In 1998 Sweden accepted the Treaty of Amsterdam which contained a development of the common foreign and security policy (CFSP) towards a European security and defense policy (ESDP). This thesis aims at studying the decision making process behind the Swedish foreign policy decision to further develop its security policy within the European Union. The purpose is to explain which factors and conditions that did affect and influence the Swedish foreign policy decision. The research applies foreign policy analysis, a theoretical perspective that analyzes both domestic and international conditions using different levels of analysis. The research methods being used has been qualitative as well as quantitative, complemented by interviews, since the research is a process tracing case study.The thesis conclusion is that the Swedish decision is explained by several factors.

The purpose of the following essay is to analyze how the Swedish regional policy has been influenced by the regional policy in the EU. The study builds on the theoretical framework that is Europeanization, the top-down approach, which stipulates where you can find evidence of this influence. To obtain the information that I needed to answer my question formulations, which main question formulation are; in which way has the EU regional policy influenced the Swedish regional policy? I used the method of literature analysis. Both the theoretical framework alongside the chosen method pointed me to analyze the public debate in Sweden in the regional question.

In his recent article Professor of International Affairs Charles Kupchan claims that Party Politics has become increasingly important for American Foreign Policy since the end of the Cold War. This assertion makes it valuable to assess how the substance of the Foreign Policy differs between the two American parties in various cases and if this difference is characterized by consistency or by change. In this thesis I examine these Party positions in relation to the European Security Policy.In order to examine this I compare the positions of the Democratic and Republican Parties? policy concerning both the European Defence Community (EDC) and the European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP). The purpose of this thesis is to examine the hypothesis that the Democratic Party to a higher extent than the Republican Party is more concerned to maintain good relations to Europe respectively EU.The results show that there are small indications that my hypothesis concerning the two parties is valid.

This study in Public Administration uses feminism and historical institutionalism toanalyze a highly debated contemporary policy problem that concerns genderequality in the policy of parental leave. The parental insurance was introduced in1974 with the governmental goal of gender equality. In 1974 only 0,5 percent of thenumber of days of parental benefit was paid to men. Today, 40 years later, the goalremains the same and the numbers of days of parental benefit paid to men are 24,8percent.The debate that has characterized the Swedish policy of parental insurance andspecifically the design of the parental benefit is the debate of freedom of choiceversus quota.Our study focuses on ideas and arguments that influence the policy of parentalbenefit. The study assumes, with basis in the theories of feminism and historicalinstitutionalism, that a policy like parental benefit is slow-moving and that pathdependency has lead to a slow development of gender equality..

Microwave is a time- efficient device for heating and reheating of foods. Despite the fact that its effects on foods have been evaluated during a long period of time, without any more negative effects shown compared to conventional cooking, one third of the Swedish population believes (in 2010) it accounts for a higher loss of nutrition. This literature review aim to compile studies regarding how food is affected by cooking in microwave, with respect to cooking losses, nutrition, secondary metabolites as well as sensory and textural aspects and compare it with conventional cooking. The compilation shows that different combination of effect (W), time and amount of water during microwave cooking have different effects on foods. The contents of proteins, vitamin B and carbohydrates are generally higher after microwave cooking, while anti-nutritional substances are affected much less during conventional cooking. This also depends on if it is of animal or non-animal origin. However, for the majority of nutrition values the differences are quite small.

AbstractTitle: How does Europeanization effect Swedish alcohol policy? .Titel: Hur påverkar Europeiseringen svensk alkoholpolitik?Minor Thesis in Political Science, January 2008Author : Markus GustafssonTutor : Lennart BergfeldtVäxjö UniversityThis essay will deal with the influence which Europeanization has on domestic politics. The case I have chosen is Swedish alcohol policy. Thus, the purpose is to explore whether observed changes in Swedish alcohol policy in the years 1993-2005 can be explained by Swedens´s membership in the European Union. To reach this purpose the following questions need to be answered:? What is europeanization?? How has Swedish alcohol policy changed from 1993 to 2005?? Is it possible to connect the changes in Swedish alcohol policy to a process of Europeanizationprocess?The method in this essay has been a qulitative study of litterature.

The working capital describes the short-term financial position and focus on cash flow and the actual inflow and outflow of money in the company. Working capital is part of the company's financing and consists of the company's current assets and current liabilities. There are resources that are used in the daily activity and can be optimized. The more effective they are in circulation, the higher value they create. The control of working capital is called Working Capital Management and has its basis in the company?s Working Capital Policy.

Bakgrund: Patienter med kronisk obstruktiv sjukdom (KOL) som behandlas med Non-invasiv ventilation (NIV) har risk för trycksår och malnutrition. Observation och övervakning av patienterna är viktigt för att kunna följa behandlingsförloppet och tidigt upptäcka en eventuell försämring samt förebygga komplikationer. Dokumentation av given omvårdnad måste kunna följas för att utvärdera och säkerställa kraven på en god och säker vård. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att granska omvårdnadsdokumentationen för patienter med KOL som behandlats med NIV på en medicinsk akutvårdsavdelning. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en retrospektiv systematisk journalgranskning i 75 journaler med en granskningsmall.

