraftiga. Kraven på effektivisering av affärsprocesser ökar markant för att ständigt förbättra arbetssituationen i organisationer. Detta examensarbete behandlar ämnet virtuell organisation och dess betydelse i integrering av affärsprocesser i B2B-företag.Undersökningen är gjord i form av intervjuer, där sju företag medverkade. Arbetet syftar till att klargöra i hur stor utsträckning det virtuella arbetssättet används i B2B-företag, gällande affärsprocesser. Syftet med detta arbeta är att undersöka ifall affärsprocesser i B2B-företag har inslag av egenskaper som kännetecknar en virtuell organisation.Resultatet visar att integrering av affärsprocesser i B2B-företag har stora inslag av egenskaper som kännetecknar en virtuell organisation..

Syftet med denna studie är att få kunskap om rektorers syn på organisation av undervisning för grundsärskoleelever samt rektorernas definitioner av begreppet inkludering med hänseende på en skola för alla. Bakgrunden till undersökningen är att det i dag finns många olika sätt att organisera undervisning för grundsärskoleelever och att flertalet rektorer anger att deras organisation är inkluderande. Vad menar de då med att organisationen är inkluderande?Studien är genomförd som en intervjustudie. Urvalet baserades på jämnstora kommuner inom länet samt på kommunernas beskrivning av sin organisation av grundsärskolan på respektive kommuns hemsida.

This essay is about leadership in libraries within the academic world, i.e. leadership in research libraries. To place our survey in a context we begin the theoretical review with a chapter about organisation theory. We dont think its possible to separate the leader from the organisation so we wanted to describe the organisation and its effect on the leadership. The next theoretical section is about leadership research.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to gain a deeper understanding of influencing behaviours concerning individualized viewing in relation to VoD-services (Video on Demand), and how this reflects the perceived viewing behaviour in terms of habits, content and social actions.Theory: The theory that primarily underpins this study is Jacob Bjur?s thesis Transforming Audiences. Bjur?s thesis provides an analytical model of individualized viewing behaviour that has been used in this study case. The model is founded on three central tenet areas of individualization, Habitualness that ensures habits, Socialness that refers to the social space and Referential space that ensures content/selection and viewership as a referential act.Method/Material: The study is based on a qualitative research method underpinned by focus groups interviews.Results: The research demonstrates strong tendencies towards an individualised viewing behaviour in the use of VoD-services.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur en balanserad styrning i praktiken påverkar verksamheters lärande och utveckling, samt hur en balanserad styrning i praktiken påverkar verksamheters förutsättningar att bli en lärande organisation. Balanserad styrning är en svensköversatt modell av balanced scorecard, en amerikansk styrform. Det teoretiska perspektivet i studien är miljöpedagogik och lärande organisation. Studien bygger på en hermeneutisk tolkande ansats, vilket syftar till att här skapa förståelse för hur en balanserad styrning fungerar i praktiken avseende lärande och utveckling samt hur den skapar förutsättningar för att bli en lärande organisation. Intervjuer har använts som datainsamlingsmetod, respondenter från två kommuner har intervjuats, och i varje kommun har en enhetschef och två medarbetare intervjuats.

Sedan introduktionen 1992 har Balanced Scorecard blivit ett alltmer använt ekonomiskt styrsystem i större vinstdrivande företag. Däremot har Balanced Scorecard mer sällan använts i icke-vinstdrivande företag. Få ideella verksamheter använder sig av detta styrmedel, trots att det skulle kunna passa deras organisation bättre, just på grund av att det fokuserar mindre på finansiella mått. När det gäller icke-vinstdrivande organisationer är budget som enda styrsystem oftast inte optimalt. Används endast budget föreligger en risk att alltför stor vikt läggs vid kortsiktiga istället för långsiktiga mål.Med detta i åtanke är det troligt att även en icke-vinstdrivande organisation kan ha nytta av ett Balanced Scorecard, men att det borde utformas på ett annat sätt..

The aim of this paper was to examine how social workers' comprehension of the need of financial aid exists in, and is influated by, the organisation they work in. To investigate this, we asked ourself questions concerning how the social worker view the way that the finicial aid-system and work surrounding it is formed, whether the social worker's understanding of the need of financial aid co-exists with the percieved common understanding of the work place (do the understandings coincide, do the social worker adjust his or her understanding or is it possible to have a separate understanding), whether the social worker feel that he or she have discretion to influence the organisation and how possible conflicts between different views are handled. We felt that a qualitative method would best help us answer these questions. We therefore interviewed seven social workers working in the same organisation. We then looked at our material from an organisational theory perspective, focusing on the individual in the organisation.We found that the social workers were socialised into the organisation and adapted the norms and values that existed there.

