The number of hidden refugees in Sweden is estimated to be at least 15,000. The law, which only allows this group a very limited access to health care, can be considered to clash with the human rights and the ethical codes related to the health care professionals.The aim of the study was to examine how the personnel in public health care may experience treating hidden refugees and which ethical conflicts that may be connected to this. The study, which is of a qualitative descriptive design, is based on eight semi-structured interviews. The interviewees were trained nurses and mid-wives in an emergency room, a maternity ward and a health care centre for asylum seekers.The experience of treating hidden refugees amongst the informants was limited. The study proved that the knowledge of laws and guidelines regarding hidden refugees amongst the interviewed health care personnel was poor.

As the occurrence of obesity increases amongst young people, so increases the risk of more people suffering from heart failure as early as during middle age. The aim is to describe the life experiences of middle aged persons living with chronic heart failure. The literature study is based on twelve published, qualitative, and scientifically proved articles derived from MedLine and Cinahl using queries representing the subject, as well as from manual searching in ScienceDirect and LIBRIS. These articles have been analyzed from a life world perspective. Four main themes and four sub themes were identified from the articles' results.

This master thesis is an analysis of how the amount of health centers per inhabitant has changed since the Swedish government implemented a new health care reform in 2010. The reform implies a free choice of health centers in the Swedish regions and opens up the market for private firms. The purpose of the thesis is to study the effects of the different financing systems toward the health centers in the regions. The models are based on theories of the need of health care. Two of the independent variables which are studied are income and age.

Claw diseases are common diseases in modern dairy production. They are painful for the cow and costly for the producer. Differences in the prevalence of claw disease depending on housing system have previously been observed. This raises the question if there are genotype by environment (GxE) interactions for claw diseases in different housing systems. To investigate this claw trimming records for Swedish Red dairy cattle (SR) and Swedish Holstein cows (SH) were retrieved from the Swedish Dairy Association.

Bakgrund: Fibromyalgi drabbar två till tre procent av befolkningen och är ett kroniskt smärttillstånd utan känd orsak. Majoriteten av dem som drabbas är kvinnor. Sjukdomen syns inte utanpå och det finns därför en risk att drabbade blir missförstådda av människor i sin omgivning och av sjukvårdspersonal. Syfte: Att med den här litteraturstudien beskriva hur kvinnor med fibromyalgi upplever sin livssituation. Metod: En litteraturstudie baserad på elva kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar.

Patienter som erhåller strålbehandling mot huvud- och halscancer drabbas i hög utsträckning av behandlingsrelaterade biverkningar. Oral mucosit, skada på munhålans slemhinna, är vanligt förekommande och kan påverka patientens grad av livskvalitet. Sjukvårdspersonal undersöker inte regelbundet munhålan och det kan därför dröja innan tecken på skada uppenbaras. Syftet med denna uppsats var att beskriva omvårdnadsinterventioner vid oral mucosit i samband med strålbehandling mot huvud- och halscancer. Vidare att beskriva om standardisering av omvårdnaden kan lindra behandlingsrelaterad oral mucosit.

We have made a qualitative study where we have chosen to interview a number of respondents consisting of ophthalmologists, eye nurses and patients. The purpose of the study was to examine employees' perceptions of patient-related status and treatment and quality, and meaningful participation in the work. The conducted interviews, we then sat in relation to how patients experienced the visit to the eye clinic and their perception of accessibility and hospitality. The result is then compared against the policy of the Title use of internally and we have also tried to explain what is happening with the help of various theorists. Theorist that we made use of is Maslow, Foucault, Deming (TQM) and Herzberg.

Lärare använder sig av olika metoder för att hjälpa studenter att utveckla de verktyg de behöver för att lära sig engelska, eller något annat ämne. En metod här är muntlig feedback, som används för att uppmuntra elever eller korrigera dem när de utför språkliga fel. Vårt mål med detta examensarbete är därför att undersöka vilka typer av muntlig feedback som kan hittas i ett klassrum där man lär sig engelska som främmande språk och vilka attityder som både lärare och studenter kan ha gentemot muntlig feedback. Tre typer av undersökningsmetoder har använts: observationer, intervjuer och enkäter. Resultatet visar på att studenter förhåller sig positivt till muntlig feedback i klassrummet, särskilt explicit corrective feedback.