Forskning visar att malnutrition förekommer på sjukhus och att patienter med låg nutritionsstatus ofta inte uppmärksammas och/eller erbjuds adekvat behandling. Olika yrkeskategorier deltar i nutritionsarbetet, men sjuksköterskan kan med sitt holistiska perspektiv anses ha den bästa positionen för att försäkra patienten en god nutrition. Att ge en ur nutritionssynpunkt god vård kan sägas vara en av de mest grundläggande delarna i god omvårdnad. I Orems generella omvårdnadsteori om egenvårdsbrist formuleras när omvårdnad behövs, liksom hur omvårdnadens form och innehåll ser ut. Syftet med arbetet var att studera sjuksköterskors arbete med nutrition i samband med omvårdnad av patienter som vårdas på sjukhus. En systematisk artikelgranskning av 11 vetenskapliga artiklar genomfördes.

Många studier beskriver att malnutrition hos patienter i vården är ett stort problem med stora konsekvenser för den som drabbas. Det kan bli både medicinska som sociala komplikationer samt även stora ekonomiska påföljder för samhället. Hur nutritionsomvårdanden fungerar i praktiken, personalens inställning till och kunskap om ämnet är avgörande för att malnutrition skall kunna förebyggas och åtgärdas. Uppsatsen beskriver vad personal inom vården har för inställning till nutrition och vilka kunskaper personalen har samt hur en del av nutritionsomvårdnaden fungerar i praktiken. För att uppnå syftet har metoden baserats på litteraturstudier och analys av kvantitativa artiklar.

In this thesis, the introduction of smoke-free restaurants and bars in several EU Member States in a policy convergence perspective is studied. The thesis sets out to explain whether policy convergence has occurred and the possible explanations connected with it. It is stated that 15 out of 25 EU Member States had introduced or decided to introduce smoke-free restaurants and bars up to April, 2006. Out of all the countries in the world, 35, including the EU Member States, had introduced or decided to introduce smoke-free restaurants and bars. The result is analysed by using policy convergence theory and by putting the case in a global environment where tobacco control has become an ever more central theme for public health policy.The EU Member States are different in several ways considered to be important factors for policy convergence, such as cultural, institutional and socio-economic similarities, and the conclusion is made that EU membership has been a most crucial factor for the rapidity of the policy diffusion.

Detta arbete är en litteraturstudie som syftar till att öka förståelsen kring inappetenta katter. För att kunna optimera kattens nutrition krävs kunskap kring kattens energi- och näringsbehov samt om katters generella födopreferenser. För att belysa vikten av att katten får i sig näringsämnen i tillräcklig mängd tar arbetet upp hur svält påverkar katten, dels den friska katten som av någon anledning inte äter och dels katten som även lider av någon underliggande skada eller sjukdom. Nutritionen spelar även en viktig roll för kattens sammantagna prognos. Då anledningarna till inappetens hos katter kan vara många nämns här endast några av de vanligare orsakerna översiktligt.För att de nutritionella åtgärderna som sätts in ska ge så bra resultat som möjligt är det viktigt att det finns kunskap kring målen med åtgärderna, att en nutritionell plan läggs upp och att katten noggrant undersöks för att rätt åtgärder ska sättas in.Näring kan tillföras enteralt (via mag-tarmkanalen) eller parenteralt (utanför mag-tarmkanalen).

Bakgrund: Personer med demenssjukom får ofta i sjukdomsförloppet problem att äta och insatser för att behålla personens nutritionsstatus kan bli aktuella. En vanlig sådan insats som diskuteras är enteral nutriton i någon form. Då en person med demenssjukdom tappar sin förmåga att kommunicera och även den kognitiva förmågan att ta egna beslut ställs sjuksköterskor inför en svår arbetsuppgift. Att ta ställning till om det är etiskt riktigt att starta enteral nutrition eller om det är etiskt riktigt att acceptera matvägran är en av de svåraste dilemman en sjuksköterska kan ställas inför. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskans möjligheter att bevara autonomi hos personer med demenssjuksom vid enteral nutrition.

Purpose: The purpose of this interview study was to describe the nurses? view of their experiences of interaction with other professionals to improve the elderly patient's nutritional status in municipal elderly care.Method: The study is based on qualitative interviews with nine nurses and was analyzed according to a qualitative content analysis method.Results: The main themes that emerged: Communication among the involved, To feel secure in their role, Lack of structure. The nurses worked closely with nursing staff and cooperated more with doctors about nutrition than with the physiotherapist and occupational therapist. The nurses felt they had the main responsibility for maintaining a good nutritional status of the elderly patient and described themselves as primarily responsible for nutrition while they lacked nutritional competence equal to the responsibilities they had during the whole nutrition process. The nurses had no community dietitian?s skills and felt that the dietitian had a great responsibility and the most updated knowledge in diet and nutrition.

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