Slutsats: Det finns ingen perfekt mall som ska användas vid förändringar. Detta gäller i synnerhet förändringar som handlar om införande av en ny IT baserad arbetsrutin i en traditionsbunden organisation. Reaktioner på en förändring och på införande av ny teknik är olika från person till person, från organisation till organisation. Vi har genom denna uppsats kommit fram till att det finns ett antal nyckelord som borde tas i beaktande samt tillämpas om en förändring ska accepteras av personalen. · Information · Kommunikation · Väcka intresse och motivation · Uppföljning av arbetets gång.

 Background: Self-injury can be defined as deliberate harm one's own body without conscious intent to commit suicide. These patients need skilled care. Purpose: Illuminate nursing staff attitudes and treatment of patients with self-injury behaviour for individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. Method: A general literature study has been made. Based on the objective was a literature search in various databases with ten relevant articles were selected and reviewed.

The purpose of this thesis has been to explore the topic of business simulation from a theoretical foundation in social constructivism and theories concerning leadership as the management of meaning. The most important findings are that business simulation can be used for strategical leadership by management to create a common vision in the organisation members, which affects their perception of the business and the decisions and actions they make, which in turn can lead to a more efficient organisation that becomes better at meeting set goals. This can be viewed in different ways from different theoretical viewpoints: as inducing targeted changes in mental models to create changes in decision making and actions; as a secondary socialization process where the vision of management is externalized as a business simulation that is in turn internalized by the organisation members that participate in the business simulation, or as a way to frame and define the reality of the organisational members which creates a shared reference point against which a feeling of organisation and direction can emerge. In the future, business simulations may become increasingly used by organizations to create a common vision or to communicate a new decision to the organization members..

The topic of our thesis is Packaging Design as a Brand Building Tool and we are presenting the Scandinavian perspective. We found the topic interesting because, from a theoretical point of view, we identified a scarcity in research focusing on packaging design as a brand management tool, and from a practical point of view, we found out that businesses use packaging design at different levels in their communication efforts. Thus we wanted to provide both academia and business world with a clear picture to what extent and how businesses use packaging design in their brand-building process. Therefore the aim of our thesis is to provide practitioners and academicians alike with a better understanding of how packaging design can be used to create strong brands in the FMCG sector in the Scandinavian market. To reach the stated aim first we provided a solid theoretical background of packaging, its elements and its role in the marketing mix.

This bachelor thesis deal with the Soviet submarine U-137 and it's grounding inthe Swedish archipelago outside the city of Karlskrona and one of Sweden?slargest naval-bases. The actions that took place in October 1981 were specialbecause of the clear violation of Swedish territory. When the Swedish authoritieslater suspect nuclear armament onboard the crisis gets worse. In the thesis wehave examined the Swedish politicians and military and their behaviour duringthe crisis.

The Capturetheory wants to give an alternative explanation for the need of regulation. From this point if view the government does not have enough information to make an optimal regulation. There is a possibility for different interest groups to take advantage of the political arena by rent- seeking behaviour. An industry may be willing to be regulated to protect itself from competition. The objective of this paper is to account for the pros and cons of the theory of regulatory capture and also if it can be applied to the Swedish market of pharmaceuticals.

abstractBackground: Dementia affected patients have increasing problems with memory , impaired language ability, which affects communication and behaviour is considerable. These difficulties may provide an outlet for aggression, agitation and anxiety, and are common in dementia, which is exhausting for patients and their relatives and carers. Behavioural changes are common condition in patients with dementia and affects quality of life and cause unnecessary suffering . Pharmacological treatment that is inserted to relieve these symptoms have many side effects. Printed out more knowledge about non- pharmacological nursing interventions that can facilitate care for patients , relatives and carers are great.Aim: To describe non- pharmacological nursing interventions in dementia care .Method: A general literature review of thirteen scientific papers compiled and described in a result.Results: Compilation resulted in two themes,  Music in dementia care and Stimulation in dementia care and four subthemes, Singing in the care, Listening to music, Activities and Consolation and fillip that showed a dominant positive effect on dementia affected patients and carers and there by create opportunities for caring in dementia care .Conclusion: The different nursing interventions may be useful in dementia care when they show a dominant positive effect on various behavioural changes, it seems memory stimulant and promotes communication between patients and carers which favours caring .Keywords: Agitated behaviour, dementia, non- pharmacological, literature review, nursing. .

The purpose with this study was to investigate how the behaviour and physiological parameters differ between high ranked and low ranked cows, and between cows in an automatic milking system verses conventional milking parlour. The study was carried out at the Kungsängen research Centre, Department of animal nutrition an management, Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences, Uppsala. Twelve cows, the six highest and the six lowest in social rank were selected from the automatic milking system for the experiment. Ten cows, the five highest and five lowest in social rank were selected from the conventional system. Blood samples were taken during milking and resting.