Den föreliggande studien syftade till att utvärdera behandlingseffekten av den kognitiva beteendeterapin som bedrivs av terapeutkandidater vid psykoterapimottagningen på Karlstads universitet, med fokus på hälsorelaterad livskvalitet. Dessutom ämnade studien undersöka effekter på optimism och symptombild. Upprepad mätning användes och studien innefattade en behandlingsgrupp (n = 21), som erhöll kognitiv beteendeterapi under i genomsnitt 10,7 sessioner och en kontrollgrupp (n = 14), som stod på väntelista i genomsnitt 8,6 veckor.Resultatet av studien antyder en förbättring hos klienterna i behandlingsgruppen avseende delar av hälsorelaterad livskvalitet och optimism samt en minskning av ångestsymptom. Efter närmare 11 terapisessioner förbättrades klienterna i behandlingsgruppen signifikant avseende allmän hälsa (p = 0,028) och uppvisade en signifikant ökning gällande optimism (p = 0,027). Dessutom förbättrades klienterna beträffande flera områden inom psykisk hälsa samt uppvisade en minskning av ångestsymptom.

The print- and mailroom at Gefle Dagblad (GD-tyck) is handling an increasing amount of commercial jobsalong with the newspaper production. Investments have above all been done in the mailroom to be able tooffer commercial costumers a higher degree of finishing and there are plans to expand further in the commercialmarket. GD-tryck is of the opinion that they need to secure the quality of their production to be ableto do such expansion, which is the reason why a quality system of some kind may be appropriate. Howeverthere are no plans to certify such a quality system according to ISO 9001:2000.In this exam report the present methods of working have been analysed from a quality perspective.Suggestions on how GD-tryck should be working with quality development is presented in the fields whereshortage of quality has been discovered. The suggestions taken together do not form a quality system butcan be looked at as ideas of approach to quality fields that have to be developed if a working quality systemshall be accomplished.Many of the quality fields that have been discussed do not have anything to do with technical qualitydirectly but are in some degree requirements for a working quality system.

In order to optimize calf welfare and health it is important to know the behavior of cattle in free ranging conditions. When the cow is about to give birth to a calf she will leave the heard about 12 hours before. It is then rather obvious that isolating the cow about calving time in a single pen is imitating the cows? natural behavior. To save space and minimize building cost it?s common that the farmers build calving pens for four of five cows especially at larger farms.

Background: Mental illness is a growing public health problem which can cause significant disabilities and lead to poor quality of life. As primary care nurses often are the first to encounter these patients they need knowledge to be able to respond appropriately to this group.Aim: The aim was to describe how the sufferer of mental illness experiences the introduction to primary care. Method: The literature review was based on the results of 11 scientific articles which were analyzed with the inspiration of a metasynthesis method.Results: Four categories emerged: the experience of being treated like a human being, the importance of a therapeutic space, the experience of time and availability as well as the importance of competent personnel and the importance of continuity. Patients described different aspects deemed important when encountering nursing staff. Conclusion: Patients experienced that they received good care when they felt listened to and seen as individuals with their own thoughts and feelings.

The aim of this study is to investigate what psyhosocial problems that occur among congestive heart failure patients and what needs for patient education related to self-care that exists within this group. The method is a literature review. The result identifies psyhosocial problems that arise in the daily life of congestive heart failure patients and how these affect their life sitation..

This study examined constructions of horses and means staff working with horses parallel to therapy in institutional care ascribes to horses. A narrative method was used and the theoretical framework was social constructionism. A question was asked to the narratives: How can practice in institutional care be understood through these stories? The result showed different pictures of institutional care. Horses seem to provide a multi-faceted therapeutic tool.

Background: School health services of today focus on prevention and health promotion within the school. A collaboration between the school health services and the student care team from the guidelines with focus on the student, is expected. Purpose: The purpose was to illustrate School nurses  vocational experiences and what the role of school health services in the student care team at upper secondary schools of John Bauer in relationship to the vision of the school. Method: Qualitative content analysis with inductive approach was used (Lundman &Hällgren-Graneheim, 2008). Data was collected by interviewing  school nurses at  School of John Bauer.